Go解析的数据类型可能含有不同数据结构的处理方式

最近做一个需求，各种业务消息都会往我的消息队列中写各种类型的数据，服务端需要接受各种不同的参数然后转换为本地数据结构，Go语言不确定上游传过来的数值是什么类型，然后又下面四种解决方案。

1. 类型断言和类型切换

func (MissionEventHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, message *kafka.Message) error {var raw map[string]interface{}err := json.Unmarshal(message.Value, &raw)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}switch raw["event"] {case mission.MISSION_EVENT_PAY_SUCCESS:uid, ok1 := raw["uid"].(string)time, ok2 := raw["time"].(string)num, ok3 := raw["num"].(float64) // JSON numbers are float64 by defaultif !ok1 || !ok2 || !ok3 {// Handle type assertion errorreturn errors.New("type assertion failed")}// Handle the event// ...// Add cases for other event typesdefault:// Handle unknown event}return nil
}

2. 结构体组合

type Event struct {Event string `json:"event"`
}type PaySuccessEvent struct {EventUID  string `json:"uid"`Time string `json:"time"`Num  int    `json:"num"`
}// ... Define other specific event structsfunc (MissionEventHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, message *kafka.Message) error {var baseEvent Eventerr := json.Unmarshal(message.Value, &baseEvent)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}switch baseEvent.Event {case mission.MISSION_EVENT_PAY_SUCCESS:var paySuccessEvent PaySuccessEventerr := json.Unmarshal(message.Value, &paySuccessEvent)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}// Handle the event// ...// Add cases for other event typesdefault:// Handle unknown event}return nil
}

3. 使用 `json.RawMessage`

type GenericEvent struct {Event string          `json:"event"`Data  json.RawMessage `json:"data"`
}func (MissionEventHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, message *kafka.Message) error {var genericEvent GenericEventerr := json.Unmarshal(message.Value, &genericEvent)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}switch genericEvent.Event {case mission.MISSION_EVENT_PAY_SUCCESS:var paySuccessEvent PaySuccessEventerr := json.Unmarshal(genericEvent.Data, &paySuccessEvent)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}// Handle the event// ...// Add cases for other event typesdefault:// Handle unknown event}return nil
}

4. 使用 `map[string]interface{}` 和反射

import ("reflect""encoding/json"
)func (MissionEventHandler) Handle(ctx context.Context, message *kafka.Message) error {var raw map[string]interface{}err := json.Unmarshal(message.Value, &raw)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}switch raw["event"] {case mission.MISSION_EVENT_PAY_SUCCESS:paySuccessEvent := reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(PaySuccessEvent{})).Interface()err := mapstructure.Decode(raw, &paySuccessEvent)if err != nil {// Handle errorreturn err}// Handle the event// ...// Add cases for other event typesdefault:// Handle unknown event}return nil
}