前言
在上一篇文章中,我们对Gorm
进行了介绍,而在这一篇文章中我们主要介绍GORM
的单表查询与Hook函数,在进行今天的内容之前我们先事先说明一下,下面我们对单表进行操作的表结构如下:
type Student struct {ID uint `gorm:"size:3"`Name string `gorm:"size:8"`Age int `gorm:"size:3"`Sex string `gorm:"size:3"`Email *string `gorm:"size:32"`
}
好了,话不多说,开始我们今天的内容
表的初始化
首先我们确定一下我们已经将要演示的数据库内相关内容清空掉了,然后我们就可以开始连接数据库并创建students
表了:
package mainimport ("fmt""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm"
)type Student struct {ID uint `gorm:"size:3"`Name string `gorm:"size:8"`Age int `gorm:"size:3"`Sex string `gorm:"size:3"`Email *string `gorm:"size:32"`
}var myDB *gorm.DBfunc init() {user := "root"password := "aaaa"dbname := "gorm"ip := "127.0.0.1"port := "3306"dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local", user, password, ip, port, dbname)db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("数据库连接失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("数据库连接成功")myDB = db
}func main() {err := myDB.AutoMigrate(&Student{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("students表创建失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("students表创建成功")
}
单表操作
创建并插入数据
插入单条数据
func SingleInsert(student Student) {res := myDB.Create(&student)if res.Error != nil {fmt.Println("插入数据失败,err:", res.Error)return}fmt.Println("插入数据成功")
}func main() {err := myDB.AutoMigrate(&Student{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("students表创建失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("students表创建成功")email := "fengxu@163.com"student := Student{Name: "fengxu",Age: 18,Sex: "男",Email: &email,}SingleInsert(student)
}
运行成功,查找数据库:
这样我们就成功将一条记录插入数据库了
批量插入数据
func Insert(StudentList []Student) {var StudentList []Studentfor i := 0; i < 10; i++ {email := fmt.Sprintf("No.%d@163.com", i)student := Student{Name: fmt.Sprintf("No.%d", i),Age: 18 + i,Sex: "男",Email: &email,}StudentList = append(StudentList, student)}res := myDB.Create(&StudentList)if res.Error != nil {fmt.Println("插入数据失败,err:", res.Error)return}fmt.Println("插入数据成功")
}
这显示我们成功向students
表中批量插入数据。
插入数据的细节
- 这里的
email
我为了表示它可以为空,将它的类型设置成了指针,所以我们在传值的时候也要传指针 - 我们在使用
Create
函数时,传递的是指针,而不是具体值 - 由于我们传入到Create函数的是student的指针,所以student在此之后就会出现该记录的其他消息了,比如下面这样:
func SingleInsert(student Student) {//插入单条数据email := "fengxu@163.com"student := Student{Name: "luoyu",Age: 18,Sex: "男",Email: &email,}SingleInsert(student)res := myDB.Create(&student)if res.Error != nil {fmt.Println("插入数据失败,err:", res.Error)return}fmt.Println("插入数据成功")fmt.Println(student)
}
打印的结果为:
{13 luoyu 18 男 0xc0001e0830}
单表插入的完整代码:
package mainimport ("fmt""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm"
)type Student struct {ID uint `gorm:"size:3"`Name string `gorm:"size:8"`Age int `gorm:"size:3"`Sex string `gorm:"size:3"`Email *string `gorm:"size:32"`
}var myDB *gorm.DBfunc init() {user := "root"password := "ba161754"dbname := "gorm"ip := "127.0.0.1"port := "3306"dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local", user, password, ip, port, dbname)db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("数据库连接失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("数据库连接成功")myDB = db
}func SingleInsert(student Student) {res := myDB.Create(&student)if res.Error != nil {fmt.Println("插入数据失败,err:", res.Error)return}fmt.Println("插入数据成功")fmt.Println(student)
}func Insert(StudentList []Student) {res := myDB.Create(&StudentList)if res.Error != nil {fmt.Println("插入数据失败,err:", res.Error)return}fmt.Println("插入数据成功")
}func main() {err := myDB.AutoMigrate(&Student{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("students表创建失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("students表创建成功")//插入单条数据email := "fengxu@163.com"student := Student{Name: "luoyu",Age: 18,Sex: "男",Email: &email,}SingleInsert(student)//批量插入数据var StudentList []Studentfor i := 0; i < 10; i++ {email := fmt.Sprintf("No.%d@163.com", i)student := Student{Name: fmt.Sprintf("No.%d", i),Age: 18 + i,Sex: "男",Email: &email,}StudentList = append(StudentList, student)}Insert(StudentList)
}
单表查询
前言
在讲解单表查询之前,我们先来看一个很简单的单表查询代码
package mainimport ("fmt""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm""gorm.io/gorm/logger""log""os""time"
)type Student struct {ID uint `gorm:"size:3"`Name string `gorm:"size:8"`Age int `gorm:"size:3"`Sex string `gorm:"size:3"`Email *string `gorm:"size:32"`
}var myDB *gorm.DB
var mysqllogger logger.Interfacefunc init() {user := "root"password := "ba161754"dbname := "gorm"ip := "127.0.0.1"port := "3306"dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local", user, password, ip, port, dbname)db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("数据库连接失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("数据库连接成功")myDB = db
