拉曼操作维护使用手册（中英文对照）

1 INTRODUCTION 介绍
This document contains information needed to install and operate the Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA). The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, however, inaccuracies and omissions of pertinent information are possible. Customers are cautioned to use the equipment and documentation with care.
此份资料包含激光气体分析仪安装和操作所需要的信息.此信息确保准确可靠,然而,也有可能存在不精确或遗漏信息. 请您在应用设备时详细阅读本手册信息.
The system and components described herein are designed for industrial use only. Under no circumstances should this equipment be used for human medical monitoring, diagnosis and/or treatment; nor should it used for, or as part of, any life support or life sustaining system.
此使用手册所描速系统和零部件仅适用于工业用途.在任何情况下,此设备都不能用于医疗检测,诊断和治疗,或和支持和维护生命系统.
The LGA is designed to analyze industrial atmospheres for gas composition. The system includes electrically powered equipment that is used to sample toxic, flammable, possibly explosive gases and uses high-pressure gas cylinders for calibration. Persons intending to operate this equipment should be trained on how to safely manage the inherent hazards involved in such applications.
LGA 被设计为分析工业大气压的气体成份.此系统包括采集有毒,易
燃,易爆气体的电源设备.气体成份由高压气缸内气体校准. 关于如何安全处理操作中产生的危险情况,必须对操作人员培训.

System service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
系统维护需要一位有电子仪表维护经验的人,需配备合适的工具和测试工具.建议所有涉及LGA的维护人员接受LGA安全培训.至少要掌握美国国家安全适用激光标准------ANSI Z136.1-2000的信息.
In no event shall Atmosphere Recovery, Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of, or inability to use, the product or documentation. Product names mentioned within this document are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
任何情况下,由于不能够按照操作手册指导进行操作导致的直接,间接或突发事故,Atmosphere Recovery, Inc.均不承担责任.此份文件中所提及的产品名称仅用于特定目的,如商标或注册商标.
1.1 LGA WARRANTY LGA保证
This product is sold by Atmosphere Recovery, Inc. (ARI) only under the warranties set forth in the following paragraphs. Such warranties are extended only with respect to the purchase of this product directly from ARI. Oral statements about the LGA unit and/or system do not constitute warranties, shall not be relied on by the buyer or user, and are not
part of any warranty extended by ARI.
Atmosphere Recovery, Inc.仅在满足(ARI)条件下售出产品:需从ARI直接采购.关于LGA系统的口头陈述均不构成担保,不能成为购买者或使用者的依据.
ARI’s warrantees do not apply to any units/parts damaged from misuse, negligence, accidents, incorrect electrical connections, repairs or alterations by the user. ARI does not warranty the fitness of the analyzer and/or system for any particular purpose.
由于使用者的错误应用,疏忽,意外,不正确的电源连接,维修或更换部件导致的单元或部件的损坏,均不能成为ARI公司的担保对象.
ARI warrants that the Laser Gas Analyzer is free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, ARI will, at its discretion, repair or replace any defective component. ARI will install such components only if the unit is returned to ARI’s office.
AIR确保在发货后一年内LGA的材料和设备正常.在保证期内,ARI公司将审慎的对出现故障的部件进行维修更换.故障部件需送到ARI公司维修.
LGA Systems include equipment manufactured by others and resold by ARI. Such equipment is covered by the manufacturer’s warrantees. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for warranty information.
LGA系统中所包含的由其他生产商制造的设备,均由生产商担保.请参考担保信息.
1.2 SERVICE AND REPAIR POLICY服务和维修政策
Warranty repair and service must be performed by an ARI Service Representative or at ARI’s manufacturing facility. When ARI’s warranty is not applicable, repairs are made at ARI’s current list price for replacement parts plus a reasonable labor charge. In either case, all shipping costs are the responsibility of the purchaser.
担保服务必须由ARI维修人员使用ARI的制造工具进行操作.当ARI担保不适用时,由ARI提供维修,按现行价格清单收取替换部件和合理的人工费用. 任何情况下，运输费用由购买方承担。
Parts listed in this manual may be repaired or replaced by competent, trained persons experienced in repairing devices of this nature. We recommend that only factoryauthorized replacement parts be used.
使用手册中的部件清单要求有能力的,受过培训和在维修设备方面有经验的人来更改或替换.我们建议使用工厂授权的替换部件.
Detailed information for extensive repairs is included in this manual solely for the convenience of users having proper knowledge, tools, and test equipment, and for service representatives trained by ARI.
用户手册包含详细信息和更多的维修信息,方便用户和ARI培训的维护人员掌握有用的知识,工具和测试设备.
1.3 LGA PACKAGING AND RETURN PROCEDURELGA包装和返修过程
Contact ARI for a Returned Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number prior to shipping the system or any components back to ARI.
在将LGA系统或部件发回ARI公司前,请联系ARI索取返修商品授权号.
The system should be packaged securely using the original shipping materials. If these materials are not available, contact ARI for a replacement and/or packaging instructions.
返修产品包装需使用原始运输材料,若无原始包装材料,请联系ARI寻求替代品.
1.4 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE技术支持和维护
For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers or web address shown on the front cover of this manual.
为获取技术支持,请联系ARI技术支持部门.联系方式和网址见手册首页.
2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 系统概述
The Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA) is a self-contained gas sampler/analyzer that uses the principles of Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify gaseous compounds. The unit’s internal vacuum pump continuously extracts sample gas from the source and passes it through the unit’s laser-gas cell. Compound concentrations are determined by analysis of the scattered-light produced by interaction between the unit’s laser beam and the molecular compounds within the sample. The analyzer is a PC-based system and its operation is controlled via software. Chapter 9 presents a detailed description of the analyzer.
LGA采用拉曼衍射原理,分析气体成份.单元内部真空泵,从源头连续采集样气,通过单元激光气体介质传送. 单元的激光束和样气中的混合分子相互作用,形成分析仪的散射光,用于确定混合气体的浓度.分析仪是以PC为基础的系统,通过软件进行操作.关于分析仪的具体描述见第九章.
Figure 2a presents the eight gas compounds measured by LGA System 36. The analyzer’s external components are shown in Figures 2b and 2c.
如图二所示,lGA系统36所测量的八种气体成份. 分析仪外部部件如图2b,2c所示.

气体种类气体方程式
1 一氧化碳 CO
2 水蒸气 H2O
3 氢气 H2
4 氧气 O2
5 氮气 N2
6 二氧化碳 CO2
7 甲烷 CH4
8 碳氢化合物 CXHY
Figure 2a: Measured Gas Compounds

Figure 2b: Analyzer Front Panel

Figure 2c: Analyzer Back Panel

3 SETUP NOTES 安装提示
This chapter describes the items necessary to get the analyzer operating.
如何操作分析仪,请看本章提供的必要条款.
3.1 INSTALLATION LOCATION 安装地点
The Laser Gas Analyzer is desktop unit that should be placed on a flat, horizontal surface. The unit should be installed in a clean, draft-free location that is maintained at a relatively constant temperature (60 to 90 °F).
激光气体分析仪是一个水平单元,需放置于水平表面.此单元需安装、清洁的地点,保持持续的环境温度在华氏60到90度.
3.2 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 电源连接
All electrical connectors are located on the analyzer’s back panel.
所有电源连接器位于分析仪背面板…
3.2.1 ELECTRICAL POWER 电源
The analyzer requires a single 220 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 3 Ampere, Single Phase electrical circuit. A power input module (power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses) is located on the analyzer’s back panel.
分析仪需交流电220伏,50-60赫兹,3安培.电源输入模块(电源卡插口,电源开关和熔断器)位于分析仪的背面板.
3.2.2 COMPUTER & NETWORK CONNECTIONS 计算机和网络连接
The LGA’s back panel includes connectors for attaching standard PC input/output devices(monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.). The operator can access the LGA system computer locally via installed pc devices or remotely through a network connection using the remote control functions of Symantec’s pcAnywhere.
LGA背面板包括标准的PC输入和输出装置(监视器,键盘,鼠标等).操作人员可通过当地pc装置或远程网络连接,实现监控功能
3.3 PLUMBING CONNECTIONS 管道连接
The analyzer requires four types of gas plumbing connections: sample gas, calibration gases, analyzer exhaust gas and optics protection gas.
分析仪有四种气体管道连接:样气,校准气体,分析仪排出气和光学器件保护气.
3.3.1 SAMPLE & CALIBRATION GAS CONNECTIONS 采样和标气浓度
The analyzer has a single gas-inlet-port located on its front panel.
Gases connected to this port must be:
分析仪有一个单输入气体口,位于前面板.通过气体口的气体需满足:

Filtered (1.0 micron absolute)
Non-Condensing at ambient temperature and pressure
Flow regulated (nominal 250 ml/min)
Pressure Limited (within 10 in WC of ambient pressure)
1)过滤 (1.0微米)
2)在环境温度和压力下无凝结
3)调整流量(正常情况为250ml/min)
4)压力限制(环境压力下10毫米水柱以内)

The analyzer does not include auto-calibration. Sample and calibration gas sources must share the analyzer’s single inlet port. The various sources can be connected one at a time or more permanently via a User-supplied valve/manifold system.
分析仪不包括自动标定.采样和标定气源需共享分析仪的单输入气体口.各种气源可通过用户提供的阀门/ 多气源管系统同时间连接.
For each line, ARI recommends using one continuous length of 1/8” stainless steel tubing from analyzer to source. This will minimize sample contamination do to fitting leaks and tubing material adsorption, desorption and permeation. Use non-metal ferrules to reduce crimping of the small-diameter, thin-wall tubing; nylon or Teflon ferrules for room temperature connections; carbon ferrules for high temperature connections.
对于每根气源管线,ARI建议从分析仪到源头间使用1/8”不锈钢管连接.这将会最小化样气污染导致的装置泄露和管道材料的吸附及渗透.使用金属箍应减少直径管壁薄的管道变形;尼龙或聚四氟乙烯材质的箍适合室内温度条件;碳材质的箍用于高温条件.
Sample gas is generally drawn from a source operating near ambient pressure. Calibration gases are obtained from high-pressure cylinders. Regardless of the source, all gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities.
通常在接近环境压力的操作源抽取样气.标定气体从高压气缸获得.所有气体传送到分析仪的过程中不能影响分析仪内部流量/压力调节的能力.
3.3.2 EXHAUST PORT 排气口
The analyzer’s exhaust port (front panel) discharges a small (typically < 1 lpm), but steady stream of process and/or calibration gases. The exhaust gases should be directed to an appropriate location by means of a scavenging system that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities.
位于前面板的分析仪排气口排放少量的(typically < 1 lpm),但稳定的过程流/标定气体.通过污气排除系统直接将气体排放到合适位置,且不能影响分析仪内部流量/压力调节的能力.
3.3.3 OPTICS GAS PORT 光学器件气体口
The analyzer optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a pair of “air” dams. These air dams typically use 20 ml/min (10 ml/min each) of gas drawn-in from the optics gas port (hose barb on the analyzer’s rear panel).
通过直接接触样气流所形成的两道气体墙,分析仪的光学器件得到保护.此气体墙使用从光学器件气体口(软管的倒钩位于分析仪背面板)抽入的气体,流量为20 ml/min (10 ml/min)
If the analyzer is operated in a relatively clean environment, such as an office or laboratory, the unit can generally operate satisfactorily using “room air” as the air dam supply. In such cases, there is no connection to the optics gas port.
若分析仪在相对清洁的环境下工作,如办公室或实验室,分析仪可使用室内空气为气体墙(保护气), 在此情况下,不要连接光学器件气体口.
If the analyzer is to be operated in a “dirty” environment, then a source of clean gas needs to be connected to the LGA’s optics gas port. Nitrogen is the preferred gas, but any clean, non-hazardous gas will work. The gas must be connected to the optics gas port in a manner that does not pressurize the LGA.
若分析仪在不清洁的环境下工作,则需将干净气体接入光学器件气体口.氮气为理想气体,但任何干净无危害的气体都可以应用.气体必需以不给LGA增加压力的前提下连接到光学器件气体口.
3.4 INITIAL STARTUP 安装启动
The following checklist describes the initial startup procedure.
ARI’s manufacturing facility is located in Plymouth, Minnesota, where local atmospheric pressure fluctuates around 738 mm Hg (98.4 kPa). The analyzer was run, tested and shipped with the analyzer’s operating pressure set to 632±10 mm Hg (84.3±1.3 kPa). The analytical cell pressure at which the system operates must be set to local conditions prior to sampling any process gases.
如下表格显示的为初始过程
ARI制造厂位于明尼苏达的Plymouth,当地大气压在738mmHg(98.4 kPa)左右浮动.分析仪运行,测试和运输时,将操作压力设定为632±10 mm Hg (84.3±1.3 kPa).在采集任何一种过程气体前,分析介质压力需设定为当地条件下的环境压力.
序号描述参考
1 选择压力和温度的工程单位屏幕SysCfg 7.2部分
2 检查棱镜和介质温度在正常操作范围之内(104 – 106 °F)空气入口过滤器位于分析仪背面板底部中央,控制流量防止过冷.若单元处于热的区域,则需移出一块或两块流动板盘,若单元转移到凉爽的工作区,需将流动板盘重新安装上. 屏幕 Analog 9.10 to 9.10.2部分
3 确定当地大气压力,校正介质压力传感器的标定. 9.8.1部分
4 确定和确定标准介质压力值:标准介质压力应设定为106 mm Hg(14.1 kPa),低于当地大气压. 屏幕 Cal-FP 7.8部分
5 调整介质压力以便分析仪运行在标准介质压力下屏幕 Cal-FP 7.8部分
6 调整样气流速:打开泵,采集室内相对干净的空气,调整阀的开度获得 250 ml/min的流速. 屏幕 Mainor/ ManCtrl
7 零气标定警告:不要给分析仪加压,标定气体在零压(250 – 350 ml/min flow)下被传送至分析仪. 屏幕 Cal-Z 7.4 部分
8 气体标定范围警告:不要给分析仪加压,标定气体在零压(250 – 350 ml/min flow)下被传送至分析仪. 屏幕 Cal-S 7.5部分
图 2e: 启动过程

4 COMPUTER & SOFTWARE 计算机和软件
The LGA system is a pc-based control system and its operation is controlled via software. The system computer is located within the Laser Gas Analyzer. It includes a standard pc motherboard, processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, video card, network card(s), serial, parallel and USB ports. The operating system is Microsoft Corporation’s Windows2000. One custom ISA circuit board connects the pc with the LGA analytical hardware. This board includes a watchdog timing circuit to reboot the system should operating system or the LGA application lockup.
LGA系统基于计算机基础控制系统,通过软件进行操作.计算机系统安装于LGA系统内.他包括标准计算机主板,中央处理器(CPU), 随机存取存储器 (RAM),硬盘驱动和显卡,网卡,串口并口和USB接口.操作系统采用的微软公司的Windows2000.用户ISA电路板用分析仪的分析硬件连接到计算机. 此板包括看门狗电路板来重启系统或锁住LGA 的应用.
The operator can access the LGA system computer through locally installed pc devices(monitor, keyboard, mouse) or through a network connection using the remote control functions of Symantec’s pcAnywhere. Real-time analytical results are displayed in tabular and graphical formats on the system’s human-machine interface. Historical data can be viewed graphically or exported to tabular form for viewing in the user’s spreadsheet or database software. The system can operate as a DDE Server, OPC Server and/or OPC Client to provide data connectivity to user’s facility or other equipment.
操作者可通过当地计算机装置(监视器,键盘,鼠标)或通过网络使用系统远程控制功能进入LGA系统…实时分析结果会以列表或图表形式显示在系统的人机界面上. 通过电子表格或数据库软件,可以查看历史数据, 以图表或列表的方式显示.系统可作为DDE Server, OPC Server and/or OPC Client操作来为用户的系统或其他设备提供连续数据.
System software is provided to the User in compact disk (CD) format and pre-installed on the LGA unit’s hard drive. One licensed copy of each of the following four (4) software packages is included with the LGA system:
系统软件以光盘(CD)的形式提供给用户,并提前安装在LGA单元的硬盘中.使用LGA系统需拷贝四个软件包,包括:

Think & Do: software for developing and running process control applications
1)Think & Do:过程控制应用
Canary Labs: data logging and trend display package
Canary Labs:数据记录和趋势显示
pcAnywhere: remote control package\
pcAnywhere:远程控制
Auto-Start Manager: startup scheduling package
Auto-Start Manager:启动目录
4.1 THINK & DO
Think & Do is a powerful, intuitive, software package for developing and running process control applications on Microsoft Windows-based platforms. It includes self-documenting, flow-chart logic programming, an integrated HMI (human-machine interface) and numerous I/O drivers. Electronic documentation is provided via the program’s help files.
Think&Do是一个功能强大的,直观的操作于微软视窗操作平台的发展和运行过程控制应用的软件包.包括自动文档生成,逻辑程序流程图和完整的人机界面,以及一定数量的I/O装置.程序的帮助文件提供电子文档.
The version of Think & Do supplied with the LGA system is an OEM product that does not give the User access to Think & Do’s technical support services. Questions regarding the Think & Do program and/or the LGA application should be directed to ARI’s technical support services.
LGA系统的版本是由OEM提供, 不提供此软件的技术维护支持.相关于Think&Do程序和LGA应用的问题请直接联系ARI的技术支持.
The LGA operating program is a Think & Do application that uses standard Think & Do drivers along with a custom LGA driver developed by Think & Do for ARI. The complete source code for the LGA application is included on the unit’s hard drive and User has the option of modifying (adding alarms, controlling other devices, altering the display, etc.) the standard program to meet User specific requirements. However, since User program modifications could alter the LGA unit’s performance/reliability and make ARI servicing of the system more difficult, such modified programs, and any damages caused by them, are
not covered under ARI warranty.
LGA操作程序由Think & Do提供标准Think & Do和驱动.LGA应用的完整原始代码包含于单元硬盘驱动.用户可以更改(添加报警,控制其他装置,更改显示等),标准程序满足用户要求.然而,由于对程序修改导致LGA单元的性能/可靠度的更改,使ARI的维护更加困难,此类被更改的程序及任何由此产生的损失,ARI公司不承担责任.
Think & Do includes the following components:
Think & Do包括如下内容:
Think & Do RunTime (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDRT.exe): The LGA System control program is a Think & Do application. RunTime executes (or runs) the compiled application. The LGA program will stop if the RunTime program is shutdown.
Think & Do RunTime(c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDRT.exe):LGA系统控制程序为Think & Do, RunTime执行编译应用.若RunTime停止,LGA程序运行终止.
Think & Do ScreenView (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDSV.exe): ScreenView is the operator interface or HMI (human-machine interface). It gives the User access to numerous screens related to system configuration, system control and data presentation. The ScreenView title bar (at top of screen) includes the program name (ScreenView), the application name (LGAxxxxx, where xxxxx is the version number) and the name of the current screen (such as Main).
Think & Do ScreenView (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDSV.exe):视屏为人机界面或操作界面. 相关系统组态,系统控制和数据显示相关的屏幕可由操作人员控制. The ScreenView的标签(屏幕顶端)包括程序名称(ScreenView),应用名称(LGAxxxxx, where xxxxx is the version number)和当前屏幕名称(如 Main).
Think & Do OPC Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDOPC.exe): OPC is a method for data exchange between Windows-based programs. The Canary logger gets data from RunTime via OPC. In some installations, OPC is also used for data exchange between RunTime, other plant equipment, and various factory data acquisition systems.
Think & Do OPC Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDOPC.exe): OPC是基于windows操作基础上的程序间数据转换的方式. Canary logger通过OPC从RunTime获得数据.在一些安装中,OPC也用于RunTime,其他工厂设备和各种工厂数据采集系统间的数据转换.
Think & Do DDE Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TND2DDE.exe): DDE is another(older) method for data exchange between Windows-based programs. In some installations, DDE is used for data exchange between RunTime, other plant equipment, and various factory data acquisition systems.
Think & Do DDE Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TND2DDE.exe): DDE是另外一种基于windows操作基础上的程序间数据转换的方式. 在一些安装中,DDE也用于RunTime,其他工厂设备和各种工厂数据采集系统间的数据转换.

4.2 CANARY LABS CANARY LABS
The Canary Labs software package includes a data logger and Trend-Link display application. Electronic documentation is provided via program help files.
Canary Labs软件包包括数据记录和Trend-Link显示.程序帮助文件提供电子文档.
The Canary Labs’ data logger obtains values from the Think & Do LGA application via OPC. The parameters to be logged (written to a disk file) and the frequency of logging is User configurable. The Trend Link application displays the logged data (real-time and/or historic) in a graphical format. It can also filter and export logged data for viewing in User’s spreadsheet or database software.
通过Think & Do ,LGA的OPC应用获得Canary Labs的数据记录.需标定的参数和标定频率是由用户定义的. Trend Link的应用记录数据(实时的/历史的)显示在图表中.他可以过滤和输出记录数据,显示在用户电子表格和数据库软件中.
The Trend Link application is a Visual Basic program for which the complete source code is included. User’s familiar with Visual Basic can use the Canary Labs provided Active-X components to create custom displays.
Trend Link应用包含完整源代码Visual Basic程序.用户熟悉Visual Basic程序,可运用提供了Active-X软件的Canary Labs来创造用户显示.
Since each User’s application is unique and each User has his own idea of what data is important and how it is to be visualized, the base LGA unit includes only a simple datalogging/ trend-display package. User can easily expand ARI’s example to satisfy Userspecific requirements or contract ARI to develop a custom package.
由于用户操作的差异LGA单元的基础包括唯一的数据记录/ trend-display包.用户可以很容易的扩展ARI的范例来满足用户不同需求或同ARI订约研发顾客所需软件包.
4.3 PC-ANYWHERE
pcAnywhere is a software package that allows one computer to remotely control another computer. The computers can be linked by network cables, modem lines, etc. Electroni documentation is provided via the program’s help files.
pcAnywhere是一个软件包,使得一台计算机可以远程控制另外一台计算机.也可通过网络电缆,调制解调器等来连接计算机. 程序帮助文件提供电子文档.
Many LGA systems are located on the plant floor without video display, keyboard or mouse. With the LGA unit connected to the plant’s network and configured as a pcAnywhere Host, control of the LGA system can be initiated from any computer on the network configured as a pcAnywhere Remote.
许多LGA系统安装于工厂,没有显示屏,键盘或鼠标. 通过连接到工厂网络上的LGA单元可作为pcAnywhere Host来组态,对LGA系统的控制可通过任何一台网络内的计算机进行初始化,也可作为pcAnywhere Host组态.

Additionally, User can possibly avoid expensive service calls by allowing a pcAnywhere Remote at ARI’s office to view/control the LGA system’s operation for diagnostic purposes via modem or internet connections (VPN: virtual private network).
另外,通过调制解调器和网络连接,用户可通过ARI办公室内的a pcAnywhere远程控制LGA系统运行,从而进行诊断避免高昂的服务费用.
4.4 AUTO-START MANAGER 自动启动管理
When the Windows operating system starts up (boots), it takes some time for the system to checkout its resources and establish network connections. In order to ensure that the LGArelated programs start properly, Auto Start Manager is used to control program startup order and timing. Electronic documentation for Auto Start Manager is provided via its help files.
当Windows 系统启动是,需花一定时间自检和连接网络.为确保lGA相关程序正常启动,自动启动管理用于控制程序启动顺序和时间. 程序帮助文件提供自动启动管理的电子文档.

