使用 Spring Doc 为 Spring REST API 生成 OpenAPI 3.0 文档

Spring Boot 3 整合 `springdoc-openapi`

概述

springdoc-openapi 是一个用于自动生成 OpenAPI 3.0 文档的库，它支持与 Spring Boot 无缝集成。通过这个库，你可以轻松地生成和展示 RESTful API 的文档，并且可以使用 Swagger UI 或 ReDoc 进行交互式测试。

环境准备

Spring Boot 3.x
Java 17+
Maven

创建 Spring Boot 项目

首先，创建一个新的 Spring Boot 项目。你可以使用 Spring Initializr 来快速生成项目结构。

添加依赖

在 pom.xml 文件中添加 springdoc-openapi-ui 依赖：

<dependencies><!-- Spring Web 依赖 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><!-- springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui 是一个 Spring Boot Starter，它包含了 springdoc-openapi-ui 及其他必要的依赖，简化了依赖管理和配置 --><dependency><groupId>org.springdoc</groupId><artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId><version>2.6.0</version></dependency><!-- springdoc-openapi-ui 依赖 -->
<!--	<dependency>-->
<!--       <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>-->
<!--       <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>-->
<!--       <version>1.8.0</version>-->
<!--    </dependency>-->
</dependencies>

配置文件

在 application.yml 或 application.properties 中配置 Swagger UI 和 ReDoc 的路径（可选）：

springdoc:api-docs:path: /v3/api-docsswagger-ui:path: /swagger-ui.htmlenabled: trueoperationsSorter: methodshow-actuator: true

或者在 application.properties 中：

springdoc.api-docs.path=/v3/api-docs
springdoc.swagger-ui.path=/swagger-ui.html
springdoc.swagger-ui.enabled=true
springdoc.swagger-ui.operations-sorter=method
springdoc.show-actuator=true

创建模型类

创建一个简单的模型类 User，并使用 @Schema 注解来描述字段：

package org.springdoc.demo.services.user.model;import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;@Schema(name = "User", description = "用户实体")
public class User {@Schema(description = "用户ID", example = "1", requiredMode = Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED)private Long id;@Schema(description = "用户名", example = "john_doe", requiredMode = Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED)private String username;@Schema(description = "电子邮件", example = "john.doe@example.com", requiredMode = Schema.RequiredMode.REQUIRED)private String email;public User(Long id, String username, String email) {this.id = id;this.username = username;this.email = email;}public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getEmail() {return email;}public void setEmail(String email) {this.email = email;}
}

如何想隐藏模型的某个字段，不生成文档，可以使用@Schema(hidden = true)。
当我们的 model 包含 JSR-303 Bean 验证注解（如 @NotNull、@NotBlank、@Size、@Min 和 @Max）时，springdoc-openapi 库会使用它们为相应的约束生成额外的 schema 文档。

/***  * Copyright 2019-2020 the original author or authors.*  **  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");*  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.*  * You may obtain a copy of the License at*  **  *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0*  **  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software*  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,*  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.*  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and*  * limitations under the License.**/package org.springdoc.demo.services.book.model;import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;/*** The type Book.*/
public class Book {/*** The Id.*/@Schema(hidden = true)private long id;/*** The Title.*/@NotBlank@Size(min = 0, max = 20)private String title;/*** The Author.*/@NotBlank@Size(min = 0, max = 30)private String author;
}

创建 RESTful 控制器

创建一个控制器 UserController，包含两个方法：一个使用 OpenAPI 注解，另一个不使用。
我们使用 @Operation 和 @ApiResponses 对 controller 的 /api/user/{id} 端点进行注解。其实不使用
@Operation 和 @ApiResponses，也会生成文档，只是信息少一些。

package org.springdoc.demo.services.user.controller;import org.springdoc.demo.services.user.model.User;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Parameter;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Content;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.media.Schema;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/user")
public class UserController {private final Map<Long, User> userMap = new HashMap<>();public UserController() {// 初始化一些示例数据userMap.put(1L, new User(1L, "john_doe", "john.doe@example.com"));userMap.put(2L, new User(2L, "jane_doe", "jane.doe@example.com"));}@Operation(summary = "获取用户信息",description = "根据用户ID获取用户信息",responses = {@ApiResponse(responseCode = "200",description = "成功",content = @Content(mediaType = "application/json",schema = @Schema(implementation = User.class))),@ApiResponse(responseCode = "404",description = "未找到用户")})@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<User> getUserById(@PathVariable @Parameter(description = "用户ID") Long id) {User user = userMap.get(id);if (user != null) {return ResponseEntity.ok(user);} else {return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();}}@GetMapping("/{id}/no-annotations")public ResponseEntity<User> getUserByIdNoAnnotations(@PathVariable Long id) {User user = userMap.get(id);if (user != null) {return ResponseEntity.ok(user);} else {return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();}}
}

自定义全局配置

如果你需要自定义全局的 OpenAPI 文档信息，可以创建一个配置类 OpenApiConfig：

package com.example.demo.config;import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Contact;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.License;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class OpenApiConfig {@Beanpublic OpenAPI customOpenAPI() {return new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title("示例 API 文档").version("1.0").description("这是一个示例 API 文档，用于演示如何整合 springdoc-openapi。").contact(new Contact().name("你的名字").email("your.email@example.com").url("https://example.com")).license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0")));}
}

启动应用

创建一个 Spring Boot 应用程序的主类：

package com.example.demo;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);}
}

访问 Swagger UI

启动应用程序后，你可以通过以下 URL 访问 Swagger UI：

http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html

在 Swagger UI 页面中，你可以看到生成的 API 文档，并且可以进行交互式测试。

配置分组

可以在通过配置 application.yml 来设置分组

springdoc:api-docs:version: openapi_3_1path: /v3/api-docsversion: '@springdoc.version@'swagger-ui:path: /swagger-ui.htmlenabled: trueoperationsSorter: methoduse-root-path: true#包扫描路径
#  packages-to-scan: com.ruoyi.tenant.controllergroup-configs:- group: user#按包路径匹配packagesToScan: org.springdoc.demo.services.user- group: book#按路径匹配pathsToMatch: /api/book/**#按包路径匹配packagesToScan: org.springdoc.demo.services.book

也可以在配置类里配置

package org.springdoc.demo.services.config;import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Contact;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info;
import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.License;
import org.springdoc.core.models.GroupedOpenApi;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class OpenApiConfig {@Beanpublic OpenAPI customOpenAPI() {return new OpenAPI().info(new Info().title("示例 API 文档").version("1.0").description("这是一个示例 API 文档，用于演示如何整合 springdoc-openapi。").contact(new Contact().name("你的名字").email("your.email@example.com").url("https://example.com")).license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0")));}@Beanpublic GroupedOpenApi userApi() {return GroupedOpenApi.builder().group("user")
//        .packagesToScan("org.springdoc.demo.services.user").pathsToMatch("/api/user/**").build();}@Beanpublic GroupedOpenApi bookpi() {return GroupedOpenApi.builder().group("book").pathsToMatch("/api/book/**")
//        .packagesToScan("org.springdoc.demo.services.book").build();}}