}func initLogger() {var mysqlLogger logger.InterfacemysqlLogger = logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info) //设置日志打印级别mysqlLogger = logger.New(log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", log.LstdFlags), // (日志输出的目标,前缀和日志包含的内容)logger.Config{SlowThreshold: time.Second, // 慢 SQL 阈值LogLevel: logger.Info, // 日志级别IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: true, // 忽略ErrRecordNotFound(记录未找到)错误Colorful: true, // 使用彩色打印},)myDB.Logger = mysqlLogger
}func main() {var student StudentinitLogger()myDB.Session(&gorm.Session{Logger: mysqllogger,})myDB.Take(&student) //默认查找第一条数据fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}myDB.First(&student) //查找第一条数据fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}myDB.Last(&student) //查找最后一条数据fmt.Println(student)
}
输出结果为:
这里我在打印出查询结果的同时也打印出了它们原生的sql语句,我们可以看到相对于原生sql语句,GORM的语句相对比较简单。
当然和我们平时利用各种各样的筛选条件来进行查询,我们在GORM也可以利用各种各样的条件来完成查询,,最后我们介绍一下下面我们可能会使用的函数:
Take
:用于从数据库中检索符合条件的第一条记录,并将其填充到指定的结构体中。如果没有指定特定的条件,它会默认返回第一条记录。Find
:用于从数据库中检索符合条件的所有记录,并将它们填充到指定的结构体切片中。你可以使用Where函数来添加条件限制,以便只检索满足特定条件的记录。
单条记录查询
- 根据主键查询
myDB.Take(&student, 1)fmt.Println(student)myDB.Take(&student, "1")fmt.Println(student)
注意:这里指定主键时可以是数字也可以是字符串
- 根据其他条件来查询
myDB.Take(&student, "name = ?", "fengxu")fmt.Println(student)
这里我们用?
来作为占位符,这样可以有效的防止sql注入
- 根据struct来查询
myDB.Where(&Student{Name: "fengxu"}).Find(&student)fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}
- 获取查询结果
var studentList []Studenterr := myDB.Find(&studentList).Errorswitch {case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):fmt.Println("没有找到数据")default:fmt.Println("sql语句出现问题")}count := myDB.Find(&studentList).RowsAffected //获取查询结果条数fmt.Println(count)
}
完整代码:
func SingleSerach() {var student Studentvar studentList []Student//根据主键查询myDB.Take(&student, 1)fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}myDB.Take(&student, "3")fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}//根据字段查询myDB.Take(&student, "name = ?", "fengxu")fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}//根据struct来查询//student.ID = 4myDB.Where(&Student{Name: "fengxu"}).Find(&student)fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}err := myDB.Find(&studentList).Errorswitch {case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):fmt.Println("没有找到数据")default:fmt.Println("sql语句出现问题")}count := myDB.Find(&studentList).RowsAffectedfmt.Println(count)
}
多条记录查询
- 简单示例:
func MultipleSearch() {var studentList []StudentmyDB.Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {fmt.Println(v)}//上面我们打印的email是地址,我们需要对它进行序列化for _, v := range studentList {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}
}
- 按照主键来查询
studentList1 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)for _, v := range studentList1 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}studentList2 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList2, []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6})for _, v := range studentList2 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}
注意:这里其实用不用前片都可以,但是测试结果是切片速度明显较快,建议使用切片
- 按照其他条件来查询
//根据字段查询studentList := []Student{}myDB.Where("name in ?", []string{"fengxu", "luoyu"}).Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}
全部代码:
func MultipleSearch() {var studentList []StudentmyDB.Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {fmt.Println(v)}//按主键查询studentList1 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)for _, v := range studentList1 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}studentList2 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList2, []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6})for _, v := range studentList2 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}//根据字段查询studentList = []Student{}myDB.Where("name in ?", []string{"fengxu", "luoyu"}).Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}
}
单表数据的更新
示例:
func Update() {var student StudentmyDB.Take(&student, 1)student.Name = "三玖"student.Sex = "女"myDB.Save(&student)fmt.Println(student)
}
注意:
Save
会保留所有的字段,哪怕我们将字段的值设为0
Save
函数其实是一个组合操作,如果当前不存在该字段,则是执行Create
否则执行Update
- 不要将
Save
和Model
一同使用, 这是 未定义的行为
单列更新
更新单列指定字段
//更新指定字段student = Student{}myDB.Take(&student)student.Age = 19myDB.Select("age").Save(&student)fmt.Println(student)
批量更新