Auto Start Manager starts the LGA-related programs in the following order:
自动启动管理LGA相关程序的顺序如下:

Think & Do Runtime and LGA Application
Think & Do OPC Server
Canary Labs Data Logger
Canary Labs Trend-Link Application
Think & Do Runtime 和LGA 应用
Think & Do OPC Server
Canary Labs 数据记录
Canary Labs Trend-Link 应用

4.5 LGA/PLANT REAL-TIME DATA EXCHANGE LGA/工厂实时数据转换
Many LGA systems need to exchange data with I/O devices and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) type software. For this purpose, the standard LGA software package includes both OPC and DDE Servers. The LGA application can be also be modified to include serial communications (using various protocols) and OPC Client functionality.
许多LGA系统需要用I/O装置和Supervisory Control或Data Acquisition (SCADA) type software来转换数据.为此,标准LGA软件包包括OPC 和DDE Servers.LGA的应用也可修改为包括串口通讯(应用各种协议)和OPC客户功能.
4.5.1 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 通信技术
OPC is a Client/Server technology that enables the exchange of data between various sources (devices, data bases, applications) created by many different vendors. It provides seamless and transparent data exchange between multiple sources. OPC is ARI’s communication mechanism of choice.
OPC采用Client/Server技术,使得不同厂家生产的不同种类的装置,数据,应用之间可以互相转换.在多元化的信息源之间转化数据.OPC是ATI的通信的首选.
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) is another Client/Server technology that enables the exchange of data between Windows applications. While similar to OPC in its objective, DDE is not an “open” standard, and it uses older technology less suited to process control.
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)是另一种Client/Server技术,可以在Windows应用平台上进行数据转化.转化结果和OPC类似,但DDE并非“open”标准,他使用旧的技术,不太适合过程控制.
While highly reliable, serial communications (RS-232, RS422, RS485) rely on numerous communication protocols that can make it difficult for one device brand to exchange data with a different device brand. LGA systems have communicated over many serial busses and can be programmed to use other proprietary busses, providing that the serial protocol is available. Serial communications generally work very well, but they can require considerable programming time and they are not as “open” or as easily modified as OPC.
串口通讯(RS-232, RS422, RS485)依赖无数的通讯协议,使得不同品牌数据很难转换,因而更加可靠.LGA系统通过串口总线通信,也可为适当总线编程,可以提供串口协议.大体来讲串口通信非常好,但需要一定的编程时间,且不像OPC那样的容易修改.
A data exchange server is an executable file defined for a specific device. The LGA data servers (OPC & DDE) make LGA application data available to any compatible plant-side data acquisition system. The LGA program contains more than 10,000 variables; most of which are of no interest to the end user as they are used for internal control and calculations. Pertinent tag names are presented in the next section.

数据转换服务是一个有特殊装置定义的可执行文件.LGA数据服务器(OPC & DDE)使得LGA应用数据提供给任何可兼容的数据获取系统.LGA程序包括多于10,000种的变量;与用于内部控制和计算相比,多数变量对终端用户无太大影响.标签名称在下一部分显示.
Serial communications and data exchange using LGA’s OPC Client both require modifications to the LGA’s program (application). Contact ARI if you require this functionality.
串口通信和使用LGA OPC Client的数据转化均要求修改LGA程序(应用).若需要此功能,请联系ARI.
4.5.2 LGA TAGNAMES
The list of gas compounds measured by the LGA system is contained in Chapter 2. Figures 4a through 4c present the base set of tag names applicable to all LGA systems. Contact ARI if you require tag names for additional parameters.
LGA系统测得的混合气体列表包含于第二章,图表4a到4c中的标签名称适用于所有lGA系统.若需要更多参数的标签,请联系ARI.

当前系统状态数据
标签名称数据类型描述
Sys_OperatingMode_Current 16-bit Signed Integer 当前操作模式
Timer_ModeDuration 32-bit Signed Integer 实时变量
LaserVolt_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 激光强度单位:伏特
LaserPercent_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 激光强度显示百分比
CellPressure_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 介质压力, mm Hg or kPa
AnalyzerFlow_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 分析仪气体流速, ml/min
DewPointAtCell_Xsec 32-bit Floating Point 介质露点温度, °F or °C
DewPointAtSource_Xsec 32-bit Floating Point 气源露点温度, °F or °C
LgaWarningCode 16-bit Signed Integer 警告码(16 flags)
LgaFaultCode 16-bit Signed Integer 错误码 (16 flags)
Figure 4a: Tagnames, Current Status

当前分析数据
标签名称数据类型描述
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_01 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #1, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_02 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #2, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_03 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #3, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_04 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #4, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_05 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #5, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_06 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #6, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_07 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #7, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_08 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #8, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_09 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #9, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_10 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度#10, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_11 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #11, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_12 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #12, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_13 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #13, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_14 Floating Point 气体浓度 #14, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_15 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #15, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_16 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #16, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_Total_08 32-bit Floating Point 气体总量1 - 8, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_Total_16 32-bit Floating Point 气体总量 1 - 16, % vol
Figure 4b: Tagnames, Current Analysis as % Volume

当前分析数据
标签名称数据类型描述
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_01 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #1, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_02 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #2, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_03 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #3, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_04 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #4, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_05 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #5, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_06 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度#6, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_07 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #7, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_08 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #8, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_09 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度#9, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_10 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #10, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_11 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #11, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_12 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度#12, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_13 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #13, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_14 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度#14, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_15 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #15, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_16 32-bit Floating Point 气体浓度 #16, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_Total_08 32-bit Floating Point 气体总量 1 - 8, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_Total_16 32-bit Floating Point 气体总量 1 - 16, ppm
Figure 4c: Tagnames, Current Analysis as PPMV

5 USER INTERFACE 用户界面
The software interface includes numerous screens which display system information and/or allow the User to set configuration parameters. Screen names in this document are displayed in bold italics (such as Main). User configurable parameters are generally displayed in yellow colored text.
用户界面包括众多的显示屏,显示系统信息,允许用户设定组态参数.屏幕名称在文档里显示为粗斜体字(如Main).用户组态参数通常显示为黄色文本.
It is assumed that the User/Operator of this system is familiar with the operation of Windows-based computers. Screen descriptions may include statements about pressing a displayed button. Unless a touch-screen monitor is attached to the system, this means put the mouse cursor over the button and click.
一般用户/此系统操作人员能够熟练使用Windows操作系统.屏幕描述可能包括一个显示按钮的描述.除非触摸屏的监视器连接到系统上,则可以使用鼠标点击按钮.
The operator controls the LGA System primarily through the screens available via ScreenView (section 4.1). When the LGA program starts up, ScreenView displays screen Main, which presents the current state of the analyzer and includes a button for accessing the analyzer’s menu.
操作人员可通过ScreenView (section 4.1)控制LGA系统.当LGA程序启动ScreenView显示Main,代表分析仪当前状态和所有可控制分析仪菜单的按钮.
Screen Menu is the gateway for control of the LGA System. It gives the User access to numerous screens regarding system configuration, calibration and diagnostics. Access to the Menu screen is normally password protected to prevent unauthorized changes in system operation. When the correct password is entered, User has seven seconds to press the“Menu” button, before the password must be re-entered.
屏幕菜单是控制LGA系统的大门.操作者接触许多的和系统组态、标定、诊断相关的屏幕.接触菜单屏幕一般需通过密码验证,以防非授权者对操作系统进行更改.当输入正确口令,用户有几秒中的时间按下菜单“Menu”_按钮.
5.1 SCREEN: MAIN 屏幕:主菜单
Screen Main presents an overview of the current state of the system. It is functionally divided into three sections:

System Status
Gas Analysis
Menu Access
屏幕Main显示了系统当前状态的总貌.按功能划分为三点:
系统状态
气体分析仪
菜单入口

5.1.1 SYSTEM STATUS 系统状态
The status light indicates the overall state of the system:
Green: System OK Yellow: Warning Conditions exist red;fault conditions exist
状态灯指示了系统状态全貌:
绿:系统正常
黄:报警条件存在
红:错误状态存在
The status light also functions as a RESET button when the light is not green. Pressing the RESET button clears current error messages. Some error conditions are tested continuously and some are tested only when certain events occur. Error messages will return if the fault condition exists when tested.
当状态灯非绿色时,状态灯也具备重启按钮功能.按下RESET按钮清除当前错误信息.一些错误条件持续被测试,也有些仅在特定事件发生时测试.当测试到错误条件存在,显示错误信息.
The mode block displays which mode (section 6.1) the system is operating in.
模式模块显示系统正运行的模式(section 6.1)
The message block displays information describing the current warnings and faults.
信息模块显示当前警报或错误信息.

                  Figure 5a: Screen Main

Various parameter values and device states (Green = On, Gray = Off) are displayed.
显示各种参数值和设备状态(绿色=开,灰色=关)
The displayed units of temperature and pressure can be changed on screen SysCfg (section 7.2):
显示温度和压力单元，可在SysCfg (section 7.2)上更改设定值

degrees Fahrenheit and millimeters of mercury or
degrees Centigrade and kilopascal
1)华氏刻度和毫米汞柱
2)摄氏刻度和千帕
5.1.2 CURRENT GAS ANALYSIS 当前气体分析
This section displays the results of the current gas analysis. The displayed gas compound label can be toggled between compound name and compound formula by clicking on the displayed label. The displayed gas concentration units can be toggled between percent volume (% Vol) and
parts per million (ppmv) by clicking on the displayed units.
此部分显示当期气体分析结果,可以通过点击显示的气体混合物的标签(位于混合物名称和混合物方程式之间)操作,通过点击显示的气体浓度单元(位于百分比容量和ppm之间标签)查看气体浓度.
5.1.3 MENU ACCESS 进入菜单
The Menu button is designed to bring up screen Menu. If password protection is active, the Menu button will only function after the password has been correctly entered.
按下菜单按钮,屏幕显现Menu.若密码保护被激活,在密码被正确输入后,菜单按钮开始工作.
5.2 SCREEN: MENU 屏幕:MENU
The Menu screen is the gateway for control of the LGA System. It is divided into the following sections:
屏幕:MENU是进入控制LGA系统的大门.分为如下步骤:
Analyzer Operation: The screens listed in this section are used for configuring and controlling the LGA system. The individual screens are discussed in Chapter 6.
1)分析仪操作:屏幕所显示的部分用于组态和控制LGA系统.个别的屏幕在第六章详述.
Analyzer Calibration: The screens listed in this section relate to calibration of the Laser Gas Analyzer. They are discussed in Chapter 7.
分析仪的标定:屏幕所显示相关LGA分析仪的标定.在第七章详述.
Analyzer Diagnostics: These screens, which present information on the internal operations of the Laser Gas Analyzer, are useful when diagnosing analyzer problems. The individual screens are discussed in Chapter 8.
3)分析仪的诊断:屏幕显示了分析仪内部操作信息,对于诊断分析仪故障提供支持.个别屏幕在第八章详述.

Figure 5b: Screen Menu
6 ANALYZER OPERATION & SETUP PARAMETERS分析仪的操作和参数设定
This chapter discusses LGA system operation and the various setup parameters used to control it.
本章介绍了LGA系统的操作和多种参数的设定.
6.1 OPERATING MODES 操作模式
The LGA System has six operating modes: Warm-up, Standby, Auto-Sample, Barometer, Manual Control and Manual Calibration.
LGA系统有六种操作模式:预热,准备,自动采样,气压计,手动控制和手动标定.
6.1.1 WARM-UP MODE预热模式
The gas analysis cell in the Laser Gas Analyzer is designed to operate at an elevated temperature (around 105 ºF or 40.6 ºC). When the LGA program starts up, the system operates in Warm-up Mode until the cell has been heated to its minimum-operating temperature. While operating in Warm-up Mode, the analysis is flagged as invalid and the gas concentrations are displayed in gray text.
LGA内的气体分析介质需在温度105 ºF 或 40.6 ºC左右操作.当LGA程序启动,系统进入预热模式直到介质被加热到其最小操作温度.当操作处于预热模式,气体浓度显示在灰色文本.
Warm-up Mode has a minimum duration of fifteen seconds. An error message will be displayed if the warm-up period exceeds twelve minutes. The system shifts into Auto- Sampling Mode when Warm-up Mode is completed.
预热模式有一个最小持续时间为15秒.若预热过程超过12分钟,将有错误信息显示.当预热模式完成,系统直接进入自动采样模式.
6.1.2 STANDBY MODE 准备模式
Standby Mode occurs when a major fault condition exists. The analysis is flagged as invalid and the gas concentrations are displayed in gray text.
当失败条件存在,进入准备模式, 气体浓度显示在灰色文本.

6.1.3 AUTO-SAMPLING MODE 自动采样模式
In Auto-Sampling mode, the LGA continuously samples and analyses the gas connected to the unit’s sample port. This is the system’s normal operating mode.
在自动采样模式下,分析仪连续采样并分析气体,是系统正常的操作模式.
6.1.4 BAROMETER MODE 气压计模式
The analyzer needs to know the local atmospheric pressure in order to convert measured moisture content into dew point temperature. Barometer mode lasts approximately 20 seconds per occurrence.
气体分析仪需知道当地大气压以便将测得的湿度含量转换为露点温度.气压计模式运行一次时间大致为20秒.
6.1.5 MANUAL CONTROL MODE 手动控制模式
In Manual Mode, User can override the configured automatic operations. Manual Mode, which is performed from screen ManCtrl, is included in the LGA software primarily for calibration and diagnostic purposes.
在手动模式下,用户忽略自动组态操作.在ManCtrl下进行手动模式操作.
6.1.6 MANUAL CALIBRATION MODE 手动标定模式
Manual Calibration Mode is in effect whenever the system is in Manual Mode and the User is displaying screen Cal-Z (zero gas calibration) or Cal-S (span gas calibration).
无论系统在手动模式或Cal-Z (zero gas calibration) /Cal-S (span gas calibration) 上,手动标定模式均有效.
6.2 SETUP DATA 数据安装
General parameters required for LGA operation are configured via LGA screen Setup.
通常LGA操作所需参数通过LGA的Setup屏来组态.

Figure 6a: Screen Setup
6.2.1 GAS AVERAGING PERIOD 气体平均周期
Gas concentrations are calculated for two periods: one-second and a User specified period(1 to 60 seconds). The calculation procedures are discussed in section 8.1.
气体浓度的计算有两个周期:一秒种和用户指定周期(一到六十秒).计算步骤在8.1部分详述.
The sample-mode averaging period (typically: 5 - 15 seconds) is the default averaging period. The calibration-mode averaging period (typically: 10 - 30 seconds) is used when the operator displays the gas calibration screens.
采样模式平均周期(一般在5-15秒)是默认平均周期.标定模式平均周期(一般在10-30秒),显示在气体标定屏上.
6.2.2 LOCAL PRESSURE UPDATE 当地压力更新
The LGA uses the local atmospheric pressure in some of its calculations. This block is used to configure the frequency of local pressure updates (Barometer Mode, typically every60 minutes). An interval of zero disables local pressure updates.
LGA在一些计算中采用当地大气压力.此单元参数在当地大气压力下更新. (气压计模式, 每60分钟一次). 一个零的区间不能更新当地压力.
6.2.3 DEW POINT FAULT TEST 露点错误测试
The LGA and its sampling system must be protected from contact with liquids and condensable gases. All sampled gases must be “dry”; they must not contain any compounds that may condense at the LGA’s operating temperature and pressure. Liquids in the system will foul laser optics and adversely impact system valves, pumps and filters.
LGA和其采样系统必须得到保护防止接触液体和可凝结的气体.所有采得气体必须干燥,不能含有任何一种在LGA操作温度和压力下可能凝结的混合物.系统内存在液体将会污染光学器件,对系统的阀,泵和过滤器产生不利影响.
LGA systems that include a water vapor (H2O) detector will stop sampling if the measured dew point temperature exceeds the dew point fault temperature set in this block.
LGA系统包括水蒸气探测仪,当测得露点温度超出露点设定值,采样停止.

6.2.4 SOURCE OPERATING PRESSURE 源头的操作压力
The LGA measures gas concentration on a volume basis. In order to convert the concentration of water vapor into dew point temperature at the source, the system needs to know the pressure at the source. This block allows User to specify the source operating pressure (relative to atmosphere, default value is zero).
LGA测量一定容积的气体浓度.为将水蒸气浓度转换为源头的露点温度,系统需知道源头压力.此单元允许用户设定源头操作压力(相对大气压,缺省值为零).
6.2.5 CARRIER/MISSING GASES 运行/缺省气体
Carrier gases are defined as gas compounds in the sample gas that cannot be detected by the LGA. When the LGA gas analysis total is significantly less than 100%, either the unit is out of calibration, or carrier gases are present.
运行气体即样气中的不能被LGA探测到的气体混合物.当LGA气体总量严重低于100%,上述情况标定失败.
The LGA system measures sample gas flow rate with a mass-flow-rate sensor and uses the sample gas molecular weight (derived from the gas analysis) to convert the measured massflow into the system-required volumetric-flow. Depending on which compounds the LGA detects and which compounds are present in the sample gas, the LGA may or may not know the “complete” gas analysis.
LGA系统利用质量流量传感器测量样气流量,使用采样器分子重量将测得质量流量转化为系统所需的流量.LGA探测到的化合物

The Carrier Gas Table allows User to specify known carrier gas factors. Appropriate values should be entered if the LGA measured compounds represent a small fraction of the total gas present. Carrier gas concentrations © are determined from the User-defined carrier gas factors (F):
运行气表格向用户展示了运行气体因素.若测得混合气体代表所有气体总的最小比率,适当的数值将被确认.运行气体浓度©有用户定义的运行气因素(F)决定.

If “F” is greater than zero (positive), then the “C” is a fixed value equal to “F”.
Example: if “F” = +8.3, then “C” = 8.3 % (fixed value).
1)若“F”大于零(positive), “C”为固定值等于“F”
例如: 若“F” = +8.3, 则 “C” = 8.3 % (固定值).
If “F” is less than zero (negative), then “| F |” represents a percentage of the“missing” gas.
Example: if the measured analysis totals 84 % and “F” = -25,
then “C” = (100.0 – 84.0) x | -25.0 | / 100.0 = 4.0 % (dynamic value)
2)若“F”小于零(negative),那么“F”代表缺省气体的百分比.
例如:若测得分析总量为84%, “F” = -25,则“C” = (100.0 – 84.0) x | -25.0 | / 100.0 = 4.0 % (动态值)
Typically, most carrier gas factors are set to 0.00.
一般,多数运行气因素设定为0.00.
Note: LGA System 36 assumes that all missing gas is argon. This is accomplished by setting the argon carrier gas factor to –100. The argon concentration estimate will be greater than zero whenever the sum of gases 1 through 8 is less than 100. The argon estimate will equal zero whenever the sum is greater than or equal to 100.
注意:LGA系统36假定所有缺省气体为氩气.通过设定氩气运行气因素为–100来完成.当气体总量1-8小于100,氩气浓度估计大于零.当气体总量多于或等于100,氩气估计值为零.

6.2.6 LGA DATA LOG LGA的数据记录
The analyzer logs data (writes it to disk) on an elapsed time basis using the User defined interval. Each data-log-entry includes the results of the gas analysis and parameters defining the analyzer’s condition at the time of the analysis. Setting the interval to zero disables data logging. Note that the data log discussed in this section is different from that created by the Canary Labs software package (section 4.2).
分析仪在用户定义的事件间隔内录入过去的数据.每条数据录入包含气体分析结果和实时定义分析仪的参数.间隔为零,不能录入数据.注,此段所述数据记录区别于Canary Labs software package (4.2部分).
Data log entries are written to disk files in comma-separated-value (csv) format, which is directly readable by most spreadsheet and database programs. New data files are created each day. The data files are named
“C:\LgaData\Analysis\LgaSN_YYMMDD_A.csv” where:
Data log entries以 comma-separated-value格式被书写到硬盘文件上,可通过段子表格和数据库程度读取.每天都会有新的数据文档产生.数据文档以“C:\LgaData\Analysis\LgaSN_YYMMDD_A.csv”命名;

LgaSN is the file name pre-fix (SN = LGA serial number).
YYMMDD is the Year, Month and Day of data collection
A indicates that the file contains gas analysis data
LgaSN为名称前缀(SN =LGA系列码).
YYMMDD为数据收集的年,月,日.
A表明文档包含气体分析数据.
6.2.7 RETENTIVE DATA SAVE
When the LGA control program starts up, it reads a data file that contains all the system configuration data. The file is named LgaSN.ret (where SN is the unit serial number) and it is located in the program directory (C:\Lga\LgaSN). The file should be updated whenever any configuration parameters are changed, but normal Think & Do operation will only update it when the program goes through a normal shutdown. Any changes to the configuration data would be lost should the computer system “crash” before a normal shutdown.
当LGA控制程序启动,读取包含了所有系统组态数据文档,文档以LgaSN.ret命名,位于程序目录(C:\Lga\LgaSN).无论何时组态参数发生改变,文档都应得到更新,但当程序通过正常关机, Think & Do操作会更新.任何计算机系统在正常关机前，对组态变化的数据将丢失。
The Retentive Data section includes a User defined interval for updating the configuration data file on an elapsed time basis and a “Save Now” button to initiate a file update at any given time.
The Retentive Data部分包括用户定义更新组态数据文档的间隔, “Save Now”按钮用于在规定时间创建文档更新.

A history of retentive data files is contained in C:\LgaData\RetFiles. At the start of each new day, a copy of the current retentive data file is placed in the RetFiles directory (with a date code added to the file name).
历史数据文档包含于C:\LgaData\RetFiles.新一天的开始,将拷贝的当前retentive data file放于RetFiles目录(文档名称会追加日期编码).
6.3 MANUAL CONTROL 手动控制
Screen ManCtrl is included in the LGA software for calibration and diagnostic purposes. It allows the User to operate the system in Manual Mode from which User can override the configured automatic operations.
LGA软件的ManCtrl屏用于标定和诊断.用户可以用手动模式操作,因此可忽略组态自动操作.

Figure 6b: Screen ManCtrl
The MODE button toggles Manual Mode on and off.
手动模式的开关由模式按钮控制.
The RESET button clears current error messages. Some error conditions are tested continuously (such as system temperature) and some are tested only when certain events occur (such as calibration failure only tested during a calibration). Error messages will return if the fault condition exists when tested.
RESET按钮清除当前错误信息.一些错误情况(如系统温度)可连续测试,一些错误情况(如标定失败仅在标定过程中被测试)仅在特殊情况下测试.若测试到错误情况存在,仍会显示错误信息.
The device buttons indicate which devices (laser, pump & barometer valve) are on (green) or off (gray). If the system is operating in Manual Control Mode, pressing a button will toggle (change) the device’s state.
设备按钮指示设备(激光,泵和barometer valve)是开(绿色)是关(灰色).若系统正通过手动模式控制,按下按钮可改变设备状态.
Note: The sampling pump cannot be run when the barometer valve is on.
注意;当气压阀处于开状态时,采样泵不工作.
6.4 ADMINISTRATOR CONTROLS 管理员控制
Screen Admin is used to control on-screen keypad usage and password operations. It is only accessible when the LGA Administrator password (see below) is entered on screen Main.
Admin屏用于控制屏幕上小键盘使用和密码操作.只有管理员在Main. 屏输入密码(如下所示)才可进入操作.
The on-screen keypad is a useful tool when a touch-screen monitor is attached to the LGA system computer. It allows for changing screens and modifying configuration parameters from the touch-screen, without need for a “real” keyboard and/or mouse.
当触摸监视器连接到LGA系统计算机上时,屏幕上的小键盘是很有效的工具.通过触摸屏,不需要真正的键盘或鼠标便可更换屏幕和组态系数.
If password protection is disabled, anyone/everyone has full access to the analyzer’s setup and control parameters.
若密码保护失效,任何人都可接近分析仪的启动和控制参数.
If password protection is enabled, only those users with a valid password can access the analyzer’s setup and control parameters.
若密码保护激活,只有持有效密码的人才能够接近分析仪的启动和控制参数.
The LGA can be setup to recognize up to four user passwords:
LGA可设定四组用户密码:
Users 1 through 3: general users
User 4: LGA Administrator (main user)
用户1到3:一般用户
用户4:LGA管理员(主要用户)

Figure 6c: Screen Admin
7 LGA CALIBRATION LGA标定
This chapter presents issues and procedures related to calibration of the Laser Gas Analyzer. The following items are discussed:
此章展示了和LGA相关的标定步骤,如下所示:

Calibration Gas Quality
Analyzer Configuration
Base-Level Gas Calibration
Zero Gas Calibrations
Span Gas Calibrations
Working Gas Calibration Data
Flow Meter Calibration
Cell Pressure Adjustment
Local Atmospheric Pressure
1)标定气体质量
分析仪标定
Base-Level 气体标定
零气标定
Span 气标定
工作气标定数据
7)流量标定
8)介质压力调整
9)当地气压

The calibration procedures described in this chapter are all manual operations.
此章所描述的标定步骤都是手动操作.

