项目原码压缩包在我主页的资源中免费领取。（在IDEA中运行，启动类在src -> Main 中运行）

图书管理系统

设计一个简单的控制台输出的图书管理系统，我们首先需要明确其基本功能、设计内容以及设计要求。这个系统可以包括以下几个核心模块：书籍管理、用户管理、借阅与归还管理。以下是一个基础的设计方案：

设计内容

数据模型设计

• Book 类：包含书的属性，如 name（书名）、author（作者）、price（价格）、type（类型）、borrowed(借出情况)等。
• User 类：包含用户属性，如 name（姓名）、Books（已借书籍列表，可以是Book对象的集合）。

功能模块设计

• 书籍管理

  • 添加书籍
  • 删除书籍
  • 显示书籍信息
  • 查询书籍（按书名查找）

• 用户管理

  • 查找图书
  • 借阅图书
  • 归还图书

设计要求

用户交互友好性

• 系统应提供清晰的菜单选项，方便用户进行操作。
• 对于错误输入，系统应给出友好的提示信息，指导用户正确操作。

数据一致性与安全性

• 保证数据的一致性，例如在借书时检查书籍是否可借。
• 虽然是控制台应用，也应考虑简单安全措施，比如对用户密码进行基本的加密处理。

 系统扩展性

• 设计时应考虑未来可能的功能扩展，如增加评论系统、推荐系统等，确保现有架构易于扩展。

在该项目中我们设计了两个菜单：

 用来各执行不同的操作。

项目操作步骤

1、建立包：

在该项目中我们建立三个包：1、book 2、operation 3、user 分别用来存放与书籍相关的类、与操作相关的类、与用户相关的类。

编写与书籍相关的类：

Book类的代码：

package book;import java.util.Objects;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:图书* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 20:13*/
public class Book {private String name;//书名private String auther;//作者private int price;//价格private String type;//书的类型private boolean isBorrowed;//书是否被借出public Book(String name, String auther, int price, String type) {this.name = name;this.auther = auther;this.price = price;this.type = type;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getAuther() {return auther;}public void setAuther(String auther) {this.auther = auther;}public int getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(int price) {this.price = price;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public boolean isBorrowed() {return isBorrowed;}public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {isBorrowed = borrowed;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Book{" +"书名：'" + name + '\'' +", 作者：'" + auther + '\'' +", 价格：" + price +", 类型：'" + type + '\'' +((isBorrowed == true)?",借出情况：已借出":",借出情况：未借出")  +'}';}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object o) {if (this == o) return true;if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;Book book = (Book) o;return price == book.price && isBorrowed == book.isBorrowed && Objects.equals(name, book.name) && Objects.equals(auther, book.auther) && Objects.equals(type, book.type);}@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return Objects.hash(name, auther, price, type, isBorrowed);}
}

BookList类的代码：

package book;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:书架* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 20:29*/
public class BookList {private Book[] booklist = new Book[10];//用来存放书private int usedSize;//计数器，用来记录当前书架有多少书public BookList() {booklist[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",71,"小说");booklist[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",82,"小说");booklist[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",79,"小说");this.usedSize = 3;}public void setBooks(int pos, Book book){booklist[pos] = book;}public Book getBook(int pos){return booklist[pos];}public int getUsedSize() {return usedSize;}public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {this.usedSize = usedSize;}
}

编写与用户相关的类：

AdminUser 类的代码：

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:19*/
public class AdminUser extends Users{public AdminUser(String name) {super(name);this.books = new IBooks[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindBooks(),new AddBooks(),new DelBooks(),new ShowBooks()};}@Overridepublic int menu() {System.out.println("=====================================");System.out.println("hallo! "+this.name+" 欢迎来到管理员菜单");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.新增图书");System.out.println("3.删除图书");System.out.println("4.显示图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("请选择你要操作的序号：>");System.out.println("=====================================");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

Normaluser 类的编写：

package user;import operation.*;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:19*/
public class NormalUser extends Users{public NormalUser(String name) {super(name);this.books = new IBooks[]{new ExitOperation(),new FindBooks(),new BorrowBooks(),new ReturnBooks()};}@Overridepublic int menu() {System.out.println("========================================");System.out.println("hallo! "+this.name+" 欢迎来到普通用户菜单菜单");System.out.println("1.查找图书");System.out.println("2.借阅图书");System.out.println("3.归还图书");System.out.println("0.退出系统");System.out.println("请选择你要操作的序号：>");System.out.println("=======================================");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);int choice = scanner.nextInt();return choice;}
}

