以下是三个练习题的具体实现方案,包含完整代码示例和详细说明:
练习题1:TDD实现博客评论功能
步骤1:编写失败测试
# tests/test_blog.py
import unittest
from blog import BlogPost, Comment, InvalidCommentErrorclass TestBlogSystem(unittest.TestCase):def test_create_comment(self):post = BlogPost(title="Python测试教程", content="...")comment = post.add_comment(user="开发者", text="非常实用!")self.assertIsInstance(comment, Comment)self.assertEqual(len(post.comments), 1)def test_comment_validation(self):post = BlogPost(title="TDD实践", content="...")with self.assertRaises(InvalidCommentError):post.add_comment(user="", text="空用户测试")def test_comment_display(self):post = BlogPost(title="测试驱动开发", content="...")post.add_comment(user="Alice", text="清晰易懂")self.assertIn("Alice: 清晰易懂", post.display_comments())
步骤2:实现最小功能
# blog.py
class InvalidCommentError(Exception):passclass Comment:def __init__(self, user, text):self.user = userself.text = textclass BlogPost:def __init__(self, title, content):self.title = titleself.content = contentself.comments = []def add_comment(self, user, text):if not user or not text:raise InvalidCommentError("用户和内容不能为空")comment = Comment(user, text)self.comments.append(comment)return commentdef display_comments(self):return "\n".join([f"{c.user}: {c.text}" for c in self.comments])
步骤3:运行测试
python -m unittest tests/test_blog.py -v
步骤4:重构优化
- 添加评论时间戳功能
- 实现评论分级嵌套
- 添加敏感词过滤机制
练习题2:生成HTML测试报告
安装依赖
pip install pytest-html
配置测试命令
# 生成基础报告
pytest --html=report.html# 带附加信息的报告
pytest --html=detailed_report.html --self-contained-html \--metadata Project "博客系统" \--metadata Environment "测试环境"
示例报告配置类
# conftest.py
def pytest_configure(config):config._metadata["测试类型"] = "单元测试"config._metadata["Python版本"] = "3.9"def pytest_html_report_title(report):report.title = "博客系统测试报告"
高级配置(截取失败用例截图)
# conftest.py
@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):outcome = yieldreport = outcome.get_result()if report.when == "call" and report.failed:html = "<div><img src='data:image/png;base64,...'/></div>"report.extra = [pytest_html.extras.html(html)]
练习题3:GitHub Actions每日构建
配置文件路径
.github/workflows/daily-build.yml
name: Daily Buildon:schedule:- cron: '0 0 * * *' # 每天UTC时间0点运行workflow_dispatch: # 允许手动触发jobs:build:runs-on: ubuntu-lateststeps:- name: Checkout codeuses: actions/checkout@v3- name: Set up Pythonuses: actions/setup-python@v4with:python-version: '3.10'- name: Install dependenciesrun: |python -m pip install --upgrade pippip install -r requirements.txtpip install pytest pytest-html- name: Run testsrun: pytest --html=report.html --cov=src- name: Upload reportuses: actions/upload-artifact@v3with:name: test-reportpath: report.html- name: Codecov integrationuses: codecov/codecov-action@v3with:token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
关键配置说明:
-
定时触发器:使用cron表达式控制执行频率
-
多Python版本支持:修改
python-version
矩阵 -
依赖缓存优化:
- name: Cache dependenciesuses: actions/cache@v3with:path: ~/.cache/pipkey: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt') }}
-
邮件通知:添加失败通知配置
- name: Send emailif: failure()uses: dawidd6/action-send-mail@v3with:server_address: smtp.example.comserver_port: 587username: ${{ secrets.MAIL_USERNAME }}password: ${{ secrets.MAIL_PASSWORD }}subject: 每日构建失败通知body: 测试用例执行失败,请及时处理!to: dev-team@example.com
验证实施效果
测试报告示例
<!-- report.html -->
<html><head><title>博客系统测试报告</title><style>/* 自动生成样式 */</style></head><body><h1>测试覆盖率 92%</h1><table><tr><th>模块</th><th>覆盖率</th></tr><tr><td>blog.py</td><td>100%</td></tr><tr><td>comment.py</td><td>85%</td></tr></table><h2>失败用例追踪</h2><div class="log">AssertionError: 预期8,实际得到9</div></body>
</html>
以上实现方案具有以下生产级特性:
-
错误追踪:在测试报告中直接显示失败代码上下文
-
环境隔离:使用虚拟环境保证测试纯净性
-
敏感信息保护:通过GitHub Secrets管理凭证
-
执行效率优化:并行测试执行配置
strategy:matrix:python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]fail-fast: false
建议将代码分阶段实施,每个功能点完成后运行完整测试套件,确保系统稳定性。