7.1 CALIBRATION GAS QUALITY 标气质量
In general, the analytical results generated by the LGA can only be as good as the gases used to calibrate it. ARI recommends the following calibration gas specifications:
一般,LGA产生的的分析结果会和标定气体一样.ARI推荐如下标定气体规格:
Single-compound gas standards: 99.9999% pure.
Mixed-gas standards: individual compounds should have an accuracy of: ±0.02% absolute, when compound concentration is greater than or equal to 2%
(examples: 87.27 ± 0.02, 37.53 ± 0.02, 5.77 ± 0.02)
±1.0% of the stated value, when compound concentration is less than 2%
(examples: 1.324 ± 0.013, 0.3793 ± 0.0038, 0.0509 ± 0.0005)
Single-compound单复合气体标准: 99.9999% pure.
混合气体标准:当混合气体的密度大于或等于2%,个别混合物需有±0.02% 绝对纯度
(例如: 87.27 ± 0.02, 37.53 ± 0.02, 5.77 ± 0.02)
当混合气体浓度低于2%,则所述值需±1.0%
(例如: 1.324 ± 0.013, 0.3793 ± 0.0038, 0.0509 ± 0.0005)

WARNING: Calibration gases are generally supplied in high-pressure cylinders. These gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities. Improper gas delivery rates will hurt the unit’s accuracy and high pressures could damage system components.
警告:标定气体一般由高压气缸提供.这些气体以不影响分析仪内部流动/压力调节能力的前提下运送.不适当的气体运送速度会损伤单元精度,高压会损害系统部件.
7.2 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION 分析仪组态
Screen SysCfg displays the list of gases measured by the LGA. It is also used to set the following configuration parameters:

Standard Conditions: The Standard Laser Voltage and Standard Cell Pressure values are used for gas signal normalization. The standard laser voltage value also defines what is meant when laser percent = 100.
SysCfg屏显示LGA测得的气体列表.也可通过此屏设定如下组态参数:
标准状态:标准激光电压和标准介质压力值用于气体信号规格化.当激光的百分率 = 100时，是标准激光电压值
Type of Zero Gas: The zero-gas selection buttons are used to indicate which type of gas is being used: argon or helium. The selection does not physically change the type of zero-gas being used. It simply changes the zero-gas molecular weight, which is used in various calculations.
2)零气类型;零气选择按钮显示了哪种气体正被应用:氩气或氦气.物理上来讲,选择不会改变正在使用的零气的类型.仅改变了用于不同计算中的零气的分子重量.
List of Non-Measured gases: The set of carrier/missing gases present in the sample gas stream is created on this screen. Refer to section 6.2.5.
3)未测得的气体列表:样气流中的运送/缺省气体显示在屏幕上.参考6.2.5.部分.
System Engineering Units: User can select which units the system employs:
4)系统工程单位:用户可选择系统应用那种单位.
a) degrees Fahrenheit and millimeters of mercury or
b) degrees Centigrade and kilopascal
a) 华氏温度和毫米汞柱
b) 摄氏温度和千帕

Figure 7a: Screen SysCfg
The “Special Calibration” parameters allow one gas channel to be calibrated with the gas designated for a different channel. In most systems, this is not desired and all parameters should be set to zero.
“特殊标定”参数允许被用不同通道的指定气体标定一种气体通道.在大多数系统中不需要特殊标定,所有参数设置为零.
“Special Calibration” is typically used when the Laser Gas Analyzer contains the general hydrocarbon channel (CxHy) and a specific hydrocarbon channel (CH4). By setting the CxHy’s special calibration channel equal to the CH4 channel (and its Calib Factor to 1.00), both channels (CxHy and CH4) will be simultaneous calibrated each time the CH4 channel is calibrated. Note: In such situations, the CxHy concentrations in the calibration gas table(Figure 7e) should be set to zero.
通常,当LGA包含一般碳氢化合物(CxHy) 通道和特殊碳氢化合物(CH4)通道是使用“特殊标定”.通过设定碳氢化合物(CxHy)的特殊校准通道和特殊碳氢化合物CH4通道(标定因素为一)一致,一旦CH4通道被标定,则两个通道(CxHy and CH4)将同时被标定.注意:在一些情况下, CxHy的浓度在标定气表格中应设定为零.
The CxHy concentration in the above situation represents total hydrocarbons as methane. The CxHy concentration can be made to represent total non-methane hydrocarbons by subtracting-out the methane via the LGA’s cross-talk table (Figure 7i). Subtracting CH4 from CxHy is performed by setting the cross-talk factor for Row-CH4 and Column-CxHy to a value of 1.00 (or equal to the Special Calib Factor, if different than 1.00).
所有上述情况中的碳氢化合物的浓度代表整体碳氢化合物,如甲烷。不包括甲烷的碳氢化合物的浓度见图7i.从碳氢化合物减去甲烷，由Row-CH4和Column- CxHy 对1.00值的对话因数执行。（如果非 1，等于特殊因数）.

7.3 BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基础水平标定
Base-Level Calibration is a resource-intensive manual operation. At a minimum, it requires one cylinder of zero gas, one calibration gas standard (single-compound cylinder) for each of the gases detected by the analyzer and typically four to eight hours of a technician’s time. The good news is that this calibration should only have to be performed once for a given set of analyzer components. However, replacement of any gas detection component may necessitate a recalibration.
基础水平标定是资源密集型的手动操作.在最低限度,需要一个零气的气缸, 标气标准(单化合物气缸)和四到八小时.可以通过一次操作完成标定.然而,任何气体检测成份,需重新标定.

The LGA includes eight gas detectors (APDs). Base-Level Calibration consists of:
LGA包括八种气体检测器(APDs).基础水平标定的组成;

Determining the linearization factor for each APD.
Determining the background signal for each APD.
Determining the cross-talk factors for the set of APDs.
Determining the span factors for each gas compound (APD).
1)定义每个APD的线性因素.
2)定义每个APD的背景信号.
3)定义每个APD的对话因素.
定义每种气体混合物的范围因素(APD).

This calibration requires that the User is familiar with the LGA system’s Manual Mode operations and with the laser alignment procedure (section 9.5.3). An understanding of the material presented in section 9.1 would be helpful. The calibration procedure is performed via the following LGA screens:
此标定要求用户非常熟悉LGA系统的手动模式操作和激光对正过程(9.5.3部分).标定过程通过LGA屏幕控制,如下所示;

ManCtrl: Manual Control Operations
Cal-B: Base Calibration Performance
Cal-BR: Base Calibration Results
ManCtrl: 手动控制操作
Cal-B: 基础标定操作
Cal-BR: 基础标定结果

7.3.1 PREPARING FOR BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基础水平标定准备
The LGA should be operating at optimum conditions before attempting any base-level calibration. The following items should be checked:
在尝试任何基础水平标定前,LGA应在最佳调节下操作.检查如下项目:

Calibration should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
1)标定应在正常条件下操作完成,若不行,需控制操作区域的温度.在标定前给单元加热至少一小时.
Check analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog).
2)检查模拟参数确保适合单元操作.( Analog屏).
The laser alignment should be adjusted for maximum voltage.
4)激光对准时应调到最大电压.
Gas flow rate and cell pressure should be adjusted to appropriate levels.
5)气体流量与介质压力应调至适当值.
Set the sample averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup)
6)设定采样平均时间值≥10秒(Setup屏)
All gas standards should be available and ready for use.
7)应准备好所有气体标准,随时待用.
If laser voltage will be varied during the calibration, remove the auxiliary cooling-fan to allow access to the laser-alignment screws.
8)若标定过程中的激光电压改变,移出辅助冷风扇,调节激光对准螺丝.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
9)设定LGA为手动控制模式. 注意:LGA标定只在单元处于手动模式下完成.
7.3.2 PERFORMING BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基础水平标定的操作
Base-level calibration is performed by:
基础水平标定通过如下步骤操作
Filling in worksheet screen Cal-B. This involves obtaining a minimum of three data points (Effective Concentration, APD Signal) for each APD. There are several methods for obtaining the data points and they all involve presenting a specific gas to the analyzer, possibly adjusting the laser voltage and recording the pertinent data (gas concentration, laser voltage, cell pressure and temperature, APD signal). Suggested procedures are presented below. Note that background signals (data point 5 below) must be acquired first.
1)在Cal-B.屏填写工作表.这是涉及到每个APD获得最少三个数据(有效浓度,APD信号).获得数据点有不同的方式,跟分析仪显示的特殊气体相关.调整激光电压和相关数据记录(气体浓度,激光电压,介质压力和温度,APD信号).推荐过程如下所示.注意背景信号(下面数据点5) 需在最初获得.
Reviewing the results as displayed on screen Cal-BR. The data should be checked for accuracy and completeness.
2)浏览Cal-BR 屏上显示的结果.应检查数据的正确性和完整性.
Copying the results into the analyzer’s working calibration data.
Each APD has a single gas compound associated with it. APD calibration involves presenting various levels of Raman-frequency photons to the APD and observing its response.
3)将结果拷贝到分析仪，标定数据.每个APD有一个与此相关的气体成份.APD的标定涉及到显示各种拉曼频率光子的水平，观察其回答.
For each gas compound, the number of Raman-frequency photons present in the gas stream is linearly proportional to both the compound concentration and the laser voltage. A minimum of three data points (obtained by varying compound concentration and/or laser voltage) is required to calculate an APD linearization factor. The LGA software, as shown on screen Cal-B will accept up to five data points, which are defined as follows:
对于每种气体混合物,拉曼光子在气流中的频率呈的线性比例关系, 对化合物的浓度和激光电压也如此.最小的三个数据点(通过改变混合物浓度/调整阀门获得)用于计算APD线性化因素.LGA的软件,如Cal-B所显示,会打到五个数据点,描述如下:
Point 1: This point is required. It should be obtained using maximum laser voltage and a gas with maximum compound concentration. In most cases, the compound concentration should be 100% (i.e. pure compound). Lower compound concentrations (obtained by dilution with zero-gas) can be used so long as the concentration is greater than that expected when operating.
1)点1:通过使用最大阀门和最大气体浓度获得.多数情况下,混合气体的浓度为100%(如:单混合物).只要在操作时,气体浓度高于预计的,可以使用低混合浓度气体(通过加入零气稀释获得).

Note: Point 1 data is also used to determine the APD cross-talk factors.
注;点1数据也用于定义APD对话因素.
2) Points 2, 3 and 4: At least one of these points is required. These points should be obtained by using various combinations of compound concentration and laser voltage. Two possible ways of obtaining these points are as follows:
2)点2,3,4,通过使用多种混合物浓度和阀门获得.方法如下:
a) Obtain data points by allowing the laser to run at maximum voltage and using various compound concentrations. This can be accomplished with separate gas cylinders of differing concentrations and/or using a dilution apparatus to zero-gas dilute the gas from Point 1.
a)通过将法门调至最大和使用多种气体浓度获得.使用单独不同浓度的气缸/使用稀释设备稀释.

b) Obtain data points by using the gas from Point 1 and varying the laser
voltage. This can be accomplished by changing the alignment of the laser
optics.
b)通过使用来自点1的气体和改变阀门获得数据点.可通过改变光学器件的分布来控制.
3) Point 5: This point is required and must be obtained using zero-gas. Note that this point only needs to be obtained once as the background signal data for all APDs are updated together.
3)点5:此点不需通过零气获得.注:此点只需作为所有APD背景信号数据获取一次.
7.3.3 SCREEN: CAL-B

The Cal-B screen displays the cross-talk and linearization data obtained for each APD (one at a time). It includes the following five information blocks:
Cal-B屏显示对话和为每台APD获取的线性化数据.包括如下五个信息模块:

APD/Gas Selector
Current Data, Zero Signal and Cross-Talk Data
Linearization Data Set
Linear Factors and Iteration Limits
Best Fit Linearization Results
APD/Gas Selector
Current Data, Zero Signal and Cross-Talk Data
Linearization Data Set
Linear Factors and Iteration Limits
Best Fit Linearization Results

The “APD/Gas Selector” block has one button for each APD in the analyzer. The “lighted” button, which represents the active APD/Gas, is User selectable.
“APD/Gas Selector”模块由按钮对应分析仪的每个APD.亮起的按钮代表有效APD/气体是可供用户选择的.
The “Current Data, Zero Gas Data and Cross-Talk Data” block contains current analyzer signal data, current zero gas signal data and cross-talk signal data for the active APD/Gas.
“Current Data, Zero Gas Data and Cross-Talk Data”模块包含现行分析仪信号数据,现行零气信号数据和交谈信号数据.

Figure 7b: Screen Cal-B
The “Linearization Data” block displays the active APD/Gas number and the name of the corresponding gas compound. It contains five buttons for data acquisition:
“Linearization Data”模块显示有效APD/气体数量和气体对应气体混合物名称.包含获取数据的五个按钮:

The concentration values below each button must be updated manually. The value should be the gas concentration passing through the analyzer when the data below it was acquired.
1)每个按钮下的浓度值需通过手动更新.浓度值应该是,当数据低于所要求值时,通过分析仪气体的浓度.
Button “1-XT”: This button is used to acquire cross-talk and linearization data for the active APD. When the button is pressed, the user is given the choice of“Acquire Data” or“Acquire Data”. Each action must then be confirmed:
2)“1-XT”按钮:此按钮用于获取对话和有效APD的线性数据.当用户按下按钮.便可选择“Acquire Data”或“Acquire Data”.每个步骤都需核实:
a) If “Acquire Data” is selected, data in the “current-data” column will be copied to the “cross-talk-data” column. “Current data” will also be copied to the linearization-data-column located just below button “1-XT”
a)若选择“Acquire Data”按钮,在“current-data”栏的数据将被拷贝到“cross-talk-data”栏. “Current data”也被拷贝到位于“1-XT”下的linearization-data栏.

b) If “Clear Data” is selected, data in the “cross-talk-data” column and
“linearization-data-column” below button “1-XT” will be filled with zeros.
b)若选择“Clear Data”按钮,则位于“1-XT”按钮下的“cross-talk-data” 和“linearization-data-column”栏下数据将被填充为零.
3) Buttons “2”, “3”, and “4”: These buttons are used to acquire linearization data for the active APD. When the button is pressed, the user is given the choice of“Acquire Data” or “Clear Data”. Each action must then be confirmed:
3) “2”, “3”, 和 “4”按钮:这些按钮用于为有效APD获取线性数据.当用户按下按钮,便可选择“Acquire Data” 或“Clear Data”. 每个步骤都需核实:

a) If “Acquire Data” is selected, data in the “current-data” column will be copied to the “linearization-data” column just below selected button.
b) If “Clear Data” is selected, data in the “linearization-data-column” located just below selected button will be filled with zeros.
a)若选择“Acquire Data”按钮, “current-data”栏下的数据将被拷贝到“linearization-data”栏.
b)若选择“Clear Data”按钮,则位于选择按钮下的“linearization-data-column”栏下数据将被填充为零.

Button “5-ZG”: This button is used to acquire background signal data that is used in linearization and cross-talk calculations. Unlike the other buttons, which acquire data directly, this button sends the User to the “Cal-Z” screen to update the background (zero gas) data. Note that the
background signal data for all APDs are updated together.
“5-ZG”按钮:此按钮用于获取背景信号数据,用于线性化和cross-talk的计算.不像气体按钮可以直接获取数据,此按钮是用户处在“Cal-Z”屏下更新背景(零气)数据.注:所有APD的背景信号数据的更新是同时进行的.

Three data points are required to calculate an APD linearization factor. The LGA calculates linearization factors for three data sets(Points 1,2,5; Points 1,3,5; and Points 1,4,5):
APD线性化因素计算需三个数据点.LGA为三个数据计算线性因数（点1，2，5；点1，3，5；点1，4，5）

If none of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the linearization factor for the active APD is set to the User configurable default factor and the correlation factor is set to zero.
1)如果任何数据组都不能产生有效线性化因素,则有效APD的线性因素设定为用户可组态缺省因素,相关因素设定为零.
If only one of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the linearization factor for the active APD is set to that value (correlation factor = 1).
2)若数据组产生有效线性因素, 则有效APD的线性因素设定位此值(相关因素=1)
If more than one of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the LGA iterates between the minimum and maximum factors. The linearization factor for the active APD is set to the iterated linearization factor that yields the best correlation factor.
3)若更多数据组产生有效线性因素, 则LGA在最小和最大因素之间重复. 有效APD的线性因素设定为重复的线性因素,可产生最佳相应因素.
7.3.4 SCREEN: CAL-BR CAL-BR屏
Screen Cal-BR displays the results of the data collected during Base-Level Calibration.
CAL-BR屏显示Base-Level标定下收集的数据结果.

Figure 7c: Screen Cal-BR
The “Calculate Cross Talk Factors for Selected APDs” buttons determine if the given APDs are included in the cross-talk array (problems can arise in units with duplicate detectors and/or detectors that measure sum of other channels).
如果APD包括cross-talk array(在单元内重复分析／其它通道的分析汇总)，Calculate Cross Talk Factors for Selected APDs按钮给出定义
An “Activate Base Calibration Factors” button is provided for copying the data presented on this screen to the analyzer’s working calibration data. If the button is pressed, a confirmation box will appear. If the action is confirmed, the copy process will proceed with the displayed data overwriting the analyzer’s working calibration data (old calibration data is lost).
“Activate Base Calibration Factors”按钮将显示在屏幕上的数据并给分析仪标定工作数据.按下此按钮,会弹出去确认框.若操作确定,拷贝将继续,显示的数据将覆盖分析仪的工作标定数据(老的标定数据丢失)

7.4 ZERO CALIBRATION 零标定
The background signal for a given LGA gas channel is defined as the gas signal measured by that channel’s detector when exposed to a gas containing no Raman producing compounds. The LGA is designed to use argon or helium as the “zero gas” for determining background signals. The specific zero gas being used is selectable on screen SysCfg.
当暴露的气体不含有拉曼产品化合物时，LGA气体通道的背景信号被定义为气体信号,由通道探测器测得.LGA设定氩气和氦气为”零气”来定义背景信号.具体零气选择可在SysCfg.屏上操作.
Zero calibrations should be performed on a regular basis to correct for instrument drift caused by temperature, pressure and general electronic fluctuations.
由于温度,压力和一般电子波动引起的仪表漂移，零标定需在一个规律的基础上更正。
7.4.1 ZERO CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 零标定步骤
Zero calibration involves presenting zero gas to the analyzer and recording the measured instrument signals. The calibration is performed from screen Cal-Z.
零标定涉及向分析仪显示零气,仪表测得的信号.标定在Cal-Z.屏上.
Preparations for Zero Calibration: 零标定的准备

Calibrations should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
1)标定需在单元已安装和正常环境下进行操作,若不能够,在可调节温度环境下进行.在标定前,需对单元加热至少一个小时.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
2)将LGA设定在手动控制模式.注LGA标定仅在单元处于手动模式下才能进行操作.
Set the calibration gas averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup) Performance of Zero Calibration: 1) Connect the LGA sample port to a source of zero-gas.
3)设定标定气体平均时间≥10秒(Setup屏) 零标定操作:1)连接样气口至零气源头.
WARNING: Calibration gases are generally supplied in high-pressure
cylinders. These gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities. Improper gas delivery rates will hurt the unit’s accuracy and high pressures could damage system components.
警告;标定气体一般有高压气缸提供.这些气体必须以不影响分析仪内部流量/压力调节能力的方式运输至分析仪.不适当的气体运输速度会损坏单元精度,高压会损坏系统部件.
Check the LGA analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog). Particular attention must be paid to the cell pressure.
Calibrations must be performed with the LGA operating at its “normal” cell pressure.
2)检查LGA模拟参数确保正确的单元操作(Analog屏).注意介质压力.标定需在LGA操作处于正常介质压力下进行.
Display screen Cal-Z and observe the “RGS Current” column. When stable, press the “Update Background” button. The LGA will copy the values in the“RGS Current” column to the “Last Trial” column.
3)显示Cal-Z屏,观察“RGS Current”栏.当稳定时,按下按钮“Update Background”.LGA会将“RGS Current”内信息拷贝至“Last Trial”栏下.
If none of the values in the “Last Trial” column are greater than their
corresponding value in the “Limit” column, then the calibration is considered successful and the values in the “Last Trial” column are copied to the “Base” column.
若“Last Trial”内数值不大于其相应“Limit”栏内数值,标定被认作成功, “Last Trial”栏内数值被拷贝到“Base”栏下.
If any of the values in the “LastTrial” column are greater than their
corresponding value in the “Limit” column, then the LGA assumes that the calibration is faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc) and issues a warning message stating that the background calibration failed. The LGA system continues operation using the existing background data.
若“Last Trial”内数值大于其相应“Limit”栏内数值,LGA认定此标定错误(空气缸,泄漏等),并发出错误信息指明背景标定失败.LGA系统继续用现存的背景数据运作.
Alternate Zero Calibration Method: When zero-gas is not available, zero-calibration can be performed by dialing the laser-alignment screws to a position where the system indicates zero (0.000) laser voltage and then proceeding with step 3 above. The laser should then be re-aligned to deliver maximum voltage.
替换零气方法:当零气没有时,可通过调节laser-alignment螺丝位置(系统指定零0.000激光电压),然后继续上述的三步,来进行零标定.之后激光需重新调整输送最大电压.

7.4.2 SCREEN: CAL-Z CAL-Z屏

Screen Cal-Z is used for performing zero gas calibrations
CAL-Z屏用于控制零气标定.

Figure 7d: Screen Cal-Z
For each gas measured, the following parameters are listed:
如下为所测气体参数:

Reference Background Signal, RGS: These values have no function in the analyzer’s operation. They are used as baseline values for tracking changes in the background signal. The values are User configurable. The “Copy Base to Reference” button copies all base values to the reference column.
1)背景信号参考, RGS:此数据对于分析仪操作不产生作用.用于背景信号的跟踪底线值.数值可由用户组态. “Copy Base to Reference”按钮会使所有基础值拷贝到参考栏.
Auto Zero:
The buttons allow User to select which APDs have their background data
updated whenever a zero calibration is performed. In normal operations, all buttons should be selected.
2)自动调零
此按钮允许用户在零标定时选择哪个APD更新他们的背景数据.一般操作会选择所有按钮.
RGS Current:
The values presented in this column are the current gas signals (RGS counts) produced by the gas analyzer. The background-signal values should be set equal to these values if and only if zero-gas has been flowing through the system for a sufficient length of time (stable signal).
3)当前背景信号
在此栏中显示的数值为当前气体信号(RGS counts),是分析仪产生的.仅在零气为稳定信号流经系统时,背景信号值需设定为相同数值.
Limit:
The values in this column are User configurable and are employed during zero calibrations to verify that the gas flowing through the unit is truly a zero gas.
4)极限
用户可以对在栏中的值组态,数值也可在零气标定时用于核实流经单元的气体为零气.
Last Trial:
These values represent the LGA gas signals at the moment the last zero
calibration was performed. If any of these values is greater than their
corresponding value in the “limit” column, the last calibration failed and the failing signal(s) is highlighted.
5)最后尝试
这些数值代表LGA最后零标定时的气体信号.若任何数值大于其相应“limit”栏中的值,最后一次的标定失败,发送失败信号.
Base:
These values are the background-signals that are generated by the zero-gas calibration. The values are User configurable.
6)基础
这些数值有零气标定产生的背景信号.用户可对其组态.
Offset:
The offset values are generally set to zero. In rare instances, where zero
calibration does not generate a “true” background signal, the offset value is set to an experimentally-determined non-zero value.
偏差
偏差数值一般设定为零.很少情况下,零标定不能产生真正的背景信号,偏差数值设定为试验目的的非零值.
Working:
These values are the background-signals that are currently being used by the LGA in calculating gas concentrations. The working signal is equal to the base signal plus the offset signal.
8)工作
这些背景信号当用于计算气体浓度.工作信号等于基础信号加偏差信号.
The “Upgrade Background” button initiates a zero calibration. The button will not function unless the LGA is operating in Manual Mode.
“Upgrade Background”按钮创建一个零标定.只在lGA处于手动模式下此按钮发挥作用.
System status: Current operating parameters are displayed so User can verify that the unit is operating properly during the calibration period.
系统状态:当前操作参数显示出来,用户可核实在零标定过程中单元参数是否被合理选用.
7.5 SPAN CALIBRATION
The span factor for a given LGA gas channel is defined as the normalized gas signal measured by that channel’s detector when exposed to a pure volume of that channel’s designated compound (100% concentration). Span calibrations should be performed on a regular basis to correct for instrument drift caused by temperature, pressure and general electronic fluctuations.
7.5 量程标定
当暴露化合物的纯度值达到100%时，LGA气体通道的量程被定义为标准化的气体信号。由于温度,压力和电子移动可引起的仪表漂移，量程标定需在有规律的基础上操作.
The LGA includes eight gas detectors; each designed to quantify a specific gas compound. Span calibration involves presenting a known concentration of each gas compound to the LGA. The compounds can be presented individually (pure gas or zero-gas diluted) or in various gas-mixture combinations. Because of reactivity issues and because span
calibrations should be performed at concentration levels greater than those to be monitored, it is unlikely that any single mixture could satisfy all eight detectors. Therefore, most span calibrations will involve presenting a series of gas mixtures to the LGA.
LGA包括八种气体探测器,每个用来对指定气体混合物的含量进行测量.量程标定涉及每种气体混合气的浓度.气体混合物也可单独显示(单质气体和稀释零气),或以气体混合物的组合物方式显示.量程标定应大于测量值，不像任合一种单混合物可以满足所有探测器.因此,多数量程标定将涉及当前的气体混合物。
The known span gas analyses must be entered into the LGA’s database (screen Cal-G) prior to performing any calibrations. The database can store the analyses for 24 calibration gas mixtures (8 multi-compound and 16 single-compound).
在任何标定操作进行前,所知量程气体分析必须输入LGA数据库(Cal-G屏).数据库可储存24中标定气体混合物(8 多混合物和16单混合物).

