OpenGL_Learn14（光照贴图）

1. 漫反射贴图

在光照场景中，它通常叫做一个漫反射贴图(Diffuse Map)（3D艺术家通常都这么叫它），它是一个表现了物体所有的漫反射颜色的纹理图像。

我们会将纹理储存为Material结构体中的一个sampler2D 。我们将之前定义的vec3漫反射颜色向量替换为漫反射贴图。

注意sampler2D是所谓的不透明类型(Opaque Type)，也就是说我们不能将它实例化，只能通过uniform来定义它。如果我们使用除uniform以外的方法（比如函数的参数）实例化这个结构体，GLSL会抛出一些奇怪的错误。这同样也适用于任何封装了不透明类型的结构体。

struct Material {sampler2D diffuse;vec3      specular;float     shininess;
}; 
...
in vec2 TexCoords;

cube.vs**********************#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location =1 ) in vec3 aNormal;
layout (location=2) in vec2 aTexCoords;out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;
out vec2 TexCoords;uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;void main()
{FragPos=vec3(model*vec4(aPos,1.0));Normal=mat3(transpose(inverse(model)))*aNormal;TexCoords=aTexCoords;gl_Position = projection * view  * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
}cube.vs**********************#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;in vec3 Normal;
in vec3 FragPos;struct Material {sampler2D diffuse;vec3 specular;float shininess;
}; 
in vec2 TexCoords;
struct Light {vec3 position;vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;
};
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;
uniform vec3 objectColor;
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 lightPos;
uniform vec3 viewPos;void main()
{//ambientvec3 ambient=vec3(0.1)*light.ambient*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));//diffusevec3 norm=normalize(Normal);vec3 lightDir=normalize(light.position-FragPos);//光的方向向量是光源位置向量与片段位置向量之间的向量差。//对norm和lightDir向量进行点乘，计算光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响//两个向量之间的角度越大，漫反射分量就会越小，点乘的几何意义也如此float diff=max(dot(norm,lightDir),0.0);vec3 diffuse=light.diffuse*diff*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));//specular//漫反射是光源指向片段位置。现在这个是摄像机指向片段位置vec3 viewDir=normalize(viewPos-FragPos);vec3 reflectDir=reflect(-lightDir,norm);//reflect第一个参数就是要片段指向摄像机位置float spec=pow(max(dot(viewDir,reflectDir),0.0),material.shininess);vec3 specular=light.specular*(spec*material.specular);vec3 result=ambient+diffuse+specular;FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}light_cube.vs**********************#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;void main()
{gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
}light_cube.fs**********************#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;
uniform vec4 CubeFragColor;
void main()
{   FragColor =vec4(1.0);
}

main.cpp

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <iostream>
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <cmath>
#include "shader.h"
#include "camera.h"#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 900;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;//camera
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;//timing
float deltaTime = 0.0f;//不同配置绘制速度不同，所以需要这个属性
float lastFrame = 0.0f;glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);// utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
// ---------------------------------------------------
unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path)
{unsigned int textureID;glGenTextures(1, &textureID);int width, height, nrComponents;unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);if (data){GLenum format;if (nrComponents == 1)format = GL_RED;else if (nrComponents == 3)format = GL_RGB;else if (nrComponents == 4)format = GL_RGBA;glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);stbi_image_free(data);}else{std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;stbi_image_free(data);}return textureID;
}int main() {//glfw:initialize and configure//=============================glfwInit();glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);#ifdef __APPLE__glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif//glfw window creation//=============================GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Learn", NULL, NULL);if (window == NULL) {std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);//tell GLFW to capture our mouseglfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);//glad::load all OPenGL function pointers//=============================if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;return -1;}//configure gloabl opengl state//=============================glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//build and compile our shader zprogram//=============================Shader lightingShader("./cube.vs", "./cube.fs");Shader lightingCubeShader("./light_cube.vs", "./light_cube.fs");//set up vertex data float vertices[] = {// positions          // normals           // texture coords-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f};//第一个unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);//position attributeglVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);//normal attributeglVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);//第二个unsigned int lightCubeVAO;glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);std::string texturePath = "../../Data/container2.png";unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(texturePath.c_str());lightingShader.use();lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);// render loop// -----------while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){// per-frame time logic// --------------------float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;lastFrame = currentFrame;// input// -----processInput(window);// render// ------glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objectslightingShader.use();lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos);lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);//光照属性lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);//材质属性lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f);lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 64.0f);// view/projection transformationsglm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);// world transformationglm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);//bind diffuse mapglActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);// render the cubeglBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);// also draw the lamp objectlightingCubeShader.use();lightingCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightingCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);model = glm::mat4(1.0f);model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cubelightingCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);glfwTerminate();return 0;}
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
{float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);if (firstMouse){lastX = xpos;lastY = ypos;firstMouse = false;}float xoffset = xpos - lastX;float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to toplastX = xpos;lastY = ypos;camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
}