Users 类的代码：

package user;import book.BookList;
import operation.IBooks;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:13*/
public abstract class Users {protected String name;public IBooks[] books;public Users(String name) {this.name = name;}public abstract int menu();public void doOperation(int choice,BookList booklist){books[choice].work(booklist);}
}

编写与操作相关的类：

AddBooks 类代码的编写：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 21:54*/
public class AddBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist){Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入书名");String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入作者");String auther = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入价格");int price = scanner.nextInt();scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入书的类型");String type = scanner.nextLine();Book book = new Book(name,auther,price,type);int count = booklist.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book1 = booklist.getBook(i);if(book1.getName().equals(name)){System.out.println("已经存在这本书，不能在进行添加了");return;}}booklist.setBooks(count,book);booklist.setUsedSize(count+1);System.out.println("添加成功！");}
}

BorrowBooks 类的代码编写：

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:09*/
public class BorrowBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist) {int count = booklist.getUsedSize();if(count == 0){System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");return;}Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的书籍的名字：>");String name = scanner.nextLine();int tmp = -1;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book = booklist.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){tmp = i;break;}}if(tmp == -1){System.out.println("图书馆没有该图书！");return;}Book book1 = booklist.getBook(tmp);if(book1.isBorrowed() == true){System.out.println("该书籍已经被借出！");return;}book1.setBorrowed(true);System.out.println("借阅成功！");return;}
}

DelBooks 类的代码编写：

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:02*/
public class DelBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist){int count = booklist.getUsedSize();if(count == 0){System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");return;}Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书的名字:>");String name = scanner.nextLine();int tmp = -1;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book = booklist.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){tmp = i;break;}}if(tmp == -1){System.out.println("没有找到该图书，请重新选择！");return;}else{for (int i = tmp; i < count - 1; i++) {Book book1 = booklist.getBook(i+1);booklist.setBooks(i,book1);}}booklist.setUsedSize(count - 1);System.out.println("删除图书成功！");return;}
}

ExitOperation 类的代码编写：

package operation;import book.BookList;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:06*/
public class ExitOperation implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist) {int count = booklist.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {booklist.setBooks(i,null);}booklist.setUsedSize(0);System.out.println("成功退出图书管理系统");System.exit(0);}
}

FindBooks 类的代码：

package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 21:57*/
public class FindBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist){Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入你要查找的书名");String name = scanner.nextLine();int count = booklist.getUsedSize();for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book = booklist.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){System.out.println(book);return;}}System.out.println("没有这本图书");}
}

IBooks 类的代码：

package operation;import book.BookList;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:00*/
public interface IBooks {void work(BookList booklist);
}

ReturnBooks 类的代码：

import book.BookList;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:10*/
public class ReturnBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist) {int count = booklist.getUsedSize();Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入要归还书籍的名字：:");String name = scanner.nextLine();int tmp = -1;for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book = booklist.getBook(i);if(book.getName().equals(name)){tmp = i;break;}}if(tmp == -1){System.out.println("图书馆没有该图书");return;}Book book2 = booklist.getBook(tmp);book2.setBorrowed(false);System.out.println("图书归还成功！");}
}

ShowBooks 类的代码：

package operation;import book.Book;
import book.BookList;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 22:03*/
public class ShowBooks implements IBooks{@Overridepublic void work(BookList booklist) {int count = booklist.getUsedSize();if(count == 0){System.out.println("图书馆没有图书！");return;}for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {Book book = booklist.getBook(i);System.out.println(book);}}
}

Main 类的代码：

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.Users;import java.util.Scanner;/*** Created with IntelliJ IDEA.* Description:* User: lenovo* Date: 2024-06-04* Time: 20:08*/
public class Main {public static Users login(){System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：>");Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String name = scanner.nextLine();System.out.println("清选择你的身份：>  1-》管理员 0-》普通用户");int choice = scanner.nextInt();if(choice == 1){return new AdminUser(name);}else{return new NormalUser(name);}}public static void main(String[] args) {BookList booklist = new BookList();Users users = login();while(true){int choice = users.menu();users.doOperation(choice,booklist);}}
}

最后代码在Main类中启动。

运行结果如下图：