Figur7e: Cal-G
7.5.1 WATER VAPOR AS A SPAN GAS
This section only applies to LGA systems that include a water vapor (H2O) detector.
7.5.1作为量程气体的水蒸气

此部分适用于包含水蒸气探测器的LGA系统.
Water vapor is not generally included in mixed-gas calibration cylinders because of reactivity issues. Screen Cal-H2O presents two “Moisture Calibration Worksheets” that can be used to determine the concentration of water vapor in a gas:
由于反应的问题,水蒸气一般不包含在混合气体标定气缸. Cal-H2O屏显示两个“Moisture Calibration Worksheets”,用于计算气体中水蒸气的浓度:

Worksheet Version A calculates the gas moisture content for a source with“known” dew point temperature. Any gas source equipped with an accurate dew point monitor can be used to calibrate the LGA water vapor detector.
1)电子表格A版本计算气体含水量为露点温度.任何一种安装了精确露点检测器的气源都可用于标定LGA水蒸气探测设备.
Worksheet Version B calculates the gas moisture content for a source with“known” gas temperature and relative humidity. A typical calibration source would be room air or room air drawn through a water-bubbler (~100% RH).
2)电子表格版本B计算气体含水量为气体温度和相关湿度.典型的标定源为室内内空气或从water-bubbler(~100% RH)吸取的室内空气.
Screen Cal-H2O can be accessed from screens Cal-G and Cal-S. In addition to the moisture calibration worksheets, the screen also shows how the LGA program converts measured water vapor concentration (% volume) into its corresponding dew point temperature.
可通过Cal-G and Cal-S.屏进入Cal-H2O屏.除了湿度标定电子表格,屏幕也显示了LGA程序如何将测得水蒸气浓度(% volume)转换成相关的露点温度.
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        Figure 7f:Screen Cal-H2O
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7.5.2 SPAN CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 量程标定步骤
Note: Zero-gas calibration should be performed just prior to any span calibration. LGA span calibration uses, but does not alter, the detector linearization and cross-talk factors.
注:在进行任何量程标定前,需进行零气标定.LGA量程标定使用探测器线性和对话因素.
Span calibrations are performed using the following screens:
量程标定操作使用如下屏:

Cal-G: List of Span Calibration Gases
Cal-S: Span Calibration Performance
Cal-SR: Span Calibrations Results
Cal-G: 量程标定气体列表
Cal-S: 量程标定操作
Cal-SR: 量程标定结果

Preparations for Span Calibration:量程标定准备

Calibrations should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
标定需在单元已安装和正常环境下进行操作,若不能够,在可调节温度环境下进行.在标定前,需对单元加热至少一个小时.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
2)将LGA设定在手动控制模式.注LGA标定仅在单元处于手动模式下才能进行操作.
Set the calibration gas averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup)
3)设定标定气体平均时间≥10秒(Setup屏)
If starting a new series of span calibrations, press the “Reset Span Calib” button(screen Cal-S) to initialize the span calibration results table.
4)若启动新量程标定,按下“Reset Span Calib”按钮初始化量程标定结果表格.
Span calibrations can be performed using any or all of the 24 mixtures included in the LGA database (screen Cal-G). The following procedure must be repeated for each gas mixture that is included in the LGA span calibration:
量程标定可用LGA数据库中(Cal-G屏)中24种混合气或其中一种进行操作.如下步骤对于LGA量程标定所包含的所有气体重复此步骤:
Connect the LGA sample port to the source of calibration gas.
零标定操作:1)连接样气口至零气源头.

警告;标定气体一般有高压气缸提供.这些气体必须以不影响分析仪内部流量/压力调节能力的方式运输至分析仪.不适当的气体运输速度会损坏单元精度,高压会损坏系统部件.

Check the LGA analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog). Particular attention must be paid to the cell pressure.
Calibrations must be performed with the LGA operating at its “normal” cell pressure.
2)检查LGA模拟参数确保正确的单元操作(Analog屏).注意介质压力.标定需在LGA操作处于正常介质压力下进行.
Display screen Cal-S and select the “Calibration Type” and “Calibration Gas” buttons that represent the calibration gas being feed to the LGA. Check that the displayed calibration gas analysis is correct.
4)显示Cal-S屏,选择“Calibration Type” and “Calibration Gas”按钮,代表正供给LGA的标气.检查显示的标气分析,确保正确.
Observe the current gas signal (XCS). When stable, press the “Calib Now” button. The LGA will acquire signal data, calculate new span factors and add these factors to the results table. The results table “average” span factors will be copied to the LGA’s working calibration factors. The results of the calibration can be viewed on screen Cal-SR.
Span Calibration Failures:
5)观察当前气体信号(XCS).稳定后,按下“Calib Now”按钮.LGA需要信号数据,计算新量程因素,将这些因素添加到结果表格中.结果表格中的平均量程因素将被拷贝到:LGA的工作标定因素.标定的结果将显示在Cal-SR.屏上.
量程标定失败情况:
If any analog parameter is in fault status (screen Analog) during calibration, the calibration is not performed and the LGA issues a warning message stating that the calibration was skipped.
1)标定过程中任何模拟参数处于错误状态,标定操作停止,LGA发送警告信息通告标定省略.
Screen Cal-SR includes a “Span Validation Test” value and a list of “Standard Span Factors”. For any calibration; if any detectors calculated span factor differs from its standard span factor by more that the validation test value, then the calibration is considered faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc). The calibration is rejected and the LGA issues a warning message stating that the calibration failed.
Cal-SR屏包括“Span Validation Test”值和 “Standard Span Factors”列表.任何一次标定,若探测器计算量程因素不同于标准量程因素,则标定失败(空气缸,泄漏等).标定被驳回,LGA发出警告信息通知标定失败.
7.5.3 SCREEN: CAL-S CAL-S屏
Span gas related manual-calibrations are performed from this screen. Because of the variety of calibration options that this screen presents, User must use great diligence to ensure that the gas supplied to the analyzer, the type of calibration desired and the selected calibration gas analysis are correct. This screen does not include any “un-do” features.
Mistakes will require re-calibration and/or manually re-entering previous data.
和手动标定相关的量程气体通过此屏操作.由于此屏显示多种标定选择,用户需确保供应给分析仪的气体,所需标定类型和选定标气分析是正确的.此屏不包含任何“un-do”特点.出现错误需重新标定,或者手动输入先前数据.

Figure 7g: Screen Cal-S
The Current Operating Data & Calib Gas block includes columns for the following data items:
当前操作数据和标气模块包括如下数据栏:

Gas: Gas Number, 1 through 8
Gas:气体序号,1到8
Linear Factor: Linearization parameter (section 9.1.6)
Linear Factor:线性化参数(9.1.6部分)
Span Factor: The signal (NGS) generated by the gas detector when exposed to a100% concentration of its defined gas.
Span Factor:当遇到100%浓度气体时,气体探测器产生的信号(NGS)
NGS: Normalized Gas Signal: Current data, signal generated by gas detectors.
NGS: Normalized Gas Signal(标准化的气体信号):当前数据,气体探测器产生的信号.
XCS: Crosstalk Corrected Signal: Current data, signal generated by gas detectors.
XCS: Crosstalk Corrected Signal:当前数据,气体探测气产生的信号
LGA Gas Analysis, % Vol: Current data, measured gas concentration, % volume
LGA Gas Analysis, % Vol:当前数据,测得气体浓度% volume
Gas: Gas Formula
Gas:气体方程式
Calib Gas Analysis, % Vol: Concentration (% volume) of each compound in the currently selected calibration gas mixture. The displayed gas analysis is a portion of the LGA’s calibration-gas table (screen Cal-G) and the values are User configurable. Changing analyses values on this screen also changes the corresponding values on screen Cal-G.
Calib Gas Analysis, % Vol:当前选定的标气混合气体中每种化合物的浓度(% volume).显示的气体分析是LGA标气表格(Cal-G屏)的一部分,且数值可由用户组态.在此屏上更改分析数据,相应的在Cal-G屏上的数据也得到修改.
Gases 9 through 16 are carrier/missing gases.
气体9到16是运送/缺省气体.
The System Status section displays current operating parameters so User can verify that the unit is operating properly during the calibration period.
系统状况部分显示当前操作参数,所以用户可以核实在标定时期操作是否合理.
Calibration Type and Calibration Gas Selection: A given calibration action is defined by the selected calibration type and the selected gas compound(s). Screen Cal-S is used for the following four types of calibration.
标气类型和标气选择:给定的标定操作由选定的标定类型和选定的气体混合物判定. Cal-S屏用于如下四种类型标定操作;
Mixed Gas Span (Span Calibration of Multiple Detectors Using a Mixed Gas): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight span gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). The selected calibration mixture is displayed in the “Calib Gas Analysis” column. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factors for all active (non-zero) calibration gases.
Mixed Gas Span (Span Calibration of Multiple Detectors Using a Mixed Gas)混合气量程(用混合气体进行的多探测器的量程标定):标气选择器包含一个操作八种量程气体混合物的按钮,在Cal-G上.选定的标定混合物显示在“Calib Gas Analysis”栏下.当生效时,标定类型为所有有效标气(非零)修改量程因素.
Pure Gas Span (Span Calibration of a Single Detector Using a Pure Gas): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). The selected calibration mixture is displayed in the “Calib Gas Analysis” column. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factor for single active (nonzero) calibration gas.
Pure Gas Span (Span Calibration of a Single Detector Using a Pure Gas)(单探测器运用纯气体进行的量程标定):标气探测器包含一个操作八种纯气体混合物的按钮,在Cal-G上.选定的标气混合物显示在“Calib Gas Analysis”栏下. 当生效时,标定类型为单个有效标气(非零)修改量程因素.
Single Gas Tweak (Span Tweaking of a Single Detector): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). Tweaking is an informal calibration that can be used when User “knows” what a given compound’s concentration should be, but doesn’t have the appropriate calibration gas available. When tweaking is selected, the “Calib Gas Analysis” is the same as the “LGA Gas Analysis” except for the one selected gas that will be calibrated. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factor for selected compound.
Single Gas Tweak (Span Tweaking of a Single Detector): 标气探测器包含一个操作八种纯气体混合物的按钮,在Cal-G上. Tweaking是一个非正式的标定,在用户知道给定混合物气体浓度,但无合适标气时使用.当选定Tweaking, “Calib Gas Analysis” 等同于 “LGA Gas Analysis” .当生效时,标定类型对选定混合物进行量程因素的修改.
Pure Gas Xtalk (Cross-Talk Factor Update using Pure Gases): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures and each of the eight carrier gas compounds included in the system database (screen Cal-G). When executed, this “Xtalk” calibration type modifies the cross-talk elimination table so that every gas detector, except the selected one, will have a XCS value of zero.
Pure Gas Xtalk (Cross-Talk Factor Update using Pure Gases):标气选择器包括控制八种纯气体混合物和八种运送气体混合物的按钮,在Cal-G上. 当生效时, “Xtalk”标定类型修改cross-talk elimination table,因此所有气体探测器,除去被选定的, XCS值都是零.
Note: the gas-selection buttons only inform the LGA which gas is being
supplied. They do not physically change any gas connections. User is
responsible for ensuring that the selected gas is delivered to the active sampling port.
注:气体选择按钮仅通知LGA正在供应的气体.物理上来讲,他不会更改气体浓度.用户有责任确保选定气体运送到有效采样口.
The Calibration Action block includes the following three buttons that only function when the LGA system is operating in Manual Mode:
Calibration Action模块包括如下三个按钮,仅在LGA处于手动模式时生效:
“Reset Results”: This button initializes (sets all values to zero) the span calibration results table (screen Cal-SR). The table should be initialized prior to starting a new series of span calibrations. The button is “grayed-out” whenever the results table is in an initialized state. Note that the button only functions when the LGA is operating in Manual Mode.
“Reset Results”:此按钮控制标定结果表格(screen Cal-SR) 的初始化. 在新系列跨度标定开始前,需初始化表格.当结果表格处于初始化状态,按钮呈现“grayed-out”灰色突出状态.注:仅当LGA处于手动操作时,按钮发挥作用.
“Calib Now”: This button initiates a calibration action. For calibration types 1, 2 and 3, it instructs the LGA to calculate new span factors, insert these factors into the span calibration results table (screen Cal- SR) and copy the “average” span factors to the LGA’s working span factors. For calibration type 4, it instructs the LGA to calculate new cross-talk factors and insert them into Working Calibration Table X (screen Cal-W).
“Calib Now”:此按钮启动标定操作.对于标定类型1,2和3,他指示LGA计算新的量程因素,将这些因素插入量程标定结果表格(Cal- SR屏),并将平均量程因素拷贝到LGA工作量程因素中.对于标定类型4,按钮指示LGA计算新的cross-talk因素,且将他们插入到工作标定表格X (Cal-W屏).
“Span Results”: This button displays the span calibration results table (screen Cal-SR). Screen Cal-S also includes a button for accessing the LGA’s working calibration data on screen Cal-W, which is shown in section 7.6.
“Span Results”:此按钮显示量程标定结果表格(Cal-SR屏). Cal-SR屏有按钮操作LGA 在Cal-W屏上的工作标定数据,详情见7.6部分.
7.5.4 SCREEN: CAL-SR CAL-SR屏
Screen Cal-SR presents the results of the LGA span-gas calibrations. The results are based on analyzer data acquired during each span calibration and the calibration gas analyses displayed on screen Cal-G.
CAL-SR屏显示LGA量程标定结果,是分析仪进行量程分析所需的分析数据.标定气体分析会显示在Cal-G上.

Figure 7h: Screen Cal-SR

The results table presents the span factors calculated for each detector for each of the 24 possible calibration gas mixtures (screen Cal-G). A span factor of zero indicates that no span factor was calculated and a negative span factor indicates that a span factor was calculated and rejected (Span Validation Test). When a detector has more than one ”greater-than-zero” span factor, an “average” span factor is calculated using the User selected method.
结果表格显示量程因素,用于计算每个探测器遇到的24种可能标定气体的混合物(Cal-G).量程因素为零表示没有量程因素被计算,拒绝量程有效测试(Span Validation Test) .当探测器有多于一个的大于零的量程因素,平均量程因素被计算用于用户选定的模式.
In a perfect world, all span factors for a given compound would be equal. However, real world measurement parameters (linearization, cross-talk, calibration gas quality, etc.) can lead to variability in a compound’s span factors. In general, a span factor based on a high calibration gas concentration will better serve the whole 0 to 100% range than a span factor based on a low calibration gas concentration. The calculation-method option allows User to fine-tune each compound’s calibration based on the specific calibration gas mixtures being used and the concentration range of interest. If a given compound is only present in one of the span gas mixtures, the selected method is of no consequence, as all methods will produce the same result. Consider the following guidelines when a given compound is present in more than one span gas mixture:
理想情况下,所有量程因素应该是相等的.然而,显示测量参数(线性化, cross-talk,标定气体质量等)可能导致混合物量程因素的变异性.一般,基于高浓度标气基础上的量程因素比基于低浓度标气基础上的量程因素更好的服务于0到100%的范围… calculation-method 选项允许用户对混合物标定进行微调.给定混合物仅显示为量程气体混合物中,所有方法将产生相同结果.当给定混合物显示多于一种量程气体混合物,考虑到如下指导:

Use the “maximum” or “weighted” method when concerned about the
whole 0 to 100 % range.
1)涉及整体0到100%范围是使用“maximum” or “weighted” method.
Use “average” or “weighted” method when the various span gas mixtures contain similar concentrations of the given compound.
2)当多种量程气体混合物包含相近浓度给定混合物时.,使用“average” or “weighted” method.
Use “maximum” method when only concerned about high concentrations and the span gas mixtures vary in the given compound’s concentration.
3)当仅涉及高浓度和量程气体混合物在给定混合物浓度改变时,使用“maximum” method.
Use “minimum” method when only concerned about low concentrations and the span gas mixtures vary in the given compound’s concentration.
当仅考虑低浓度和量程气体混合在给定混合物浓度改变时,使用“minimum” method.
The “Span Validation Test” block allows User to set a deviation limit to test for calibration acceptance. When the calibration data for each mixture is evaluated, the resulting span factors are considered acceptable only if they are within the specified percentage of the reference span factor. If any of the span factors for a given mixture are out of acceptance, the LGA assumes that the calibration is faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc). A failed calibration message is issued and all span factors for that mixture are made negative to indicate failure and to avoid using these values in calculating the overall “average”. If the deviation limit is set to zero, the acceptance test is ignored and all span factors will be considered acceptable.
“Span Validation Test”模块允许用户设定误差限定来测试标定验收.当对每个混合物标定数据估计,量程因素仅在规定参考量程因素范围内认定为合格.若任何给定混合物量程因素超出验收,LGA认定标定错误(空气缸,泄漏等).发出标定失败信息.量程因素显示为负值来指示失败,来避免使用这些数值进行计算平均值“average”.若误差限定设置为零,则忽略验收测试,所有量程因素被认定合格.

7.6 WORKING GAS CALIBRATION TABLES 工作气体标定表格
Screen Cal-W presents a summary of the LGA’s current (working) calibration data.
Cal-W屏显示LGA现行标定数据摘要.

Figure 7i: Screen Cal-W
7.7 FLOW METER CALIBRATION 流量计标定
The LGA is designed to operate at a nominal flow rate of 250 ml/min. Sample gas flow rate calibrations are performed via Screen Cal-FP.
LGA操作的正常流量为250 ml/min.样气流量标定在Cal-FP上操作.
The LGA’s internal flow detector (pressure-drop across loop) uses a five-point calibration curve to determine the system flow rate. The procedure for obtaining the data points requires that the sample line include a mass-type (ball-in-tube) flow meter upstream of the LGA. Typical calibration points would be at 0, 40, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ml/min.
LGA内部流量探测器(pressure-drop across loop)使用五点标定曲线来判定系统流速.获得数据点需样气线包含多种mass-type (ball-in-tube)流量器上行数据流.一般标定点为0, 40, 100, 200, 400和800 ml/min.

The data points are obtained by adjusting the system flow rate to a fixed value (ml/min), recording the corresponding analog signal (counts), and entering both values into the calibration data table.
通过调整系统流速到确定值获得数据点,记录相应模拟信号(counts),输入这两种数值到标定数据表格.

Figure 7j: Screen Cal-FP
The LGA system measures sample gas flow rate with a mass-flow-rate sensor and uses the sample gas molecular weight (derived from the gas analysis) to convert the measured massflow into the system- required volumetric-flow. If the gas analysis is wrong or incomplete, the calculated volumetric-flow-rate will be wrong.
LGA系统用mass-flow-rate传感器测量样气流速,使用样气分子重量(从气体分析中产生)将测得massflow转换为系统需要的容量流量.若气体分析错误或不完整,则计算出的容积流量也是错误的.
Depending on which compounds the LGA detects and which compounds are present in the sample gas, the LGA may or may not know the “complete” gas analysis. The Carrier Gas Table on screen Setup (section 6.2.5) allows User to specify known carrier gas factors. Appropriate values should be entered if the LGA measured compounds represent a small fraction of the total gas present.
根据LGA检测的气体和样气中显示的混合物,LGA可能也可能不知道完整的气体分析. Setup屏上的运送气体表允许用户规定所知的运送气体因素.若LGA测得混合气占所有显示气体的值很小,需输入合适的数值.
Screen Cal-FP also allows User to set limits on the gas analysis total concentration. If the analysis is outside these limits, the analyzer assumes that it has not been calibrated and the default molecular weight is used in calculating the volumetric-flow-rate.
Cal-FP屏允许用户设定气体分析总浓度限定.若分析超出这些限制，分析仪认定他还没被标定,缺省分子重量用在计算容量流速.
7.8 CELL PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT 介质压力调节
Calibration of the LGA’s cell pressure sensor is described in section 9.8.1.
LGA介质压力传感器标定详见9.8.1部分.
For optimal performance of the optics-protection air dam system, the cell operating pressure must be set to 106 mm Hg (14.1 kPa) below local atmospheric pressure.
对于光学器件保护气体统的最佳操作,介质操作压力必须设定在106 mm Hg (14.1 kPa),低于当地大气压力.
Cell pressure adjustment is performed from the “Cell Pressure” block on screen Cal-FP.
介质压力调整通过Cal-FP. 屏上“Cell Pressure”模块操作.
Cell pressure can only be adjusted when the sample pump is running.
Pressure adjustment can be performed in two ways:
当样气泵运转介质压力才能被调节.可通过如下两种方式控制压力调节:

Auto-Sampling Mode: if Sample Mode Auto-Adjust is enabled, the LGA will continuously check the cell pressure and adjust it as necessary. Note: cell adjustment will only be performed when the Mode Timer > 60 seconds.
1)自动采样模式:若启动自动调节模式,LGA将持续检测介质压力并按要求调节.注:介质调节需在模式时间(Mode Timer) > 60秒的状态下操作.
Manual Control Mode: Pressing the “Manual Mode Auto Adjust” button will initiate a pressure adjustment.
2)手动控制模式:按下“Manual Mode Auto Adjust”按钮会启动压力调节.
When instructed to do a pressure adjustment, the LGA changes the pump speed in a manner that moves the “current” operating pressure towards the “standard” operating pressure. The pressure can be adjusted in increments of roughly 5 mm Hg. (0.67 kPa) per adjustment step.
当指示操作压力调节时,LGA通过移动“current”操作压力至“standard”操作压力来更改泵速度.每步调整会增加大约5 mm Hg. (0.67 kPa)的压力.
Warning: Altering the cell operating pressure will alter the system calibration. The selected cell pressure must be determined and set prior to gas system calibration.
警告:更改介质操作压力会改变系统标定.选定介质压力需在气体系统标定前确定和设定.
7.9 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 大气压力
The LGA uses the local atmospheric pressure in some of its calculations. The measured pressure and acceptance limits are configured on Screen Cal-FP.
LGA在一些标定中运用当地大气压力.测得压力和验收限定在Cal-FP屏上进行操作.
The local atmospheric pressure is updated each time the system runs barometer mode(sections 6.1.4 & 6.2.2). If the system measures a pressure outside of the User configurable limits, the value will be rejected and a warning message will be issued. The working atmospheric pressure value is User configurable so that a fixed value can be set if User chooses not to include pressure updates (section 6.2.2) in the sampling schedule.
每当系统运行流量计模式时(6.1.4 & 6.2.2部分),都会更新当地大气压力.若系统测量压力在用户可组态限定之外,则此值将被拒绝,且发出警告信息.工作气压值是可组态的,所以,若用户的选择,在样气目录里不包括压力更新(6.2.2部分)用户可设定固定值.
8 LGA DIAGNOSTICS LGA诊断
The LGA continually monitors itself for operational and performance problems. System status and warning messages are displayed on the Main screen. This chapter describes the system’s diagnostic information.
LGA持续检测自身的操作和运行故障.系统状态和警告信息显示在Main屏上.本章描述系统的诊断信息.
8.1 CALCULATION OF GAS CONCENTRATION 气体浓度的计算
Screen GasCalc presents the LGA gas signals and the intermediary steps performed in transforming the raw signals to the measured gas concentrations.
GasCalc显示了LGA气体信号和采用的中间步骤,将未处理信号转换为测得的气体浓度.

