docker pull mysql:5.6 

docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql5.6 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456  --privileged=true mysql:5.6

docker exec -it mysql5.6 bash

find /etc  -name   mysqld.cnf

找到配置文件/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

docker cp mysql5.6:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf ./

vim mysqld.cnf

追加
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin  
server-id=1

binlog_format=MIXED
expire_logs_days=30  

docker cp ./mysqld.cnf mysql5.6:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

docker restart mysql5.6

成功开启binlog