右值引用，完美转发，万能引用 用法

//链表节点
template <typename T>
struct __list_node
{//1. __list_node(const T& val = T()):_prev(nullptr), _next(nullptr), _val(val){}__list_node(T&& val):_prev(nullptr), _next(nullptr), _val(forward<T>(val)){}//2. /*template<typename Ty>__list_node(Ty&& val):_prev(nullptr), _next(nullptr), _val(forward<Ty>(val)){}*//*成员变量*/__list_node<T>* _prev;__list_node<T>* _next;T _val;
};//添加相关
void push_back(const T& x)
{Node* newnode = new Node(x);Node* tail = _head->_prev;tail->_next = newnode;newnode->_prev = tail;newnode->_next = _head;_head->_prev = newnode;_size++;
}
//右值引用+完美转发
void push_back(T&& x)
{Node* newnode = new Node(forward<T>(x));Node* tail = _head->_prev;tail->_next = newnode;newnode->_prev = tail;newnode->_next = _head;_head->_prev = newnode;_size++;
}

lambda表达式 用法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;class Goods
{
public:Goods(string name, double price, int servicelife, int qualityindex):_name(name),_price(price),_servicelife(servicelife),_qualityindex(qualityindex){}void Show(){cout << "物品名称:" << _name << " ";cout << "价格:" << _price << " ";cout << "使用期限:" << _servicelife << " ";cout << "质量指数:" << _qualityindex << " " << endl;}string _name;double _price;int _servicelife;int _qualityindex;
};void Print(Goods* ptr)
{for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++){(*(ptr + i)).Show();}cout << endl;
}int main()
{Goods Array[5] = { Goods("Book", 59.9, 100, 10),Goods("Computer", 5535.3, 10, 9),Goods("Pen", 2.5, 2, 5),Goods("Phone", 4500.5, 20, 8),Goods("Shoe", 200.5, 1, 7) };sort(Array, Array + 5, [](const Goods& thing1, const Goods& thing2) -> bool {return thing1._name < thing2._name; });Print(Array);sort(Array, Array + 5, [](const Goods& thing1, const Goods& thing2) {return thing1._price < thing2._price; });Print(Array);sort(Array, Array + 5, [](const Goods& thing1, const Goods& thing2) {return thing1._servicelife < thing2._servicelife; });Print(Array);sort(Array, Array + 5, [](const Goods& thing1, const Goods& thing2) {return thing1._qualityindex < thing2._qualityindex; });Print(Array);return 0;
}

包装器(类模板function) 用法

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;//五花八门的仿函数(可调用对象之一)
class FUNC1
{
public:int operator()(int x){cout << "这是一个仿函数对象: 你传入的是" << x;if (x % 2 == 0){cout << " , 这是一个偶数, 它的下一个奇数是";}else{cout << " , 这是一个奇数, 它的下一个偶数是";}return x + 1;}
};
class FUNC2
{
public:int operator()(int x){cout << "这是一个仿函数对象: 你传入的是" << x;cout << ", 我将其除上10，为:";return x / 10;}
};//五花八门的普通函数(可调用对象之一)
int OrdinaryFunc1(int x)
{cout << "普通函数:";cout << "你传入的是" << x << ", 我将其除2，为:";return x / 2;
}
int OrdinaryFunc2(int x)
{cout << "普通函数:";cout << "你传入的是" << x << ", 我将其除5，为:";return x / 5;
}int main()
{//五花八门的lambda表达式(可调用对象之一)const char* ptr = "lambda表达式";int i = 1;auto func1 = [&, ptr](int x) {cout << ptr << (i++) << ": ";cout << "你传入的是" << x << ", 我将其加上10，为:";return x + 10;};auto func2 = [&](int x) {cout << ptr << (i++) << ": ";cout << "你传入的是" << x << ", 我将其乘上10，为:";return x * 10;};auto func3 = [&](int x) {cout << ptr << (i++) << ": ";cout << "你传入的是" << x << ", 我将其减去10，为:";return x - 10;};//统一的方式vector<function<int(int)>> MyFuncs({ func1, func2, func3, FUNC1(), FUNC2() ,func1, func2, FUNC2(), OrdinaryFunc1,OrdinaryFunc2 });int number = 2;for (auto& everyfunc : MyFuncs){cout << everyfunc(number) << endl;number *=10;}return 0;
}

包装器(函数模板bind) 用法

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;//可调用对象：全局普通函数
void InfoInput(int age, const string& sex, const string& name)
{cout << "姓名:" << name << endl;cout << "性别:" << sex << endl;cout << "年龄:" << age << endl << endl;
}//可调用对象：类的普通函数
class Person
{
public:void ClassInfoInput(const string& sex, int age, const string& name){_name = name;_sex = sex;_age = age;}void ShowInfo(){cout << "姓名:" << _name << endl;cout << "性别:" << _sex << endl;cout << "年龄:" << _age << endl << endl;}
private:string _name;string _sex;int _age;
};int main()
{auto BoyNewInfoInput = bind(InfoInput, placeholders::_2, "男", placeholders::_1);auto GirlNewInfoInput = bind(InfoInput, placeholders::_2, "女", placeholders::_1);BoyNewInfoInput("沈", 20);BoyNewInfoInput("徐", 35);GirlNewInfoInput("叶", 19);GirlNewInfoInput("黄", 25);Person p1, p2;auto BoyClassNewInfoInput = bind(&Person::ClassInfoInput, &p1, "男", placeholders::_2, placeholders::_1);auto GirlClassNewInfoInput = bind(&Person::ClassInfoInput, &p2, "女", placeholders::_2, placeholders::_1);BoyClassNewInfoInput("Mike", 22);GirlClassNewInfoInput("Army", 18);p1.ShowInfo();p2.ShowInfo();auto obj = [](int x, int y) {return x < y; };auto newobj = bind(obj, placeholders::_2, placeholders::_1);cout << obj(1, 2) << endl;cout << newobj(1, 2) << endl;return 0;
}