Figure 8a: Screen GasCalc
The LGA collects the gas signal in 50 millisecond time intervals. Gas concentrations are calculated for two intervals:
每50毫秒,LGA收集一次气体信号.气体浓度在两个间隔内被计算.

One-Second Gas Concentrations: Twenty (20) consecutive 50-millisecond readings are averaged to obtain the 1-second data (raw gas signal, laser voltage and cell pressure). Note: because of the control programs fixed 17 millisecond scan interval, the time for the 20 readings is slightly longer than 1 second; typically 1.02 seconds.
一秒气体浓度(One-Second Gas Concentrations):对20个连续的50毫秒读取的平均值，获取一个一秒数据(未处理气体信号,激光电压和介质压力).注:因为控制程序设定为17毫秒的扫描间隔,20次的读取比一秒中会稍长一些,一般为1.02秒.
X-Second Gas Concentrations: X = Users specified averaging period = 1-60 seconds. Data (raw gas signal, laser voltage and cell pressure) for calculating these concentrations are obtained by averaging the last X number of 1-second data values.
x秒气体浓度(X-Second Gas Concentrations):x=用户指定的平均周期=1-60秒.用于计算这些浓度的数据(未定气体信号,激光电压和介质压力),通过用x平均最后一秒数据值获得.
LGA gas concentrations are calculated via the following steps:
LGA气体浓度通过如下步骤计算:
RGS: Raw-Gas-Signal, counts.
RGS[i] = signal obtained by APD[i]; i = 1 to 8
LGS: Linear-Gas-Signal, counts:
LGS[i] = RGS[i] / ( 1.0 – LF[i] * RGS[i] )
where: LF[i] = linearization factor for APD[i]
LBS: Linear-Background-Signal, counts (zero-gas calibration data):
LBS[i] = linear signal from APD[i] when sampling pure argon
NLS: Net-Linear-Signal, counts:
NLS[i] = LGS[i] – LBS[i]
NGS: Normalized-Gas-Signal, counts:
NGS[i] = NLS[i] * (SLV / MLV) * (SCP / MCP)
where: SLV = standard laser voltage
MLV = measured laser voltage
SCP = standard cell pressure
MCP = measured cell pressure
XCS: Cross-Talk-Corrected-Signal, counts:
XCS[i] = signal obtained by APD[i] do to presence of Gas[i]
GC: Gas Concentration, % volume:
GC[i] = 100 * XCS[i] / SF[i]
where: SF[i] = span factor for APD[i]
RGS: Raw-Gas-Signal, counts.未处理气体信号,数量.
RGS[i] = signal 通过APD[i]; i = 1 to 8获取
LGS: Linear-Gas-Signal, counts:线性气体信号,计算.
LGS[i] = RGS[i] / ( 1.0 – LF[i] * RGS[i] )
where: LF[i] = APD[i]的线性因素
LBS: Linear-Background-Signal, counts (zero-gas calibration data):线性背景信号,计算(零气标定数据)
LBS[i] =当采取纯净氩气时来自APD[i]线性信号
NLS: Net-Linear-Signal, counts:纯线性信号,计算:
NLS[i] = LGS[i] – LBS[i]
NGS: Normalized-Gas-Signal, counts:正常化气体信号,计算
NGS[i] = NLS[i] * (SLV / MLV) * (SCP / MCP)
where: SLV = 标准激光电压
MLV = 测得激光电压
SCP = 标准介质压力
MCP = 测得介质压力
XCS: Cross-Talk-Corrected-Signal, counts: 对话更正信号,计算
XCS[i] =通过 APD[i] do获取的当前气体信号
GC: Gas Concentration, % volume: 气体浓度, % volume
GC[i] = 100 * XCS[i] / SF[i]
where: SF[i] = APD[i]量程因素
8.2 SCREEN: ANALOG ANALOG屏
The LGA has 16 analog input channels that provide status data about the analytical system hardware. The Analog screen presents the data for each channel along with User configurable warning and fault alarm limits. The analog parameters are listed by functional groups rather than channel numerical order:
LGA有16个模拟输入通道,为分析仪提供状态数据. ANALOG屏显示每个通道数据和用户可组态的警告和错误报警限制.模拟参数由功能组列出.
The LGA software issues status messages based on the alarm limits set on this screen. The limits are User configurable, but they should be set to alarm whenever any individual parameter is operating outside of its standard range. For each analog parameter:
LGA软件发出基于警告限制的状态信息,可在屏上设定.限定可由用户组态,这些限定需设置为:当任何参数操作超出标准范围时报警.对于任何一个模拟参数:
A warning condition exists if the current analog value is greater than the warning-high set point or less than the warning-low set point.
1)若当前模拟值高于警告最高设定或低于警告最低设定,则警告状况存在.
A fault condition exists if the current analog value is greater than the fault-high set point or less than the fault-low set point.
2)若当前模拟值高于错误最高限定值或利于错误最低限定值时,则错误状况存在.
NOTE: Analog fault-alarm set points are used to qualify the LGA gas analyses. The LGA system assumes that its current gas analysis is invalid if any analog fault condition exists.
注:模拟错误警报设定点用于限定LGA气体分析.若任何模拟错误状况存在,LGA系统认定当前气体分析为无效.

Figure 8b: Screen Analog
Analog warning and fault codes are logged with the gas analysis data. Each code represents the state of the 16 analog parameters. Screen AnalogX is an interpreter of these codes.
模拟警告和错误代码均用气体分析数据记录.每种代码代表16个模拟参数的状态. AnalogX屏对代码作出解释.

Figure 8c: Screen AnalogX
8.3 SCREEN: ALIGN
Screen Align displays the current analog parameters in a format optimized for use in aligning the laser optics. The laser voltage or signal can be displayed in large characters to facilitate viewing from possible odd angles and long distances.
8.3 屏幕：调整
ALIGN屏显示当前模拟参数,用于定位激光器件.激光电压或信号可用大号字体显示,以便从不同角度和距离查看.

                  Figure 8d: Screen Align

8.4 LGA INTERFACE BOARD I/O LGA界面板I/O
Screen IO-LGA presents the status of all input/output devices associated with the LGA computer interface board.
IO-LGA屏显示所有相关LGA计算机操作面板的输入/输出设备的状态.
The screen is divided into the following six information blocks:
屏幕分为如下6个信息模块:

Digital Outputs
Analog Inputs
Counters
Digital Inputs & Keypad Value
Dead Man Timer
IO Board Status
1)数据输出
模拟输入
计数器
数据输入和小键盘数值
Dead Man Timer
IO状态

Figure 8e: Screen IO-LGA
The Dead Man Timer (DMT) is a hardware device located on the LGA interface board. Its purpose is to reboot the computer if the LGA program or the Windows operating system should lock up. The Dead Man Timer block contains a button that lets the user enable/disable the DMT.
The Dead Man Timer (DMT)是位于LGA几面板上的硬件设备.目的是当LGA程序或Windows操作系统锁死时,重启计算机. The Dead Man Timer模块包含一个是用户操控启动/关闭DMT的按钮.

When the DMT button is on, the LGA program turns on the DMT Enable (digital output16) ands the DMT Bit (digital output 7) twice per second. If the DMT Bit is not toggled at least once per second, a reboot is performed.
当DMT按钮开启,LGA程序运行DMT启动(数码输出16),和DMT BIT(数码输出7),每秒两次.若DMT BIT在一秒中内没有启动,则执行重启.
WARNING: If the LGA program is stopped with the DMT button ON, the system will reboot. The user can disable the DMT function by turning the DMT button OFF.
警告:若DMT处于开启状态,LGA程序停止,系统会重启.用户可以通过将按钮调至OFF,关闭DMT.
All status values in the “LGA 400 Board Status” block should display a value of 021. Contact ARI Technical Support if any other values are displayed.
所有“LGA 400 Board Status”模块中的状态值都需显示021.若显示其它数值,请联系ARI的技术支持.
8.5 STANDBY MODE 准备模式
Screen Standby lists the conditions that trigger Standby Mode, a “parking place” that the system uses whenever a major fault condition exists. The system goes into Standby Mode whenever any of the listed conditions are true.
准备模式屏列出了启动准备模式的所有情况.每当主要错误状况存在,系统会启用“parking place”.当任何一种所列情况属实,系统会进入等待模式.

Figure 8f: Screen Standby
9 LGA: LASER GAS ANALYZER 激光气体分析仪
This chapter describes the Laser Gas Analyzer and various service routines related to its operation.
本章描述了激光气体分析仪及与其操作相关的多种服务程序.
9.1 DESCRIPTION & SPECIFICATIONS描述及说明
The Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA) is a self-contained gas sampler/analyzer that uses the principles of Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify eight gaseous compounds. The unit’s internal vacuum pump continuously extracts sample gas from the source and passes it through the unit’s laser-gas cell. Compound concentrations are determined by analysis of the scattered-light produced by interaction between the unit’s laser beam and the molecular compounds within the sample.
LGA自带气体采样和分析设备,运用拉曼光谱原理同时鉴别和测量八种气体混合物.单元的内部真空泵不断的从气源抽取样气,将气传送给单元激光气体介质.通过单元的激光束和分子样气混合物相互作用产生的散射光来判定气体混合物的浓度.

Figure 9a: Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA)
9.1.1 ANALYZER’S FRONT PANEL 分析仪的前面板
The analyzer’s front panel contains the sample inlet port and the analyzer exhaust port.
分析仪的前控制面板包含样气入口和分析仪排气口.

Figure 9b: Typical Front Panel
9.1.2 ANALYZER’S BACK PANEL分析仪的背面板
The analyzer’s back panel contains the following items:
分析一的背面板包括如下部件:

AC power input module (power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses).
1)AC电源输入模式(电源卡,电源开关和保险).
All computer connections. This typically includes video, network, serial, parallel and USB ports, keyboard and mouse.
2)所有计算机连接;主要包括视频,网络,串联或并联、USB接口,键盘和鼠标.
Auxiliary cooling fan assembly.
辅助冷风扇
Inlet air filter.
4)进气过滤器
Optics-gas connector.
5)光学器件-气体连接器
Connector for ARI’s air conditioner controller cable (optional).
6)ARI气体温度调节器控制电缆(可选)连接器

Figure 9c: Typical Back Panel
9.1.3 ANALYZER’S FLOW SCHEMATIC 分析仪流量图解
A flow schematic of the analyzer’s internal plumbing is presented below.
分析仪内部管道流量图解如下所示;

9.1.4 ANALYZER SPECIFICATIONS 分析仪说明
All specifications are nominal and subject to change without notice. All performance specifications assume a properly calibrated, operational unit.
所有说明只是了解.所有程序说明采取适当标定，对可操作的单元.
Physical Specifications
物理规格
Dimensions and Weight: 体积和重量
Size: 9.7” x 14” x 20.7” (246 mm x 356 mm x 526 mm)
Weight: 50 pounds nominal (23 kg nominal)
尺码: 9.7” x 14” x 20.7” (246 mm x 356 mm x 526 mm)
重量: 50 pounds nominal (23 kg nominal)
Power Requirements:电源规格
Power: less than 300 Watts
Voltage 100, 120, or 220 VAC (± 10%)
Frequency: 60 or 50 Hertz
Leakage current: less than 100 micro-Amps
电源: 低于 300 W
电压:100, 120, or 220 VAC (± 10%)
频率: 60 or 50 Hz
泄漏电流: 低于 100 mA

Environmental Requirements:环境要求
Operating:操作
Altitude: Up to 6000 feet (1830 meters)
Temperature: 63° to 90°F (17° to 32°C)
Relative Humidity: 10 to 75%, non-condensing.
海拔高度: 达到 6000英尺 (1830米)
温度: 63° to 90°F (17° to 32°C)
相对湿度: 10 to 75%, non-condensing.

Transport and Storage:运输和存储
Altitude: Up to 50,000 feet (15,250 meters)
Temperature: 14° to 122°F (–10° to 50°C)
Relative Humidity: 10 to 95%, non-condensing
海拔高度: 达到 50,000英尺 (15,250米)
温度: 14° to 122°F (–10° to 50°C)
相对湿度: 10 to 95%, non-condensing

Laser Specifications 激光规格
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: Helium-Neon (HeNe)
Maximum Power: less than 0.0025 Watts
Divergence: 0.002 radians
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: Helium-Neon (HeNe)
最大电源: 低于 0.0025 W
偏差: 0.002 radians

Performance Specifications 操作说明
Analytical Method: Raman-scattering spectroscopy
using an air-cooled helium-neon laser
Gases detected: 8 (compound list is model dependent)
Scale range: typically 0 to 100 percent by volume
Accuracy: typically < 0.25 % full scale
Sample flow rate: nominal 250 ml/minute (pressure controlled)
Response time: < 500 milliseconds (10–90% rise time)
Warm-up time: < 10 minutes from cold boot
分析方法:拉曼散射光谱原理
使用 air-cooled氦-氖激光
探测气体: 8 (compound list is model dependent)
范围:一般0 到 100 % volume
精确度:一般 < 0.25 % 满刻度l
样气流速: 正常250 ml/minute (控制压力)
反馈时间: < 500 milliseconds (10–90% rise time)
预热时间: < 10 minutes from cold boot

9.1.5 RAMAN THEORY 拉曼原理
C.V. Raman discovered the light-scattering principle that bears his name in 1928.
C.V. Raman于1928发现光散射原理,拉曼激光原理由此得名.
Raman spectroscopy is a versatile method of molecular analysis based on the observed change in energy level when light is scattered by molecular collision. When a photon (from the laser) strikes a molecule (in the gas sample), the photon will exhibit one of the following outcomes that are listed in order of highest-to-lowest probability:
拉曼光谱是一种多功能的分子分析方式,基于当分子碰撞产生光折射时所观测到的能量水平.当激光光子碰触到样气分子,光子会展示如下结果,以最高至最低的可能性列出.

The photon’s energy remains unchanged (Rayleigh scattering) Since nothing changes, this is not very useful as a detection principle.
1)若无任何更改,光子能量保持不变(Rayleigh scattering).,作为探测原则不是很有用.
The photon loses energy (Stokes Raman scattering) resulting in a lower frequency and longer wavelength. Generally requires that the molecule is in its base state.
2)光子丢失能量(Stokes Raman scattering)导致低频和长波.一般分子处于基础状态时如此.
The photon gains energy (Anti-Stokes Raman scattering) resulting in a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. Generally requires that the molecule is in an excited state.
3)分子获得能量(Anti-Stokes Raman scattering)导致高频和短波.一般分子活跃状态时如此.

Outcomes 2 and 3 both describe phenomena that are potentially useful for molecular species detection. Stokes Raman scattering (Outcome 2) generally produces a stronger signal than Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (Outcome 3) because there are usually many more molecules in their base state compared to those in an excited state.
2和3的结果描述了对分子种类探测有潜在作用的情况. Stokes Raman scattering (结果2)产生的信号一般比Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (结果 3)的要强.因为一般对处于活跃状态的分子而言,处于基础状态分子较多.
Experimental data has shown that the photon’s change in energy is uniquely tied to the transition energies (vibrational and rotational) of the molecule collided with. Since each molecule species has a different and characteristic transition energy level (based on it’s internal bond structure), a photon’s change in energy after collision with the molecule can be used to identify the molecule species.
实验数据显示了分子能量的改变，和他产生碰撞的分子转变能量(震荡的和旋转的)有关.因为任何一种分子都有不同的特性的转变能量水平(基于内部机构),分子与分子发生碰撞导致能量改变,可用于识别分子种类.
The Raman line for a molecule species identifies the position (frequency or wavelength) of peak energy change. However, a photon’s energy shift is not just the Raman line but also a normal distribution about the line.
分子种类拉曼线能标识能量转换峰值位置(频率和波长).然而,光子能量转换不仅是拉曼线,还包括线的正常分布.
The spectrum of Raman lines represents a mapping of energy change (frequency or wavelength shift) to molecule species. Additionally, the quantity of photons produced at each Raman line is linearly proportional to the volume concentration of the related molecule species.
拉曼光谱代表分子能量转换(频率和波长转变)绘图.另外,每个拉曼线的光子质量对分子种类产生线性比例.
Raman spectroscopy cannot detect monatomic molecule species (Helium, Argon, Krypton, Neon and Xenon).
拉曼光谱原理不能够探测单元子的分子类别(氦气,氩气,氪气,氖气和氙气).
9.1.6 LGA GAS DETECTION LGA气体检测
The LGA uses a Helium-Neon laser, prism and precision mirrors to produce a precisely regulated, single wavelength (632 nanometer) laser beam. The laser beam interacts with a flowing gas sample that is continuously drawn through the gas-detection cell.
LGA使用氦-氖激光,光学镜产生精确的有规律的,单波长(632 nanometer)的激光束,与流动的样气相互作用.
The gas detection cell houses eight (8) detector subsystems. Each subsystem includes a focusing lens, an optical filter to select a specific Raman line and an avalanche photodiode(APD) to capture the filtered light.
气体探测单元安装了8个探测子系统.每个子系统包括聚光镜,选择特定拉曼光线的光学过滤器, 获取过滤光的雪崩光敏二极管 (APD).
Optical Filters: The various LGA models typically use optical filters in the 649 to 859 nanometer wavelength range (Stokes Raman scattering). Signal intensity and cross-talk sensitivity can be controlled by varying the wavelength width of the optical filters. Optical filters in LGA units have wavelength widths that range from 1 to 10 nanometers.
光学过滤器:多种LGA模型在649 to 859纳米波长范围(Stokes Raman scattering)内采用光学过滤器.信号强度和cross-talk灵敏度可通过改变光学过滤器的波长宽度来控制. LGA单元中的光学过滤器波长宽度在1-10纳米范围内.
APD Detectors: When an APD is struck by a photon, it becomes charged up and must be discharged before it can detect another photon. This phenomenon causes the LGA to under-count the number of photon hits and the error compounds non-linearly as the number of photons increase. The more photons hits, the more times the APD must discharge, the more time the APD is effectively “off-line”, the more photon hits that are missed. The photon count can be statistically corrected using the following standard equation;
APD探测器:当APD由光子碰撞时，它能探测另一个光子前必须变化。越多的光子碰撞,则需越多次数的APD释放,释放次数越多,APD越能有效“off-line”,因此越少光子碰撞,可通过如下公式计算光子:

A = M / (1.0 – (T * M))
Where: A = actual photon count
M = measured photon count
T = linearization factor, related to APD discharge time
A = M / (1.0 – (T * M))
其中: A = actual photon count
M = measured photon count
T = linearization factor, related to APD discharge time

Linearization factors are typically on the order of 0.000030 and must be determined experimentally for each APD in the system. Figure 9e illustrates a typical linearity curve. The concentration scale is specific to the APD and the optical filter width; i.e. a narrow filter may produce 2000 counts at 50% concentration while a wide filter may produce 2000 counts at 10% concentration. The LGA detection system is inherently more accurate at low-end concentrations.
线性化因素一般规律是0.000030,必须试验性的对系统内每台APD进行确定. 图9e显示了典型的曲线.浓度刻度是APD和光学过滤器宽度的说明；50%的浓度，窄的过滤器能产生2000个计数；10%的浓度，宽的过滤器能产生2000个计数.LGA的诊断系统对低浓度分析非常准。

Figure 9e: Typical Linearization Curve
For accurate and consistent gas analyses, the pressure in the analyzer’s detector module must be maintained at a fixed pressure value, which is nominally set to 106 mm Hg(millimeters of mercury) below the installation site’s average barometric pressure, uncorrected for altitude. The sample pump in the LGA is a variable-speed unit that is located downstream of the analyzer’s detector module. Its speed is constantly being adjusted to maintain the designated pressure.
为准确和连续的气体分析,分析仪探测模块的压力需控制为固定压力值,一般为106 mm Hg(millimeters of mercury),低于安装地的平均气压。LGA内的样气泵是可调速单元,位于分析仪探测器模块downstream. 其速度不断被调节以保持设定压力.
The analyzer optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a system of air dams. The detector module must operate at negative pressure (see previous paragraph) for proper operation of the air dams.
分析仪光学器件由样气流组成的气体流保护.探测器模块需在负压下操作(见以前段落).
The LGA collects the gas signal in 50 millisecond time intervals. Gas concentrations are calculated (averaged) for 1 second and a User specified period (1 to 60 seconds).
LGA每50毫秒收集一次气体信号.平均一秒内或用户设定时间内(1 to 60 seconds)计算气体浓度,
9.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 安全预防措施
This chapter presents information on servicing the Laser Gas Analyzer. LGA service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA unit have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum,
this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
本章显示维护LGA信息.LGA维护需由具有维修电器经验丰富的人,配备合理工具和检测设备来操作.建议所有涉及维护LGA单元的人进行激光安全培训.
This chapter presents procedures for replacing components (other than the detector module assembly) internal to the Laser Gas Analyzer. The procedures should only be performed by persons equipped with the proper tools and experienced in repairing electronic instruments and computers.
本章展示了LGA部件(除了装配诊断模块) 更换步骤.配备合理工具,在维修电器设备和计算机方面有经验的人操作.
Refer to section 1.3 for information regarding ARI’s service and repair policies. For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers listed on the front cover of this manual.
关于ARI维护和修理信息参考1.3部分.关于技术支持,请联系ARI技术支持.

WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光辐射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view either directly with optical instruments.
不要直视激光束或光学器件反射的光束.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
警告:电击&易燃隐患
When being serviced, the LGA unit should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines which require that the LGA unit be powered and/or running.
当处于维护状态, LGA单元应关闭或从AC电源将插头拔下.当需要LGA单元通电/运转时，进行常规检查需谨慎.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY 警告:静电敏感度
The LGA unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a staticcontrol wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于静电释放,很容易损害LGA单元的电子原件.拆卸单元时,在静电控制室进行,操作员需穿着静电控制腕带释放积聚的静电.通常拿绝缘边去处理电路板.由于释放损坏的元件不在担保范围之内.

9.2.1 PERSONNEL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS个人安全预防措施

WARNING: LASER RADIATION警告:激光辐射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view directly with optical instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA unit have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
不要直视激光束或光学器件反射的光束.建议所有涉及LGA单元维修的人员接受激光安全培训. 至少,要懂得ANSI Z136.1-2000(美国国家激光安全使用标准)的知识.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
警告:电击&易燃隐患

When being serviced, the LGA should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines that require that the LGA be powered and/or running. Do not touch exposed wiring or any conductive surface while the cover is off. The voltage present when the monitor is connected to electrical power can cause serious injury or death. (The laser uses approximately 2.5 KV; the APDs use approximately 290 V.)
当处于维护状态, LGA单元应关闭或从AC电源将插头拔下.当需要LGA单元通电/运转时，进行常规检查时需谨慎.不要碰触暴露出来的线路或导体(当外皮脱落的时候).监视器连接到电源产生的电压会导致严重伤亡. (激光使用大约2.5 KV; APDs使用大约 290 V.)
3) The LGA discharges a small, but steady stream of process and/or calibration gases. The analyzer’s exhaust must be directed to an appropriate location by means of a scavenging system.
LGA排放少量但稳定的处理/标定气体.分析仪需通过排气系统将气体直接排放到合适地点.
4) For continued protection against fire hazard, replace blown fuses only with the fuses of the same type and rating.
对于防火的保护的保险,需同型号的保险替换.
5) Do not use the LGA in the presence of flammable substances.
在出现易燃情况下,不要使用LGA.
6) Make sure the analyzer is set up to operate at the correct line voltage.
For protection against shock hazard, the unit must be properly grounded.
确保LGA在真确线电压下操作.为保护LGA防止电击,单元需适当的接地.
7) LGA’s that are intended to be operated at 220/240 VAC must be connected to a supply main that is balanced (i.e., that does not have either leg grounded) or excessive leakage current may result.
LGA需在220/240 VAC下操作，连接到平稳的主电源（不接地），否则产生严重的漏电.