//同时更新单个指定字段studentList := []Student{}myDB.Where("name like ?", "No.%").Find(&studentList).Update("age", 19)for _, v := range studentList {fmt.Println(v.Name, v.Age)}//同时更新多个指定字段Email := "sanjiu@163.com"new_student := Student{Age: 20,Sex: "女",Email: &Email,}myDB.Model(&student).Where("name=?", "三玖").Updates(new_student) //方法一:structmyDB.Model(&student).Where("name=?", "三玖").Updates(map[string]interface{}{"age": 20,"sex": "女","email": "sanjiu@163.com",})// 方法二:map
注意:Updates
函数在struct方法更新字段时会自动忽略零值,如果想避免建议使用map
或使用Select
函数说明一下要更新的字段,示例如下:
DB.Model(&Student{}).Where("age = ?", 21).Select("gender", "email").Updates(Student{Email: &email,Gender: false,
})
单表删除
func Delete() {var student Studentvar studentlist []StudentmyDB.Take(&student, 1)myDB.Delete(&student) //单行删除myDB.Take(&studentlist, []int{1, 2, 3})myDB.Delete(&studentlist) //批量删除
}
代码汇总
以上有关单表操作的全部代码:
package mainimport ("encoding/json""errors""fmt""gorm.io/driver/mysql""gorm.io/gorm""gorm.io/gorm/logger""log""os""time"
)type Student struct {ID uint `gorm:"size:3"`Name string `gorm:"size:8"`Age int `gorm:"size:3"`Sex string `gorm:"size:3"`Email *string `gorm:"size:32"`
}var myDB *gorm.DB
var mysqllogger logger.Interfacefunc init() {user := "root"password := "nicai"dbname := "gorm"ip := "127.0.0.1"port := "3306"dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local", user, password, ip, port, dbname)db, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{})if err != nil {fmt.Println("数据库连接失败,err:", err)return}fmt.Println("数据库连接成功")myDB = db
}func initLogger() {var mysqlLogger logger.InterfacemysqlLogger = logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info) //设置日志打印级别mysqlLogger = logger.New(log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", log.LstdFlags), // (日志输出的目标,前缀和日志包含的内容)logger.Config{SlowThreshold: time.Second, // 慢 SQL 阈值LogLevel: logger.Info, // 日志级别IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: true, // 忽略ErrRecordNotFound(记录未找到)错误Colorful: true, // 使用彩色打印},)myDB.Logger = mysqlLogger
}func SingleSerach() {var student Studentvar studentList []Student//根据主键查询myDB.Take(&student, 1)fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}myDB.Take(&student, "3")fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}//根据字段查询myDB.Take(&student, "name = ?", "fengxu")fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}//根据struct来查询//student.ID = 4myDB.Where(&Student{Name: "fengxu"}).Find(&student)fmt.Println(student)student = Student{}err := myDB.Find(&studentList).Errorswitch {case errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound):fmt.Println("没有找到数据")default:fmt.Println("sql语句出现问题")}count := myDB.Find(&studentList).RowsAffectedfmt.Println(count)
}func MultipleSearch() {var studentList []StudentmyDB.Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {fmt.Println(v)}//按主键查询studentList1 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)for _, v := range studentList1 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}studentList2 := []Student{}myDB.Find(&studentList2, []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6})for _, v := range studentList2 {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}//根据字段查询studentList = []Student{}myDB.Where("name in ?", []string{"fengxu", "luoyu"}).Find(&studentList)for _, v := range studentList {data, _ := json.Marshal(v)fmt.Println(string(data))}
}func Update() {//update操作示例var student StudentmyDB.Take(&student, 1)student.Name = "三玖"student.Sex = "女"myDB.Save(&student)fmt.Println(student)//更新指定字段student = Student{}myDB.Take(&student)student.Age = 19myDB.Select("age").Save(&student)fmt.Println(student)//同时更新多列的指定字段studentList := []Student{}myDB.Where("name like ?", "No.%").Find(&studentList).Update("age", 19)for _, v := range studentList {fmt.Println(v.Name, v.Age)}//同时更新多列Email := "sanjiu@163.com"new_student := Student{Age: 20,Sex: "女",Email: &Email,}myDB.Model(&student).Where("name=?", "三玖").Updates(new_student) //方法一:structmyDB.Model(&student).Where("name=?", "三玖").Updates(map[string]interface{}{"age": 20,"sex": "女","email": "sanjiu@163.com",}) // 方法二:map
}func Delete() {var student Studentvar studentlist []StudentmyDB.Take(&student, 1)myDB.Delete(&student) //单行删除myDB.Take(&studentlist, []int{1, 2, 3})myDB.Delete(&studentlist) //批量删除
}func main() {//var student StudentinitLogger()myDB.Session(&gorm.Session{Logger: mysqllogger,})//myDB.Take(&student) //默认查找第一条数据//fmt.Println(student)//student = Student{}////myDB.First(&student) //查找第一条数据//fmt.Println(student)//student = Student{}////myDB.Last(&student) //查找最后一条数据//fmt.Println(student)Delete()
}
结语
上面仅仅是我基于Gorm
框架学习的一些笔记,详细可以参考:
GORM官方文档