2. 镜面光照贴图

增加

cube.fs

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;in vec3 Normal;
in vec3 FragPos;struct Material {sampler2D diffuse;sampler2D specular;float shininess;
}; 
in vec2 TexCoords;
struct Light {vec3 position;vec3 ambient;vec3 diffuse;vec3 specular;
};
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;
uniform vec3 objectColor;
uniform vec3 lightColor;
uniform vec3 lightPos;
uniform vec3 viewPos;void main()
{//ambientvec3 ambient=vec3(0.1)*light.ambient*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));//diffusevec3 norm=normalize(Normal);vec3 lightDir=normalize(light.position-FragPos);//光的方向向量是光源位置向量与片段位置向量之间的向量差。//对norm和lightDir向量进行点乘，计算光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响//两个向量之间的角度越大，漫反射分量就会越小，点乘的几何意义也如此float diff=max(dot(norm,lightDir),0.0);vec3 diffuse=light.diffuse*diff*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));//specular//漫反射是光源指向片段位置。现在这个是摄像机指向片段位置vec3 viewDir=normalize(viewPos-FragPos);vec3 reflectDir=reflect(-lightDir,norm);//reflect第一个参数就是要片段指向摄像机位置float spec=pow(max(dot(viewDir,reflectDir),0.0),material.shininess);vec3 specular=light.specular*spec*vec3(texture(material.specular,TexCoords));vec3 result=ambient+diffuse+specular;FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}

main.cpp 其他文件一样

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <iostream>
#include "stb_image.h"
#include <cmath>
#include "shader.h"
#include "camera.h"#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 900;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;//camera
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;//timing
float deltaTime = 0.0f;//不同配置绘制速度不同，所以需要这个属性
float lastFrame = 0.0f;glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);// utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
// ---------------------------------------------------
unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path)
{unsigned int textureID;glGenTextures(1, &textureID);int width, height, nrComponents;unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);if (data){GLenum format;if (nrComponents == 1)format = GL_RED;else if (nrComponents == 3)format = GL_RGB;else if (nrComponents == 4)format = GL_RGBA;glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);stbi_image_free(data);}else{std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;stbi_image_free(data);}return textureID;
}int main() {//glfw:initialize and configure//=============================glfwInit();glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);#ifdef __APPLE__glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
#endif//glfw window creation//=============================GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Learn", NULL, NULL);if (window == NULL) {std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;glfwTerminate();return -1;}glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);//tell GLFW to capture our mouseglfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);//glad::load all OPenGL function pointers//=============================if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;return -1;}//configure gloabl opengl state//=============================glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//build and compile our shader zprogram//=============================Shader lightingShader("./cube.vs", "./cube.fs");Shader lightingCubeShader("./light_cube.vs", "./light_cube.fs");//set up vertex data float vertices[] = {// positions          // normals           // texture coords-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f};//第一个unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);//position attributeglVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);//normal attributeglVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);//第二个unsigned int lightCubeVAO;glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);//----------std::string texturePath = "../../Data/container2.png";unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(texturePath.c_str());std::string specularPath = "../../Data/container2_specular.png";unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture(specularPath.c_str());lightingShader.use();lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);// render loop// -----------while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)){// per-frame time logic// --------------------float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;lastFrame = currentFrame;// input// -----processInput(window);// render// ------glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);// be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objectslightingShader.use();lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos);lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);//光照属性lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);//材质属性lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f);lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 64.0f);// view/projection transformationsglm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);// world transformationglm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);//bind diffuse mapglActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);// render the cubeglBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);// also draw the lamp objectlightingCubeShader.use();lightingCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);lightingCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);model = glm::mat4(1.0f);model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cubelightingCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);glfwTerminate();return 0;}
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}
// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
// -------------------------------------------------------
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
{float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);if (firstMouse){lastX = xpos;lastY = ypos;firstMouse = false;}float xoffset = xpos - lastX;float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to toplastX = xpos;lastY = ypos;camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
}

光照贴图 - LearnOpenGL CN (learnopengl-cn.github.io)

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前言： 前两日，chat gpt的创始人 San Altman在网上发表了，由于注册的使用量超过了他们的承受能力，为了确保每个人的良好使用体验，chat gpt将暂时停止开通gpt plus。 情况： 前段时间好像出现了官网崩溃的情况，就连api key都受到了影响，所以现在就开始了暂时停止plus的注…
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