Figure 9f: Balanced vs Unbalanced Supply Main
9.2.2 OPERATION & SERVICE PRECAUTIONS 操作&维修预防措施

Service: Only competent individuals trained in the repair of this equipment should attempt to service it. Detailed information for extensive repairs is included in this manual solely for the convenience of Users having proper knowledge, tools, and test equipment. Read and follow each step of all test and repair procedures to ensure their proper and safe completion.
维修:只有经过此设备维修培训的佼佼者才能尝试维护系统.详细维修信息包含在操作手册,方便用户掌握合适知识,工具和设备.读取下列测试和维修步骤,确保顺利安全完成.
Static Sensitivity: The unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge.
静电敏感度: 由于静电释,很容易损害LGA单元的电子原件.
a) When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a static-control wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges.
拆卸单元时,在静电控制的工作室进行,操作员需穿着静电控制腕带释放积聚的静电.

b) Always handle circuit boards (replacement and defective) by their nonconductive edges and use anti-static containers when transporting them.

通常拿绝缘边缘处理电路板.运输时采用防静电的集装箱.
3) Inlet air filters: Excessive dust buildup on the inlet air filter may cause a cooling system malfunction, improper calibration, and/or inaccurate analysis.
气体入口过滤器:气体入口过滤器的过灰尘堆积会导致冷却系统发生故障,不正确的标定/不正确的分析.
4) Do not operate the LGA unless it is properly installed and calibrated; inaccurate readings will result.
LGA未能正确安装和标定时,不要操作LGA.否则读取不正确的数据.
a) Use only calibration gases that meet or exceed the purity and accuracy
specifications listed in section 7.1.
使用的标气需满足或超出7.1部分推出的气体纯度和精度规格.
b) Use of the wrong calibration gases will result in improper calibration; the monitor will display invalid data.
使用错误标气会导致不正确标定,显示器显示无效数据.
c) Do not use calibration gas cylinders beyond their printed expiration date.
不要使用过期的标气气缸.
d) Calibration of the analyzer’s internal flow sensor requires a mass flow
meter that is calibrated and known to be accurate.
分析仪内部流量传感器标定需质量流计量器,被认定为精确的.
5) The scavenger pressure at the sample exhaust port must not be above or significantly below atmospheric pressure; inaccurate readings will result.
在样气排出口的清洁压力不能超过或严重低于大气压力,否则导致不正确读取.
6) Cleaning 清洁
a) Do not use harsh solvents to clean the instrument.
不要用粗糙的溶剂清理设备.
b) Use cleaning solutions sparingly. Do not immerse the analyzer in liquid. Excessive solution can flow into the unit and cause damage to internal components.
有节制的使用清洁溶液.不要将分析仪浸入到液体中.多于的溶液会流入单元导致内部部件的损坏.
9.3 INTERNAL SUBASSEMBLIES & COVER REMOVAL内部部件装配&机壳移动
The Laser Gas Analyzer includes the following subassemblies:
LGA包含如下部件装配:

Chassis and Cover 机壳,外壳
Front Panel Assembly: includes sample inlet and exhaust fittings.
前面板集合:包括样气进口和排放设备.
Detector Module: includes the laser power supply, two avalanche photodiode(APD) modules, optics module, prism, needle valves, plasma tube, and(APD) modules, optics module, prism, needle valves, plasma tube, and laser alignment wobble plate.
探测器模块:包括激光电压供应,两个雪崩光敏二极管(APD)模块,光学器件模块,三棱镜,针阀,等离子管, 激光对正摇动盘.
Power Assembly: includes a power line filter, power supply(+12, -12, +5, -5 Vdc) and power distribution board.
电源集合:包含电源线过滤器,电源供应 (+12, -12, +5, -5 Vdc)和电源分配板 .
Power Input Module: includes fuses and power cord receptacle.
电源输入模块:包含保险和插座
Flow Control Assembly: includes the sample pump, gas control board,
associated gas filters, and tubing flow control orifices.
流量控制集合:包含样气泵气体控制板,和气体相关的过滤器
Computer Assembly: includes the electronics chassis, motherboard with CPU(processor) and RAM (memory), LGA interface card, IDE hard drive, video card, network card(s), serial, parallel and USB ports.
计算机集合:包括电子器件机壳,带CPU和RAM的主板.,LGA 接口卡, IDE硬盘驱动,显卡,网络卡,串并联USB接口.
APD Cooling Fan and Inlet Air Filter
APD冷气扇和进气过滤器
Auxiliary Cooling Fan 辅助冷风扇
The LGA’s internal components are accessed by removing the LGA’s cover. Figure 9g illustrates the cover removal/installation. Figure 9h shows the analyzer with its cover removed.
通过移开LGA机壳盖子,可看到内部部件. 9g表格说明了外壳移动/安装. 9h显示的是分析仪拆去盖子的状态.
Cover Removal 盖子移动
Turn the unit OFF and unplug it. 关闭单元拔掉插头.
At the rear of the analyzer, remove the four screws that fasten the cover to the top (2 screws) and sides (1 screw on each side). Set them aside for reinstallation.
在分析仪背部,卸下四个螺丝(上面两个,两侧各一个).放置在旁,安装时使用.
Slide the cover toward the analyzer’s rear until it stops.
将盖子向分析仪后滑动直至其停止.
Lift the rear of the cover and continue to slide it toward the rear of the chassis until it can be lifted off.
提起盖子后面,继续朝机壳后面滑动直至被取下.
Cover Installation 盖子安装
Ensure that the unit is OFF and unplugged.
确保关闭单元，拔掉插头.
Ensure that all wires and cables are inside the analyzer and are routed properly.
确保所有分析仪内部的线正确布置.
From the rear of the monitor, slide the cover onto the monitor chassis.
在监视器后面,滑动盖子至监视器机壳上.
Install the four screws that fasten the cover to the rear of the chassis.
安装上四个螺丝,将盖子固定在后面的机壳上.

Figure 9g: LGA Cover Removal

Figure 9h: LGA Internal View
9.4 FRONT PANEL ASSEMBLY 前面板集合
The front panel assembly contains the sample gas inlet and exhaust ports. It may have to be removed at times to provide service access to internal components.
前面板集合包含样气入口和出口.当需对内部部件进行维修时,可能需要卸下.
This following procedures assume that:
步骤如下:

The analyzer is OFF and unplugged.
分析仪关闭,拔下电源.
The analyzer has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
将分析仪移至干净的环境,放置水平表面(桌子/操作台)
The analyzer’s cover has been removed.
卸下分析仪盖子.
Equipment and Tools: Phillips screwdriver (#2), 7/16” & 1/2” wrenches
设备和工具: Phillips螺丝刀(#2), 7/16” & 1/2”扳手
The front panel assembly is removed as follows:
前操作面板集合拆卸操作如下:
The internal optics-gas tubing is generally routed through hold-downs attached to the inside of the front-panel assembly. Release the optics-gas tubing from these holders.
内部光学气体管一般通过下面洞安装在前面板集合。从这个洞更换光学气体管.
Remove the external nuts and washers that hold the sample inlet and exhaust ports to the front panel.
卸下外部螺母和固定样气入口和样气出口的垫圈
Remove the four screws (2 on each side) that fasten the front panel assembly to the front of the analyzer’s chassis. Set them aside for reinstallation.
卸下四个位于分析仪前机壳用于固定前面板集合的螺丝(每边一个),放在旁边以备安装使用.
Carefully, separate the front panel assembly from the chassis. The panel should slide over the sample and exhaust ports, which remain with the chassis.
仔细的将前控制面板集合和机壳分离.将面板滑出样气排气出口,
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
重新安装需查看拆卸步骤.

Figure 9i: LGA Front Panel Removal
9.5 DETECTOR MODULE ASSEMBLY 探测模块集合
This section presents information on servicing and replacing the LGA’s detector module. Analyzer service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
此部分显示了维修和更换LGA探测模块的信息. 分析仪维修应由在电子设备维修方面有经验的人,配备适合的工具和检测设备来完成.建议所有涉及LGA维修的人员进行激光安全培训.至少,要懂得ANSI Z136.1-2000(美国国家激光安全使用标准)的知识.
Refer to section 1.5 for information regarding ARI’s service and repair policies. For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers listed on the front cover of this manual.
涉及ARI的维护和修理政策信息请参考1.5部分.关于技术支持,请联系ARI的技术支持部门.
LGA Laser Information LGA激光信息
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: HeNe
Max Power: < 2.5 x 10-3 W
Divergence: 2m rad
WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光辐射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view either directly with optical instruments.
不要直视激光束或光学器件反射的光束.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD警告:电击&易燃隐患

When being serviced, the LGA unit should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines which require that the LGA unit be powered and/or running.
当处于维护状态, LGA单元应关闭或从AC电源将插头拔下.当需要LGA单元通电/运转时，进行常规检查时需谨慎.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY警告:静电敏感度
The LGA unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a staticcontrol wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于静电释放,很容易损害LGA单元的电子原件.拆卸单元时,在静电控制室进行,操作员需穿着静电控制腕带释放积聚的静电.通常拿绝缘边去处理电路板.由于释放损坏的元件不在担保范围之内.
9.5.1 DETECTOR MODULE DESCRIPTION 探测模块描述
The detector module is the heart of the analyzer. It contains these key components:
探测模块是分析仪的心脏.他包括如下重要部件:

Laser power feedback photodiode.
Helium-neon laser tube with mirror.
Laser alignment wobble plate with mirror.
Prism.
Optics module that contains the optical filters and the gas cell.
Heating elements.
Two avalanche photodiode (APD) modules.
Laser power supply.
Desiccator cartridges (remove moisture from the cooled detector cavity)
1)激光电压反馈光电二极管
2)带镜的氦氖激光管.
3)激光对正摇摆盘和反射镜.
棱镜.
5)光学器件模块包括光学过滤器和气体介质.
6)加热成份
两个雪崩光敏二极管模块 (APD) .
8)激光电源
干燥剂药包 (移出潮湿)
The laser consists of a helium-neon plasma tube that contains an active medium that amplifies light, and two mirrors that reflect and focus the light. The light is amplified in the active medium while it reflects between two mirrors and defines the laser beam. One mirror is hard mounted to the laser tube and is not adjustable; the other mirror is mounted to the wobble plate and can be adjusted to optimize the laser power. As the alignment of the mirrors becomes more exact, more light is reflected. The laser power is highest when the mirrors reflect the greatest amount of light.
激光有氦氖等离子管,内含活性介质可增强光,两个镜可反射光和聚光.当在两个镜中反射时,在活性介质中的光得到增强,被定义为激光束.一个镜很难安装在激光管上,而且很难调节;另外一个安装在摇摆盘上是可调节的,可优化激光电源.镜的调整越精确,就会有越多的光被反射.当所有镜反射最多的光时,激光电压达到最大.
The prism is in the laser light path. It is used to select the desired wavelength (632.8nm) of laser light that is transmitted through the center of the gas cell.
激光的路径会通过棱镜.棱镜用于选择所需的穿过气体介质中心的激光波长(632.8nm).
The laser power feedback photodiode measures the laser intensity and sends this information to a power measurement circuit. The gas sample is pulled through the gas cell where it is exposed to the laser beam. The laser beam scatters Raman (wavelength) shifted light from the gas molecules. Optical filters select only the Raman signals specific to each of the gases (i.e., CO2, O2, N2, etc.). They allow the Raman light to pass through to the avalanche photodiodes (APDs), which detect the gas signals.
激光电源反馈光敏二极管测量激光强度,且把此信息送至电压测量电路.样气会经过气体介质,此时就会暴露在激光束下.激光束散射从气体分子里移出拉曼（波长）.光学过滤器只选择符合条件的气体(如, CO2, O2, N2, etc.).拉曼信号允许激光通过探测气体信号的雪崩光敏二极管 (APDs).
A comparator detects the output signal from each APD. The signal pulses are converted to digital signals and sent to the interface board, where they are counted. Then they are sent to the CPU board, where they are processed.
比较仪探测每台APD 的输出信号.信号脉冲转化成数码信号送至接口面板进行计算.然后送至CPU控制板进行处理.
Changes in temperature can affect the alignment of the laser and can cause the filter wavelengths to drift. The prism heater maintains the temperature of the prism. The E.O. (electro-optic) block heater, or optics module heater, maintains the temperature of the entire optics module. Each heater is controlled by a separate controller on the power distribution board.
温度上的改变可能影响激光对准,导致波长移位.棱镜加热器控制棱镜的温度. E.O. (电子光学) 模块加热器控制所有光学器件模块温度.每个加热器都分别由分布在控制板上的电源控制.
APD Modules
Two APD modules contain the avalanche photodiodes, thermo-electric coolers, temperature sensors, and associated electronics. The APD modules (gases 1-4 and gases 5-8) in the detector module assembly are exact duplicates. Each module has four APDs; thus there are a total of eight APDs.
APD模块包括雪崩光敏二极管, 电子恒温器冷却器,温度传感器,和相关的电子原件. 探测器模块集合中的APD模块(气体 1-4 和气体 5-8)是精确重复.每个模块有四个APD;因此共有八个APD.

Figure 9j: LGA Detector Module Drawing

Figure 9k: LGA Detector Module Photo

The APDs require a high voltage reverse bias and operate linearly, with a high sample rate. When light is radiated on the reverse-biased APDs, an avalanche of current is triggered.
APD需要高电压的反响偏压和线性操作，用高采样率，光散射到反向偏压的APD时,启动雪崩电流.
High voltage bias: The high voltage is set and maintained by a source-follower FET circuit. The high voltage supply provides 290 V. This voltage is adjusted to match each APD(range = 175 to 250 V) via a potentiometer voltage divider connected to the gate of the regulating FET. An 18-V zener diode between the gate and the FET source protects the device from backlash voltages that could occur during operation.
高压偏差:通过电源跟随器FET电路设定并保持高压.高压为290V.通过连接到调节FET阀门上的电位计电压分压器来调节电压，使之适合每个APD(范围=175 to 250 V). 在阀门和FER电源间的18-V的齐纳二极管,保护设备免于在操作中产生反斜线电压.
APD temperature feedback and control: The APDs are cooled to lower the background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Their junction temperature is maintained close to –5° Celsius. Each APD is cooled by a thermoelectric cooler (TC1) that is powered by drivers on the power distribution board. Temperature feedback is accomplished by mounting a thermistor (RT2) close to the APDs in a resistive bridge that is monitored on the power distribution board.
APD温度反馈和控制:APD温度下降可降低背景噪音并改善信号与噪音的比率.连接温度控制在–5℃.每个APD通过热电冷却机(TC1)降温. 热电冷却机由位于电源分配面板上的驱动装置提供电压.温度反馈通过安装电热调节器 (RT2)完成.电热调节器 (RT2)安装在接近APDs 的电阻桥上，在电源分配板上监视.

Laser Power Supply 激光电压供应
The laser power supply is the energy source for the laser. It is a DC-to-DC converter that uses high-frequency energy conversion technology to achieve 85% efficiency. It has feedback-regulated output current, feedback-regulated start voltage, and output-short-circuit protection.
激光电压供应是为激光提供能源.是一种DC-到-DC的转换器,应用高频能源转化原理达到85%的效率.他有反馈调节输出电流, 反馈调节启动电压和输出短路保护.
The laser power supply provides a high-start voltage that can exceed 10 KV. When the laser is on, the output voltage is 2350 V at 5 mA. The input to the supply is +12 Vdc at about 1.2 A.
激光电压提供高启动电压,可超过10KV。当启动电压,输出电压为2350 V 5 mA.输入供应为+12 Vdc大约为 1.2 A.

9.5.2 SIGNAL STRENGTH & LASER VOLTAGE/PERCENT
信号强度&激光电压/百分数
The signal produced by a given gas compound is directly related to the compound concentration and the strength of the laser. Laser percent is a relative value that is used as a performance indicator. When the detector module was installed, the laser was optimized to its maximum voltage. This voltage (set on screen SysCfg) defines a 100 percent laser.
给定气体混合气产生的信号和混合物浓度和激光强度相关.激光百分比是一个相对数值用做执行指示器.当探测模块安装,激光会调至最大电压.电压(在SysCfg屏上设定)限定一个百分之百的激光.
Laser strength will be reduced by optics misalignment, optics fouling and general laser decay (burn-out over time). A strong laser is desirable, but the LGA can function very well with a low laser percent indication so long as the gas detectors (APDs) generate sufficient signal strength. Screen GasCalc displays a sensitivity parameter for each gas detector channel (APD). These parameters (parts-per-million-of-gas per count-of-signal-generated) are the best indicator of analyzer performance.
光学器件的错误调正, 光学器件的污秽和自然衰变(超过时间)会减少激光强度.强的激光呵护是需要的,但是,只要激光探测器(APDs)产生充足的信号强度,低强度的激光也可以很好的发挥作用. GasCalc屏显示了每种探测器通道(APD)的敏感度参数.这些参数(parts-per-million-of-gas per count-of-signal-generated)是分析仪运作的最好指示符.
Laser voltage/percent and gas channel sensitivity values should be checked periodically. The detector module should considered usable so long as each APD channel has a sensitivity value that meets Users criteria. Detector modules that fail the usability test should be checked for alignment (section 9.5.3). If the alignment fails to improve performance, optics cleaning should be performed (section9.5.4).
激光电压/百分比和气体通道敏感值需定期查看.只要每个APD通道都有敏感度,满足用户的标准,则探测模块认定为可用的.探测模块在应用检测中失败应检查调节(9.5.3部分).若改善性能调正失败,应该清洁光学器件(9.5.4部分).
9.5.3 LASER ALIGNMENT 激光调正
The LGA’s laser alignment should be checked;
LGA激光调正需核实:

after replacement of the detector module
after any changes in the unit’s operating cell pressure, flow rate or temperature.
after any significant drop in laser strength.
1)更换探测模块后
2)每次更改单元操作介质压力,流速或温度后
任何一次严重激光强度的下跌.

Equipment and tools: 设备和工具

Phillips screwdriver (#2); a 90 degree, ratchet-type may be required for LGA units mounted within an electrical enclosure.
LGA单元安装可能需要Phillips 螺丝刀 (#2);90度角, ratchet-type
Allen wrench, 1/8" (screwdriver-like handle is preferred). The detector module contains a fixed-position laser and a prism/mirror module mounted on a spring-loaded wobble plate. In the alignment process, the position of the mirror is adjusted (by moving the wobble plate) to maximize the amount of light it reflects. Laser voltage/percent is an indication of this reflected light. To align the laser, proceed as follows:
方孔螺丝头扳手1/8" (螺丝装置把手是首选).探测器模式包含定位激光和棱镜∕反射镜安装在摇摆盘上.棱镜模块.在调整过程中,镜的位置调至最大量的激光反射.激光电压/百分比指示了这种反射光.调整激光步骤如下:
Make sure that the LGA has been operating with the cover on for at least 15 minutes.
确保分析仪机使用这个壳至少15分钟.
Display the ManCtrl screen:
显示ManCtrl屏:
a) Place the unit in MANUAL mode
b) Verify that the sample flow rate is approximately 250 ml/min.
a)单元调至手动模式
b)核实样气流量大约在250 ml/min.
Display the Align screen to view the laser voltage signal.
显示Align屏查看激光电压信号.
WARNING: The auxiliary cooling fan is controlled by internal temperature circuits and may turn on without warning.
警告:附加冷风扇通过内部温度电路控制,可能会在没有警告时开启.
Remove the auxiliary cooling fan assembly to gain access to the laser alignment adjusting screws. Use a #2 Phillips screwdriver to remove the two screws that secure the fan housing to the back panel. Hinge the assembly to the left, pull it out (be careful with the wires), and rest it in a secure manner. DO NOT allow the fan assembly to dangle by its electrical wires.
卸下附加冷风扇集合看到激光调正调节螺丝. 用#2 Phillips 螺丝刀卸下两个螺丝.将集合移到左侧取出(注意电线),放置妥当.不要用自身的电线将风扇集合挂起.
Look through the opening in the back panel to locate the top and side xhe screws that are part of the detector module’s rear mirror (wobble plate) assembly.
查看被面板顶部和侧面螺丝，它们是诊断模块后面反射镜的集合（摇摆盘）。
Alignment
Screw B
Alignment
Screw A

Figure 9l: Laser Alignment Screws
Note: Do not turn the alignment screws more than 1/2 turn in either direction. If the power drops to zero and you cannot regain it, do not make any further adjustment. Call ARI Technical Support for assistance.
注:不要向任何方向转动调正螺丝多于1/2转.若电压下降到零不能恢复,不要进行任何调整.联系ARI技术支持.
6) Using the 1/8”Allen wrench, turn the top screw (A) very slightly clockwise to peak the laser voltage value. If the laser voltage value decreases, turn the screw counter-clockwise until the voltage is peaked.
使用1/8”六角扳手,轻轻的按顺时针方向拧动顶部螺丝(A)至最大电压值.若激光电压值下降,按逆时针方向调节直至恢复最大值.
7) After the laser voltage is peaked with the top screw, turn the side screw (B) very slightly to peak the laser voltage again.
通过顶部螺丝调节到最大激光电压后,轻轻旋转侧面螺丝(B)再次达到最大激光电压.
8) Repeat steps 6 and 7 until you can obtain no further increase in laser voltage.
重复6和7步骤直至不能够再得到更高的激光电压.
WARNING: The auxiliary cooling fan is controlled by internal temperature circuits and may turn on without warning.
警告:辅助冷风扇通过内部温度电路可控制,可能再无警告的情况下开启.
9) Reinstall the auxiliary cooling fan assembly. Position the lip on the fan housing inside the back panel opening and carefully hinge the assembly into place. Do not pinch the fan electrical wires. Install the two screws that secure the fan to the panel.
重新安装辅助冷风扇集合。位于风扇室，在背面板里面；小心集合铰链进入。不要掐风扇的电线.拧紧螺丝固定风扇到控制板上.
10) The LGA should be recalibrated after completing the laser alignment
procedure.
在完成激光调整过程后,LGA可被重新标定.
9.5.4 CLEANING LASER OPTICS 清洁光学器件
The laser optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a system of air dams. In some situations the optics can become contaminated and require cleaning. Contamination is generally indicated by low laser power and/or low signal strength.
通过与样气流直接接触可保护光学原件.有些情况会导致光学器件污染需要清洁.可通过低激光电压/低信号强度发现污染.
Read and understand section 9.5.2: Signal Strength & Laser Voltage/Percent. Repeated cleaning of the optic surfaces can damage them. Do not over-clean. While 100% laser is desirable, the unit may run just fine at a lower level. Know when to quit.
阅读 9.5.2部分:信号强度&激光电压/百分比.不断的擦拭光学器件表面会导致损坏.不要过分清洁.100%激光电压是希望,单元也可在低水平电压下运转. Know when to quit.
Read and understand this entire procedure before beginning to clean the laser optics.
在清洁光学原件前请阅读完整过程.
WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光辐射
Do not stare into the beam or reflections from the beam or view it directly with optical instruments.
不要直示光束或反射的光束,要通过光学设备直接看.
WARNING: SENSITIVE OPTICAL SURFACES 敏感光学器件表面
Use only approved cotton swabs moistened with HPLC grade acetone for cleaning the laser optics. Dry swabs will scratch the optical surfaces.
使用认可的棉花到HPLC等级的丙酮液沾湿擦干净激光光学器件。干擦将划痕光学器件表面。
Equipment and tools 装置和工具
• Safety eyeglasses 安全目镜
• Phillips screwdriver (#2) Phillips螺丝刀(#2)
• 1/8” Allen wrench 1/8”六角扳手
• 3/32” Allen wrench 3/32” 六角扳手
• Optics Cleaning Swabs (wood handle, cotton swab with no binders)光学器件清洁Swabs(木柄,棉swab无粘合剂)
• Optics Cleaning Solution (Acetone, HPLC grade)光学器件清洁溶液(HPLC等级的丙酮)
• Needle-nose pliers, insulated Needle-nose镊子,绝缘
• Insulating paper, such as fish paper or a manila folder绝缘纸,如青壳纸manila folder.
There are four optical surfaces that may require cleaning. For each surface, the cleaning process involves gaining access to the surface and wiping/scrubbing it with an acetonemoistened cotton swab.
有四个光学器件表面需要清理,每个表面清理过程都涉及接触表面，用沾湿丙酮的棉花擦拭.
There are two basic causes of “dirty” laser optics: particulates and film. Particulate matter can usually be removed from the surface with a gentle wipe. If a film has formed on the surface, however, the nature of the film will determine whether the surface will clean easily with a gentle wipe or will need firm scrubbing.
有两个导致光学器件污染的基本原因:颗粒和薄膜.颗粒物质可轻轻擦拭表面去除.若在表面形成膜状,则薄膜的性质决定是否采取清擦去除还是需要进一步擦洗.
When a surface is truly clean, it will feel “squeaky-clean” when a swab is firmly wiped across its surface. Each surface must be cleaned (gentle wipe or firm scrub) until that effect is achieved.
当表面很干净，用力擦过表面将发出吱吱声音。每个表面必须清洁直到取得效果。
Cleaning Rules 清洁规则
The following rules must be followed to ensure that the surfaces are properly cleaned:
确保表面合理清洁需遵循如下规则:

Use a new cotton-tipped swab for each wipe of any surface. Never reuse a swab; each wipe puts contaminants on the swab that will prevent successful cleaning if it is reused.
每次清洁表面都需使用新棉花为擦净物,不要重复擦；每次擦拭都使得污物沾到棉花上,若重新使用会影响清洁度.
The swab must be thoroughly moistened with acetone (but not dripping). Dry swabs can/will scratch the optic’s surface.
擦净物需在丙酮中(but not dripping)浸湿,干的擦净物会在光学器件表面留下划痕.
If laser strength decreases after a surface is wiped, it can mean that:若用力擦表面后激光强度降低了,则意味着:
a) Contaminants have been added to the surface.表面沾染很多的的污物
b) Existing surface contaminants have been move around to a worse position.存于表面的污物已经移到更糟的位置.
c) Too much acetone was used. Re-clean the surface with a new, acetone-moistened swab. Do not try to get laser strength back by aligning the laser.使用了过多的丙酮，用新的浸了丙酮的擦净物再次清理表面，不要试图通过调整激光来使是激光强度恢复.
The sampling pump must be off to prevent pulling contaminants into the laser.采样泵需关闭，防止将污物吸入系统.
Surface Cleaning Procedure 表面清洁步骤
The optics cleaning procedure is described below. To avoid needless instruction repetition within that procedure, this “Surface Cleaning Procedure” is presented as sub-procedure.
光学器件清洁步骤表述如下.为避免不必要重复,此表面清洁步骤作为清洁的分步骤.

“Surface Clean” procedure

Realign the laser for maximum voltage.
Record the laser voltage value for later comparison in Step 5.
Perform a “Gentle wipe”.
Perform a “Firm scrub”.
Perform a “Gently wipe”.
Realign the laser for maximum voltage.
1)重新调正获得最大电压.在第五步骤记下激光电压,为比较做准备.
轻拭
进一步擦拭
轻柔擦拭
重新调正获得最大电压
If the laser voltage is less than that obtain in Step 1, repeat the cleaning from Step 2.
若激光电压比步骤1中获得的小,从第二步开始重复清洁.
“Gentle Wipe” directions 轻拭指导
Take a new cotton-tipped swab and dip it into the acetone. Shake the swab once to remove excess acetone.
取新的棉花做擦净物,浸入丙酮.抖动擦净物去掉多于丙酮.
Gently wipe the surface once with the swab; be sure to extend the cleaning beyond the area through which the beam passes. Dispose of the swab; do not reuse it.
用擦净物轻柔擦拭表面,确保扩大清洁面积大于光束通过面积.处理掉擦净物,不要重复使用.
Wait for the acetone to dry and check the laser power. If the laser power increased, realign the laser for maximum power.
等丙酮干后检查激光电源压. 如果激光电压升高, 恢复激光最大电压。
“Firm Scrub” directions 进一步擦拭
Take a new cotton-tipped swab and dip it into the acetone. Shake the swab once to remove excess acetone.
取新的棉花做净擦物浸入丙酮.抖动擦净物去掉多于丙酮.
Firmly scrub the surface back and forth, being sure to clean as much of the surface as possible. Dispose of the swab; do not reuse it.
用力擦前后表面,尽可能擦拭所有表面. 处理掉擦净物,不要重复使用.
Wait for the acetone to dry and check the laser power. If the power increased, realign the laser for maximum power.
等丙酮干后检查激光电压. 如果激光电压升高, 恢复最大激光电压。
Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 until the surface feels squeaky clean when scrubbed. It may take several scrubbings (5 or more) to completely clean the surface.
重复123步骤指导表面干净,完成清洁需五次擦拭或更多.
Note: the scrubbing must be quite firm to achieve the “squeaky feel.”
注;擦洗必须获得“吱吱的感觉”
Optics Cleaning Procedure 光学器件清洁步骤
This procedure must be performed in a clean (dust free) environment. It is best performed with the LGA sitting on a horizontal surface (desk or workbench). ARI recommends that non-portable LGA units be removed from their electrical enclosure prior to cleaning. There are four optical surfaces that must be cleaned:
执行此操作需在清洁的环境下(无灰尘).将LGA放置到水平面上(桌子或操作台).ARI建议在清洁前将非便携式的LGA单元从它们的电子屏蔽中移出.必须清洁如下光学器件表面:
The Brewster window.
One side of the prism.
The other side of the prism.
The mirror.
The Brewster window.
棱镜的一个侧面.
棱镜的其他侧面.
反射镜.

The laser optics are cleaned as follows:
光学器件清洁步骤如下:

Turn the LGA off and move it to the cleaning area.关闭LGA,移至清洁区
Remove the unit’s cover. 卸下单元盖子
Connect a monitor, keyboard and mouse.连接监视器,键盘和鼠标
Turn the LGA and monitor on 打开监视器
Display the ManCtrl screen 显示ManCtrl屏
a) Place the unit in MANUAL mode 调至手动模式
b) Select an appropriate sampling port. 选择合适的采样口
c) Turn the sampling pump OFF to prevent pulling room contaminants into the analysis cell. 关闭采样口防止室内污物浸入分析仪介质
d) Verify that the gas cell is at atmospheric pressure. 调整气体介质在大气压力
Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage.调节激光至最大电压
Record the laser voltage measurement for later reference.记录激光电压测量值以备参考
Prism lid 棱镜盖
Brewster window cover Brewster window盖

Figure 9m: Brewster Window and Prism Covers
Steps 7 – 10: Brewster Window Cleaning
步骤7-10: Brewster Window清洁
7). Remove the Brewster window cover by removing the two 3/32 hex socket screws that secure the cover. Leave the tubing connected and lay the cover and tubing out of the way.
卸下螺丝,移开Brewster window盖子,保持管系连接,将盖子放置安全处.

WARNING: Be sure you are wearing protective safety eyeglasses to avoid getting acetone in your eyes before continuing with the following steps.
警告:确保穿着保护性安全目镜，避免丙酮进入眼睛,操作如下:

Surface Clean the Brewster window surface.
清洁Brewster window表面
Replace the Brewster window cover. Make sure the O-ring is in good condition and properly seated in the O-ring groove. Replace if necessary.
安装好Brewster window盖子.确保O形衬垫完好放置在槽内.若需要重新安装.
Check the laser voltage to make sure no particles fell on the surface
during the cover’s replacement. If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 15.
检查激光电压,确保安装盖子时无尘粒落在表面.若激光强度很大,进行步骤15的操作.
Steps 11 – 16: Prism & Mirror Cleaning
步骤11-16;棱镜&镜的清洁
Warning: When the prism cover is removed, two beams reflect upward from the prism. Be careful to avoid staring into the laser beam or these reflections.
警告:当移开棱镜盖子,从棱镜反射出两道向上的光束.注意避免直视光束或反射光.
To expose the prism and mirror, remove the two 3/32 hex socket screws that secure the prism lid.
露出棱镜和镜,转动棱镜盖上的3/32 hex socket固定螺丝
sample pump must still be off.
Do not touch any parts enclosed by the prism housing.
Do not touch the prism with your hands.
样气泵需关闭
不要碰触棱镜中的任何部件
不要用手碰触棱镜
Surface Clean one side of the prism.
If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 15.
清洁棱镜一个表面
若激光强度足够,进入步骤15.
Surface Clean the other side of the prism.
If the laser is sufficient, go to step 15.
清洁棱镜其他表面
若激光充足,进入步骤15.
Surface Clean the mirror.
清洁镜表面
Replace the lid on the prism enclosure. Make sure the O-ring is in good condition and properly seated in the O-ring groove. Replace if necessary.
安装好棱镜盖子.确保O形衬垫完好装在槽内,若有必要重新安装.
Check the laser voltage to make sure no particles fell on the surfaces
during the cover’s replacement.
检查激光电压,确保安装盖子时无尘粒落在表面.
If the laser is sufficient, go to step 17.
若激光充足,进入步骤17.
If the cleaning was not successful, then repeat the process from the beginning one more time. It may take two full cycles of cleaning all four surfaces to achieve acceptable laser strength.
若清洁完成,在重复此过程一次.可能会需两轮清洁来清理四个表面来达到合格的激光强度.

Steps 17 – 23: Cleaning Conclusion
步骤17-23;清洁终结
17) Turn the pump ON and wait for the pressure to stabilize.
打开泵等待压力稳定
18) Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage.
调节激光至最大电压
If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 19.
若强度足够,进入步骤19.
If the laser strength is not sufficient, the detector module should be replaced.
若激光强度不够,需重新安装探测模块.
19) Turn the power off and then replace the instrument’s cover.
关闭电源,安装好设备盖子.
20) Install the LGA in it’s electrical enclosure.
安装好LGA 电子屏蔽室.
21) Apply power the LGA system and allow it to warm up for at least 15 minutes.
开启LGA系统电源,使之预热至少15分钟.
22) Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage
调节激光至最大电压
9.5.5 DETECTOR MODULE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
探测模块拆卸&安装
This section presents the procedure for removing the LGA detector module.
此部分介绍了LGA探测模块的拆卸步骤
Equipment and tools: 设备和工具:
• Safety eyeglasses
• Phillips screwdriver (#2)
• 3/8" nut driver (preferably with magnet) or socket wrench
• Needle-nose pliers, insulated
•安全目镜
• Phillips 螺丝刀 (#2)
• 3/8" 螺帽装置 (带磁的) 或一套扳手
• 钳子，绝缘

WARNING:
ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
When being serviced, the LGA should be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source.
警告:电击&易燃隐患
当处于维修状态, LGA单元应关闭或从AC电源将插头拔下.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY警告:静电敏感度

The LGA’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a static-control wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于静电释,很容易损害LGA单元的电子原件.拆卸单元时,在静电控制室进行,操作员需穿着静电控制腕带释放积聚的静电.通常拿绝缘边缘处理电路板.由于静电释放损坏的元件不在担保范围之内.
WARNING: Do not grasp or lift the prism lid when handling the detector module.
警告:当处理探测模块时不要抓或提起棱镜盖子.
Remove the detector module as follows:
探测模块拆卸如下:

Turn the LGA off and unplug it. 关掉LGA,拔下插头.
Remove the cover. 卸下盖子
Disconnect the two pneumatic lines that connect to the detector module:
断开两根连在探测模块上的气动线路.
a) Sample line: disconnect the luer-fitting on the gas cell inlet filter.
采样线路:断开样气入口过滤器上的luer-fitting
b) Exhaust line: disconnect the in-line luer-fitting located between the gas cell exhaust and the pressure sensor on the gas circuit board.
排气线路:断开气体电路板上的,位于气体排气和压力传感器之间的in-line luer-fitting
Disconnect these cables (mark them for reinstallation):
断开所有线路(做好重新安装的准备)
a) On the power distribution board, disconnect the 7 detector module cables from JH1, JH2, JH3, JH4, JH5, JH6, and JH7.
在电源分配板上, 从JH1, JH2, JH3, JH4, JH5, JH6, and JH7.断开7个探测模块线路
b) On the left APD board, disconnect the cables from JM1 and JM3.
在左侧APD操作板,断开JM1 和JM3的连接.
c) On the right APD board, disconnect the cables from JM1 and JM3.
在右侧APD操作板,断开JM1 和 JM3的连接.
d). On the gas control board, disconnect the cable from JT4.
在气体控制面板,从JT4断开线路.
Note: Lay the ribbon cables over the interface board to keep them out of the way.
注:将接口面板的线路安置妥当.
Using the 3/8" nut driver, remove the 3 nuts that secure the detector module to the chassis.
用3/8"螺帽装置,卸下三个固定探测模块的螺母.
Grasp the detector module by the inner heat sink on the laser tube and under JM3 on the left APD board. Refer to Figure 8n.
在激光管和左侧的APD板的JM3上由内部热力接收端抓住诊断模块 .参考图8n.
Lift straight up until the assembly clears the LGA chassis. Move the cables as needed to lift the detector module out.
向上提起直至LGA清洁完成.提起探测模块过程中需要移动线路.

Figure 9n: Detector Module Replacement
Install the detector module as follows:
安装探测模块步骤如下:

Grasp the detector module by the inner heat sink on the laser tube and by JM3 on the left APD board. Refer to Figure 9n.
在激光管和左侧的APD板的JM3上由内部热力接收端抓住诊断模块 .参考图9n.
Note: Move the cables as needed.
注:需要移开线路.
Lower the detector module straight down onto the three studs. Using the 3/8" nut driver, install the three nuts.
垂直放低探测模块于三个双头螺栓上.使用3/8" 螺母装置,安装好三个螺母.
Connect the sample line luer-fitting to the gas cell inlet filter.
将样气线luer-fitting连接到气体入口过滤器上.
Connect the gas cell exhaust line to the pressure sensor on the gas control board.
将气体出口线路连接到气体控制面板的压力传感器上.
On the gas control board, connect the cable to JT4.
在气体控制面板,连接电缆到JT4.
Connect these cables to the right APD board:
连接电缆到右侧APD面板.
a) Interface board cable (JR5) to JM1. 接口板电缆(JR5)到TM5
b) Power distribution board cable (JH9) to JM3. 电源分配板电缆(JH9) 到 JM3
Connect these cables to the left APD board:
连接电缆到左侧APD面板
a) Interface board cable (JR4) to JM1. 接口板电缆(JR4)到JM1
b) Power distribution board cable (JH10) to JM3.电源分配板电缆(JH10) 到JM3.
Connect these cables to the power distribution board:
连接这些电缆到电源分配板:
a) Photodiode cable to JH1. 光电二极管到JH1
b) Optics module cable to JH2. 光学器件模块电缆到JH2
c) Temperature-controlled fan cable to JH3. 温度控制风扇电缆到JH3
d) Prism heater/thermistor cable to JH4. 棱镜加热器电缆到JH4
e) The left APD cable (JM2) to JH5. APD左侧电缆(JM2) to JH5
f) The right APD cable (JM2) to JH6APD右侧电缆(JM2) to JH6
g) Laser power supply cable to JH7.激光电源供应电缆到JH7
Install the LGA unit cover.安装LGA单元盖子
Connect all ancillary devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor, network cable, etc) to the LGA.
连接所有辅助设备(键盘,鼠标,监视器,网络线等)到LGA.
Plug the LGA it in and turn it on. 接通并打开LGA电源
Enter any linearization parameters provided with the detector module into the systems database on screen Cal-S.
在Cal-S屏输入探测模块提供的线性化参数到系统数据库.
Recalibrate the LGA. 重新标定LGA
9.5.6 DESICCATOR CARTRIDGE REPLACEMENT
The desiccator cartridges are filled with beige-colored desiccant beads that remove moisture from the cooled detector cavity. The cartridges also contain indicating beads that are blue when the desiccant is good and pink when the desiccant is expired. The cartridges should be checked quarterly and be replaced if the desiccant is expired.
干燥盒内装有米黄色干燥球,吸附湿气.干燥和也包含指示颗粒,当干燥剂没问题呈指示颗粒是蓝色,若干燥剂过期指示剂呈粉红色.干燥盒应季度性的检查一下,若干燥剂过期需更换.

Power off the monitor. Disconnect the monitor from the AC power source.
关掉显示器.断开AC电源于显示器的连接.
Remove the cover.移开盖子.
Neoprene tubing connects each desiccator cartridge to the detector module. Carefully lift each of the four used desiccator cartridges from the detector.
合成橡胶管将每个干燥盒连接到探测模块上.小心的将四个干燥盒提起.
While making sure the neoprene tubing remains in place between the new desiccator cartridge and the detector module, carefully press the desiccator into place. Make sure the barbed fitting on the detector module and the desiccator cartridge are both tightly connected to the tubing. The connection must be airtight.
确定合成橡胶管在新的干燥盒和探测模块之间,小心的将干燥盒按入.确保在探测模块和干燥剂连接到管.所有连接应是密封的.
Repeat step 4 for the three remaining three cartridges.剩余三个干燥盒操作重复步骤4
Install the cover.安装盖子

Figure 9o: Detector Module Desiccators
9.6 POWER ASSEMBLY 电源集合
The power assembly (Figure 9p) includes the line filter, the power supply, the power distribution board and the mounting bracket.
电源集合包括过滤器,电源供应,电源分流板和安装架.

Figure 9p: Power Assembly

Figure 9q: Power Supply Adjustment Potentiometers

Figure 9r: Power Distribution Board Test Points
9.6.1 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENTS电源供应电压调整
Adjust the system power supply when voltages (displayed on the Analog screen) are out of specifications:
当电压不符合规格时调节系统电源(显示在 Analog 屏)

+5 Vdc supply (analog channel 6) should read between 5.0 and 5.15 Vdc.
+12 Vdc supply (analog channel 7) should read between 11.4 and 12.6 Vdc.
+5 Vdc供应 (analog channel 6) 应该在 5.0 和5.15 Vdc.之间
+12 Vdc 供应 (analog channel 7) 应该在11.4和12.6 Vdc. 之间

The system power supply is located beneath the detector module. It consists of a large horizontal board on which a smaller board is mounted vertically. The power supply must be at full electrical load (i.e. no components disconnected) during the adjustment period. The voltage trim potentiometers (Figure 9q) are accessed by removing the unit’s cover and front panel assembly.
系统电压供应位于探测模块下.包括大的水平板上装有垂直的小面板.调节阶段,电压供应必须是满负荷 (例如:无不连接部件).移开单元盖子和前面板集合可看到整齐的电压计(Figure 9q).
Equipment and tools:设备和工具:

Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, set to a 20-volt scale
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Phillips 螺丝装置 (#2)
DVM: 数字电压表, 设定20-volt
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
3)小的，平口螺丝装置，1/8" （非导体）或 trimpot 调整工具
Adjusting the System Power Supply:调节系统电源供应
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭系统.关掉单元拔掉插头.
Remove the analyzer cover.
移开分析仪盖子.
Remove the front panel assembly.
移开前面板集合.
Locate the power supply voltage trim potentiometers (Figure 9q).
电源电压表
a) The +5 V trimpot (R27) is located on the large horizontal board.
The +5 V trimpot (R27)位于大水平板上.
b) The +12 V trimpot (R18) is located on the small vertical board.
The +12 V trimpot (R18)位于小垂直面板
Locate the +5V and +12V test points located on the power distribution board(Figures 9p and 9r).
+5V和+12V试验点位于电源分配板上（Figures 9p和9r）
Caution: Avoid contact with the unit’s internal components during the rest of this procedure to protect yourself from possible electric discharge.
注意:测试过程中,避免接触单元内部部件.,保护自己免受可能发生的电流释放伤害.
Plug the unit in and turn it on.
打开单元
Wait for the LGA program to startup and complete its startup/warm-up period.
等待LGA程序启动完成启动/预热.
To adjust the +5 V reading,
调节+5 V
a) On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the +5 test point (+).
在电源分流面板,连接数字电压表到GND (–) 和 +5 试验点 (+).

b) Adjust +5V trimpot (R27) to read 5.10 ± 0.05 V on the DVM.
调节+5V trimpot (R27),在DVM读取5.10 ± 0.05 V.
6) To adjust the +12 V reading,
调节+12 V
a) On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the +12 test point (+).
在电源分流面板,连接数字电压表到GND (–) 和 +5 试验点 (+).
b) Adjust +12V trimpot (R18) to read 12.0 ± 0.2 Vdc on the DVM.
调节+12V trimpot (R18),在DVM读取12.0 ± 0.2 Vdc
7) Display the Analog screen:
显示Analog屏
8) Verify the following:
验证如下:
a) The +5 Vdc supply (analog channel 6) reads between 5.0 and 5.15 Vdc.
b) The +12 Vdc supply (analog channel 7) reads between 11.4 and 12.6 Vdc.
a) +5 Vdc 供应 (analog channel 6) 在5.0 和 5.15 Vdc之间
b) +12 Vdc 供应 (analog channel 7) 在 11.4和2.6 Vdc之间

Warning: The system power supply needs to be replaced if the voltages out of the defined specifications.
警告: 若电压不在规定规格范围内,系统电源供应需要重新安装.
Warning: The APD high voltage values must be checked if the+12 Vdc power supply was adjusted. See section 9.6.2.
警告: 若+12 Vdc 电源供应被调整. 见 9.6.2部分. APD高压值

Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭系统,拔掉插头.
Remove the voltmeter.
移开电压表.
Install the front panel assembly.
安装前面板集合.
Install the analyzer cover.
安装分析仪盖子.
9.6.2 APD HIGH VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT APD高压调节
Adjust the APD power level when voltages (displayed on the Analog screen) are out of specifications:
当电压(显示在Analog 屏)不符合规格,调节APD 电源
Left APD Power (analog channel 4) should read between 289 and 291 Vdc.
Right APD Power (analog channel 13) should read between 289 and 291 Vdc.
左侧APD电压 (模拟通道 4) 在 289和291 Vdc之间.
右侧APD电压(模拟通道 13) 在289 和291 Vdc之间.
The APD power levels should be checked:
检查APD电源:
After adjusting the +12 V system power supply.
After replacing the system power supply and/or the power distribution board.
在调节+12 V系统电源供应之后.
在重装系统电源供应/电源分配板之后
Equipment and tools: 装备和工具:
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, set at or above a 300-volt scale
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, 设定为300-volt scale
3)小的，平口螺丝装置，1/8" （非导体）或 trimpot 调整工具
Adjusting the APD power level: 调节APD电源
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
Remove the analyzer cover.
关闭系统,拔掉电源.
装好分析仪盖子.
Caution: Avoid contact with the unit’s internal components during the rest of this procedure to protect yourself from possible electric discharge.
注意: 测试过程中,避免接触单元内部部件.,保护自己免受可能发生的电流释放伤害.
On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the HV (+) test point. Refer to Figures 9p and 9r.
在电源分配板上,连接电压表 GND (–) 和HV (+)试验点
.参考Figures 9p and 9r.
Plug the unit in and turn it on. Wait for the LGA program to startup and complete its startup/warm-up period.
连接插头,打开单元.等待LGA程序启动,完成启动/预热.
Display the Analog screen: 显示Analog 屏:
Locate VR1 on the power distribution board (Figure 9r) and adjust it to read 290.0 ± 1.0 volts on the DVM.
将VR1置于电源分配(Figure 9r),在DVM上调节至290.0 ± 1.0 volts .
Verify that:核实:
a) The Left APD Power (analog channel 4) reads 290.0 ±1.0 Vdc.
b) The Right APD Power (analog channel 13) reads 290.0 ± 1.0 Vdc.
a) 左侧 APD 电源(模拟通道 4) 读取290.0 ±1.0 Vdc.
b) 右侧 APD 电源 (模拟通道 13)读取 290.0 ± 1.0 Vdc.
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭系统,拔掉插头.
Remove the voltmeter.
移开电压表.
Install the analyzer cover.
安装分析仪盖子.
9.6.3 POWER ASSEMBLY REMOVAL电源集合拆除
This procedure assumes:
步骤如下:
The unit is OFF and unplugged. 系统断电,拔掉插头.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
断开LGA单元和外部泵管线 (采样和排放口)连接.
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
将LGA单元移到干净环境,放置于水平工作台(桌子或工作台)
The cover has been removed.
移开盖子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
将前面板集合从机壳上卸下.
Equipment and tools:设备和工具
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Open-end wrench, 5/16"
Phillips 螺丝装置 (#2)
扳手 5/16"

• Phillips screwdriver, 10" (#2)

Disconnect the APD power cables
断开APD电源电缆
Note: It is not necessary to disconnect the system power supply cable from JH11 on the power distribution board.:
注:不一定要断开电源分配板JH11上的系统电源供应电缆.
a) While facing the front of the analyzer, disconnect the cable from connector JM3 on the left APD board.
当面对分析仪前面时,断开左APD板上JM3的电缆.
b) While facing the front of the monitor, disconnect the cable from connector JM3 on the right APD board.
当面对监视器前面时,断开右APD板上JM3的电缆.
c) On the power distribution board, disconnect the right APD cable from JH6. Mark it for reinstallation.
在电源分配板上,断开右侧APD电缆和JN6的连接.
d) On the power distribution board, disconnect the left APD cable from JH5. Mark it for reinstallation.
在电源分配板上,断开左侧APD电缆与JH5.
Disconnect the cables listed below from the front of the power distribution board (mark them for reinstallation):
断开电源分配板前面如下所列线路(重装做好标记)
a) Photo diode cable from JH4.
b) Optics module cable from JH2.
c) Temperature fan cable from JH3.
d) Prism heater and thermistor cable from JH1.
e) Laser power supply cable from JH7.
f) APD fan cable from JH13.
g) Gas control board cable from JH14.
a) 光电二级管电缆和 JH4.
b) 光学模块电缆和 JH2.
c) 温度风扇电缆和JH3.
d) 棱镜加热器,热敏电阻电缆和JH1.
e) 激光电源供应电缆和 JH7.
f) APD 风扇电缆和JH13.
g) 气体控制板电缆和 JH14.
Disconnect the cables listed below from the back of the power distribution board:
断开后电源板上所列如下线:
a) CPU board cables (2) from JH16 and JH17. Mark the cables for
reinstallation.
JH16 和 JH17同CPU电缆板(方便重装做好标记)
b) Interface board cable from JH18.
接口板电缆同JH18
On both sides of the detector module, remove the 2 screws in the power supply assembly bracket corners. Save the screws for reinstallation.
在探测模块两侧,卸下两个螺丝,放好以备安装使用.
Lift the front of the power supply assembly to clear the tab, then pull the assembly straight out until the AC power connection is exposed.
提起电源供应集合前面,清洁tab,然后垂直拉出集合,直到看到AC电源连接.
Remove the AC power cable:移动AC电源线
a) Note the location, then disconnect the 3 fast-on connectors from the line side of the line filter.
注意位置,断开3 fast-on 和过滤器管线
b) Use the open-end wrench (5/16") to remove the nut and power cable shield ground.
使用open-end wrench (5/16")卸下螺母和电缆屏蔽接地.
Remove the power assembly from the chassis.
从机壳上卸下电源集合.

Figure 9s: Power Assembly Replacement
9.6.4 POWER ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION 电源集合安装
WARNING: Before proceeding, make sure the power supply assembly is configured for the proper line voltage. In the upper left quadrant of the power supply board, the 120V connector is between D7 and L3 and the 240V connector is next to C4; make sure the orange wire is connected to the proper one for the local line voltage.
警告:继续之间,确保电源集合设定在合适的线电压. 在电源供应板的左上部,120伏的连接器处于D7和L3之间,240伏的连接器接近C4;确保橙色线连接到合适线路确保合适的线电压.

From the front of the monitor, slide the power assembly in at an angle until the AC power cable is close enough to connect.
Note: Hold the APD fan cable so it doesn’t get pinched.
从监视器前,将电源集合呈一定角度滑入,直到AC电源线路足够连接.
注:握住APD电扇线免受挤压.
Install the AC power cable: 安装AC电源线
a) Connect the power cable shield ground wire and secure it with the nut,
using the open-end wrench (5/16") to tighten the nut.
连接电源电缆的屏蔽地线并用螺母固定,使用开口扳(5/16")拧紧螺母.
b) Connect the three fast-on connectors to the line side of the line filter as
noted when they were removed.
连接三个fast-on 到过滤器管线.
Carefully, tip and slide the power supply assembly in, then down when it clears the tab.
仔细的将电源供应集合滑进
On both sides of the detector module, install the two screws in each corner of the power supply assembly bracket.
在探测模块两侧,安装两个螺丝在每个电源集合托架中心.
Connect these cables to the back of the power distribution board:
将如下电缆连接到电源分配板背部.
a) CPU board cables (2) to JH16 and JH17.
CPU 板电缆 (2)到 JH16 和 JH17
b) Interface board cable to JH18.
接口板电缆 to JH18.
Connect these cables to the front of the power distribution board:
连接如下电缆到电源分配板前面
a) Photo diode cable to JH4.
光电二极管电缆到 JH4.
b) Optics module cable to JH2.
光学器件模块电缆到 JH2.
c) Temperature fan cable to JH3.
调温电扇电缆到 JH3.
d) Prism heater and thermistor cable to JH1.
棱镜加热器和热敏电阻电缆到 JH1.
e) Laser power supply cable to JH7.
激光电源供应电缆到 JH7.
f) APD fan cable to JH13.
APD 电扇电缆到 JH13.
g) Gas control board cable to JH14.
气体控制板电缆到 JH14.
Connect the APD power cables:
连接APD电源电缆:
a) Connect the cable at J4 on the power distribution board to JM3 on the left APD board.
连接电源分配板上的J4到左侧APD板上的JM3
b) Connect the cable at J3 on the power distribution board to JH3 on the right APD board.
连接电源分配板上的J3到右侧APD板上的JH3
c) Connect the cable at JM2 on the right APD board to JH6 on the power
distribution board.
连接APD板右侧的JM2到电源分配板上的JH6.
d) Connect the cable at JM2 on the left APD board to JH5 on the power
distribution board.
连接APD板左侧的JM2到电源分配板上的JH5.
After the LGA unit is reassembled, the following tests must be performed:
在LGA重装后,需进行如下测试:
Check the +5 V and +12 V readings as described in section 9.6.1.

Check the HV R and HV L readings as described in section 9.6.2.

检查 +5 V和 +12 V如 9.6.1部分所描述.

检查 the HV R和 HV L如 9.6.2部分所描述.

9.7 POWER INPUT MODULE 电源输入模块
The power input module includes the power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses.
电源输入模块包括电源卡容器,电源开关和保险丝.
9.7.1 FUSE REPLACEMENT 更换保险丝
Equipment and tools: Small, flat-blade screwdriver
设备和工具: 小的, 平口螺丝装置
WARNING 警告
Fire hazard—For continued protection against fire hazard, replace only with the same type and rating of fuse.
火灾隐患—为进一步防范火灾隐患,更换同种型号和电阻的保险丝.
CAUTION: Voltage—Always make sure the unit is set up to operate at the AC mains line voltage present at the “wall” receptacle.
注意:电压—确保单元安装的交流线电压在“wall”容器里.
Replacement Procedure:更换步骤

Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭单元拔掉插头.
Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry up and pull out the fuse cartridge assembly. Hold the assembly so the two fuses do not fall out as you withdraw the assembly.
使用小的平口螺丝装置将保险集合取出.
Replace each blown fuse with one of the same rating and reinsert the fuse cartridge assembly. Pry up catch on fuse holder. Fuse holder, top view, with fuses removed.
利用相同电阻的保险丝来替换每个棕色保险丝,再将电阻丝集合放回原位.

Figure 9t: Power Input Module & Fuse Replacement
9.7.2 POWER INPUT MODULE REPLACEMENT 电源输入模块更换
This procedure assumes: 步骤如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
关闭单元拔下插头.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA单元断开所有外部泵的管线 (采样和排出).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA单元移到干净的环境,放置于水平工作平台(桌子或工作台)
The cover has been removed.
已经移下盖子.
The flow control assembly has been removed.
卸下流量控制集合
Equipment and tools: 设备和工具
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Small flat-blade screwdriver
Pocket steel ruler, 6"
Phillips 螺丝装置 (#2)
小的平口螺丝装置
3)口袋钢尺, 6"
Figures 9c and 9t show an external view of the power input module. Internally, the module is located under the flow control assembly. It is covered by a form-fitting rubber boot to prevent electrical shock. Depending on the LGA model, the module is held in place with either two screws or two plastic retaining tabs.
Figures 9c and 9t显示了电源输入模块的外部轮廓.内部,模块位于流量控制集合下部,被form-fitting橡胶套包裹以防电击.依据不同的LGA型号, 模块被两个螺丝或塑胶retaining tabs固定.
Replacement Procedure: 安装步骤
Slide the rubber boot back to expose the module’s retaining tabs or screws.
滑动橡胶块到暴露的组件 retaining tabs 或螺丝.
Plastic Tab Model: 塑胶Tab Model
a) Use a small, flat-blade screwdriver to depress the top retaining tab and tilt the upper part of the module out.
使用小的平口螺丝装置给顶端retaining tab减压,从模块上部拧出.
Note: To see the bottom tab, look through the hole that the power cord
plugs into in the AC input connector.
注: 看tab底部, 找电源卡插头连接交流电源的位置.
b) From the bottom of the monitor, slide the steel pocket ruler straight up into the hole that the argon tank passes through. Slide it through the gap
between the back of the chassis and the sheet metal sleeve the tank rests in. Push until the bottom tab depresses. Then, pull the module out the back of the chassis.
从监视器底部,将钢板尺垂直提起,插入氩气罐穿过的口中,在机壳背部和金属套管支架间的间隙, 拖动钢板尺.推动直到tab底部减压然后将模块托出机壳背部.
Screw Model:
a) Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove both the top and bottom screws.
使用Phillips screwdriver卸下顶部和底部的螺丝.
b) Pull the module out the back of the chassis.
将模块从机壳后面取出.
Unplug the line filter cable from the old module. Then, plug the line filter cable into the new module.
从旧模块上拔下过滤器管线,然后将过滤器管线插入新模块.
a) Remove the ground wire from the chassis ground lug.
从机壳凸出接地处卸下地线.
b) Attach the new ground wire to the lug, passing the wire through the hole in the boot.
将新的地线连接到凸出位,将线串入套口.
Plastic Tab Model: Press the new AC power input module into the cutout until both tabs snap into place.
Plastic Tab Model: 按新的交流电源进入模块直到tabs到位.
Screw Model: Press the new AC power input module into the cutout and install the top and bottom screws that hold it in place.
Screw Model: 按新的交流电源进入模块并安装低部和顶部螺丝.
Push the rubber boot back up over the power module.
将橡胶套推回越过电源模块.
9.8 FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLY 流量控制集合
The flow control assembly includes the sample pump, the gas control circuit board (with the flow and pressure sensors) and the assembly mounting-bracket.
流量控制集合包括样气泵,气体控制电路板(带流量和压力传感器)和集合安装支架.

Figure 9u: Flow Control Assembly
9.8.1 CELL PRESSURE SENSOR CALIBRATION 介质压力传感器标定
When the LGA sample pump is off, the cell pressure should be within ± 10 mm Hg of the local atmospheric pressure. The sensor should be checked-out every six months and after any component replacement.
Barometric pressure (atmospheric pressure corrected to sea level) readings can be obtained from various sources: local weather stations, airports and possibly barometric pressure measuring instruments at User’s facility. Atmospheric pressure can be calculated from the barometric pressure and installation altitude (feet above sea level) using the following equation.
当LGA样气泵关闭,介质压力应该在当地大气压力± 10 mm Hg之内.传感器应该每六个月检修一次,在任何部件替换后也要检修.气压计压力(气压调至海平面压力)读取值可从不同途径获得:当地气象站,机场和任何用户可能具备的气压测量设备.大气压力可通过气压计压力和安装高度(海平面以上距离)计算,公式如下:
Pa = Pb * K where
Pa = atmospheric pressure
Pb = barometric pressure
K = altitude correction factor from table
其中Pa = Pb * K
Pa = 大气压力
Pb =气压计压力
K =标内所列海拔修正因素
Pressure Correction For Altitude
海拔压力修正
海拔修正海拔修正海拔修正
Feet K Feet K Feet K
1 1.0000 2000 0.9298 4000 0.8637
100 0.9964 2100 0.9264 4100 0.8605
200 0.9928 2200 0.9230 4200 0.8573
300 0.9892 2300 0.9196 4300 0.8541
400 0.9856 2400 0.9163 4400 0.8509
500 0.9821 2500 0.9129 4500 0.8477
600 0.9785 2600 0.9096 4600 0.8446
700 0.9750 2700 0.9062 4700 0.8414
800 0.9714 2800 0.9029 4800 0.8383
900 0.9679 2900 0.8996 4900 0.8352
1000 0.9644 3000 0.8962 5000 0.8320
1100 0.9609 3100 0.8929 5100 0.8289
1200 0.9574 3200 0.8896 5200 0.8258
1300 0.9539 3300 0.8864 5300 0.5227
1400 0.9504 3400 0.8831 5400 0.8197
1500 0.9470 3500 0.8798 5500 0.8166
1600 0.9435 3600 0.8766 5600 0.8135
1700 0.9401 3700 0.8733 5700 0.8105
1800 0.9366 3800 0.8701 5800 0.8074
1900 0.9332 3900 0.8669 5900 0.8044

Equipment and tools:设备和工具

Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Adjusting the cell pressure sensor: 调节介质压力传感器
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭系统,关闭单元拔掉插头.
Remove the analyzer cover.
卸下分析仪盖子.
Locate the gas control board and trim potentiometer VR3. Refer to Figure 9u.
气体控制板和电位计 VR3.参看Figure9u.
Plug the unit in and turn it on. Wait for the LGA program to startup.
连接电源打开单元.等待LGA程序启动.
After the system completes its startup/warm-up period, put the system into Manual Mode (screen ManCtrl).
当系统完成启动/预热阶段,进入手动模式(ManCtrl屏).
Select the Box Gas sampling port and turn the sampling pump OFF.
选择样气进口并关闭样气泵.
Display the Analog screen to observe the pressure signal (counts) and value (mm Hg). Cell pressure is analog channel 15.
显示Analog 屏获得压力信号(counts)和值(mm Hg),介质压力为模拟通道15.
Use a small, flat-blade screwdriver to adjust trimpot VR3 until the cell
pressure value equals (±1 mm Hg) the local barometric pressure, not corrected to sea level.
使用小的，平口螺丝装置调节trimpot VR3直到介质压力值等于(±1 mm Hg)当地气压计压力, 对海平面不正确.
a) Decrease the pressure by turning VR3 clockwise.
顺时针转动VR3降低压力
b) Increase the pressure by turning VR3 counterclockwise.
逆时针转动VR3增加压力.
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭系统,关闭单元拔掉插头.
Properly route all wires and cables inside the analyzer and install the analyzer cover.
合理安排分析仪内部线路和电缆,安装好分析仪盖子.
WARNING: The LGA unit should be re-calibrated after any adjustment of the cell pressure sensor.
警告;LGA单元应该在任何一次调整介质压力传感器后重新进行标定.
9.8.2 PUMP TUNING 泵调谐
Measure pump frequency (Hz) at the pump power connector (JT6) and adjust the PWM trimpot (Figure 9u) until it reads 59 Hz.
在泵电源连接 (JT6)测量泵频率,调整PWM trimpot (Figure 9u)到读取59Hz.
9.8.3 FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLY REMOVAL & INSTALLATION 流量控制集合拆卸&安装
This removal/installation procedure assumes:
拆卸/安装步骤如下:
The unit is OFF and unplugged.
单元关闭,拔掉电源.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external 泵的管线 (采样和排气).
LGA单元已经断开所有外部泵的管线 (采样和排气).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA单元被移到清洁的环境放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作台)
The cover has been removed.
取下盖子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合从机壳中分离.
Equipment and Tools: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#2)
设备和工具: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#2)
The flow control assembly is removed as follows:
流量控制集合拆卸步骤如下:
Disconnect the cables from connectors JT1 and JT4 on the gas control board(Figure 9u).
在气体控制板上,断开JT1 和 JT4的线路连接. (Figure 9u).
Disconnect the pneumatic line connecting the gas-cell exhaust filter with the pressure sensors on the gas-board by undoing the luer connection in the line.
在气体控制板上,断开连接气体介质的排气过滤器和压力传感器的气动管线
Remove the four screws that fasten the flow control assembly mounting-bracket to the analyzer chassis (Figure 9v). Set them aside for reinstallation.
拧下固定流量控制集合安装架的螺丝(Figure 9v),放置好以备安装时使用.
Carefully, lift the flow control assembly out of the chassis.
谨慎的将流量控制单元提出机壳.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安装步骤以倒序参考拆卸步骤.

Figure 9v: Flow Control Assembly Replacement
9.9 COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 计算机集合
This procedure assumes: 步骤如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
单元关闭,拔掉插头.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA单元已经断开所有外部泵的管线 (采样和排气).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment
and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA单元被移到清洁的环境并放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作台)
The cover has been removed.
取下盖子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合从机壳中分离.
Equipment and tools: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#1 and #2)
设备和工具: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#1 and #2)
The system computer assembly is removed as follows:
系统计算机集合拆卸如下:
Disconnect all external computer-related cables. This may include video monitor, keyboard, mouse, network, etc.
切断所有外部和计算机相关的电缆连接.可能包括视频监视器,键盘,鼠标,网络等.
2). Disconnect the following cables from the LGA interface board:
在LGA界面板上切断如下电缆连接.
a) JR1 - Power Distribution Board Cable
b) JR2 - Gas Control Board Cable
c) JR3 – Specialized IO Cable (non-standard option)
d) JR4 - Left APD Board Cable
e) JR5 - Right APD Board Cable
a) JR1 - Power Distribution Board Cable JR1-电源分配板电缆
b) JR2 - Gas Control Board Cable JR2 -气体控制板电缆
c) JR3 – Specialized IO Cable (non-standard option) JR3 –特殊IO电缆（非标准）
d) JR4 - Left APD Board Cable JR4 -左侧APD板电缆
e) JR5 - Right APD Board Cable JR5 -右侧APD板电缆
Disconnect the following cables from the motherboard:
切断主板和如下电缆的连接;
a) Motherboard power cable主板电源电缆
b) CPU fan cable CPU风扇电缆
c) Speaker cable 扬声器电缆
Disconnect the power cable from the hard drive.
切断硬盘驱动和电源电缆的连接.
Note: As you complete this procedure, be sure to set the screws and boards you remove aside for reinstallation.
注:当完成这一步骤,一定要将拆卸下来的螺丝和控制板放置好以备安装使用.
Remove the computer assembly (refer to Figure 9w):
卸下计算机集合(参考Figure 9w):
a) Use a #2 Phillips screwdriver to remove the four screws that secure the computer assembly to the analyzer chassis (2 on the back, 1 on the inside at the back, and 1 on the side near the front).
用一个 #2 Phillips 螺丝装置拧下四个将计算机集合固定在分析仪机壳上的螺丝(两个在背面,一个在背面内部,一个在侧面)
b) Grasp the computer assembly at each end and carefully lift it straight up and out.
抓住计算机集合底部,小心的将其直上直下的取出.
Components of the computer assembly may now be serviced using standard computer/electronics servicing techniques/procedures.
计算机集合的部件可能正处于标准计算机维护/电子技术维护/过程.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安装步骤以倒序参考拆卸步骤.

Figure 9w: Computer Assembly Replacement

Figure 9x: LGA Interface Board
9.10 APD COOLING FAN APD冷风扇
The APD cooling fan is located on the chassis floor beneath the detector module. The fan draws in air through an L-shaped filter located on the analyzer’s bottom and back panel.
APD冷风扇位于探测模块下.
9.10.1 AIR INLET FILTER CLEANING 进气过滤器清洁
Excessive dust buildup on the inlet air filter may cause a cooling system malfunction, improper calibration, and/or inaccurate analysis. (Overheating can also be caused by installed flow restrictors; section 9.10.2).
过多的粉尘堆积于进气过滤器可能导致制冷系统的故障,不正常的标定和不准确的分析(安装限流器可导致过热,9.10.2部分)
The filter media is accessed by loosening the two screws at the top of the filter retainer on the analyzer’s back panel. It can be cleaned with compressed air or rinsing with clean water. Make sure washed filter is dry before reinstalling.
拧开分析仪背面板顶部螺丝可看到过滤介质,可用压缩空去清洁或使用清洁水漂洗.确保洗过的过滤器在安装前是干的.
9.10.2 AIR INLET FLOW RESTRICTORS 限流器
The analyzer’s analytical cell is designed to operate at 105 °F (nominal). If the temperature at the installation location is too cold (typically <85 °F), the cooling fan operation may over-cool the cell. Desktop LGA units are shipped with two flow-blocking plates (Figure9y) installed inside the filter support chassis (hidden by the filter media). The solid plate lays on top of the horizontal section of filter media; the plate with a hole in it is installed behind the vertical section of filter media.
分析仪的分析介质设定操作温度为105 °F (正常).若在安装地的温度过冷(typically <85 °F),冷风扇运行会导致介质过冷,台式LGA单元
有两个流动板(Figure9y)限流,安装在底板上.固体板在过滤介质水平部分顶部;带孔的板安装在过滤介质垂直部分后面.
If the prism and cell temperatures are too hot (>106 °F), one or both of the restrictor plates may need to be removed. If the prism and cell temperatures are too cold (<104 °F), one or both of the restrictor plates may need to be installed.
若棱镜和介质只温度过热(>106 °F),卸下一个或两个限流器.若棱镜和介质温度过冷(<104 °F),需将一个或两个限流器重新安装好.

Figure 9y: Inlet Filter Flow Restrictors
9.10.3 APD COOLING FAN REPLACEMENTAPD冷风扇安装
This procedure assumes: 步骤如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
单元关闭,拔掉插头.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA单元已经断开所有外部泵的管线 (采样和排气).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment
and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA单元被移到清洁的环境放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作台)
The cover has been removed.
取下盖子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合从机壳中分离.
Equipment and tools:设备和工具:
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
3/8" nut driver (preferably with magnet) or socket wrench
Hex driver, 7/64"
Phillips螺丝刀 (#2)
3/8" 螺帽装置 (带磁) 或扳钳
Hex 装置, 7/64"

The APD cooling fan is removed as follows:
APD冷风扇拆卸如下:

Remove the detector module (section 9.5.5).
卸下探测模块(9.5.5部分).
Disconnect the APD fan cable from JH13 on the power distribution board.
断开电源分配板上的JH13和APD风扇电缆的连接.
Use a 7/64" hex driver to remove the four hex-head screws that secure the fan to the chassis. Set them aside for reinstallation.
使用 7/64" hex 装置移出固定风扇的螺丝,放置好以备安装使用.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安装步骤以倒序参考拆卸步骤.

Figure 9z: APD Cooling Fan Replacement
9.11 AUXILIARY COOLING FAN 辅助冷风扇
The auxiliary cooling fan is mounted on the outside of the back of the analyzer chassis.
辅助冷风扇安装于分析仪机壳背面外侧.
Equipment and tools: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#1 and #2)
设备和工具: Phillips 螺丝装置 (#1 and #2)
Replacement Procedure:安装步骤

Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
单元关闭,拔掉插头.
Remove the analyzer’s cover.
卸下盖子.
Disconnect the fan cable from JH3 on the power distribution board.
切断电源分流板上JH3与风扇电缆的连接.
Use a Phillips screwdriver (#1) to remove the two screws that fasten the fan housing to the back panel. Hinge the fan to the left and pull it out.
使用飞利浦螺丝装置 (#1)卸下背板上固定风扇的螺丝.将风扇转到左侧取出.
5). Place the new fan in the fan housing and hinge the housing into the chassis. Install the two screws that secure it to the analyzer chassis.
将新风扇放置机壳内.安装好螺丝,将风扇固定在分析仪机壳上.
Connect the fan cable to JH3 on the power distribution board.
将风扇电缆连接到电源分配板上的JH3.
Fan Test: To verify the new fan is working properly:
风扇检测:检验新风扇工作是否正常.
a) Locate the power distribution board’s ground test pin (GND) and connect one end of a jumper wire to it. Locate connector JH2 on the power distribution board. In step 7c, the other end of the jumper wire will be touched to JH2: pin-4 (fourth pin from the top of connector JH2).
定位好电源分流板的接地试验针(GND),连接上跳线的一端.定位好JH2在电源分流板上.在步骤7c,跳线的另一端会接触JH2: 针-4 (从JH2顶部开始的第四根针).
b) After ensuring that nothing is shorted, plug the unit in and turn it on.
确定没有短路后,连接好插头打开电源.
c) Carefully, touch and remove (momentary contact) the loose end of the
jumper wire to JH2:pin-4.
小心的碰触和移动(暂时的接触)跳线松动端到JH2:针-4.
d) Verify that the fan rotates quietly and then slows to a halt within a few
seconds after the jumper is removed.
卸下跳线后,检验风扇是否安静转动,会在几秒钟内慢慢停止.
e) Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
关闭单元,拔掉插头.
Install the analyzer’s cover.
安装分析仪盖子.