Spring编程式事务（本地事务）

使用 TransactionTemplate等类和 API 手动管理事务，控制事务的新建、提交、回滚等过程

方式一：使用 TransactionTemplate（推荐方式）

@Service
public class OrderService {private final TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;private final OrderRepository orderRepository;private final InventoryRepository inventoryRepository;public OrderService(PlatformTransactionManager txManager,OrderRepository orderRepository,InventoryRepository inventoryRepository) {this.transactionTemplate = new TransactionTemplate(txManager);this.orderRepository = orderRepository;this.inventoryRepository = inventoryRepository;}public void createOrder(Order order) {transactionTemplate.execute(status -> {try {// 操作1: 保存订单orderRepository.save(order);// 操作2: 扣减库存inventoryRepository.deductStock(order.getProductId(), order.getQuantity());return "SUCCESS";} catch (Exception e) {status.setRollbackOnly(); // 标记回滚throw new RuntimeException("Transaction rolled back", e);}});}
}

方式二：使用 `PlatformTransactionManager`（精细控制）

@Service
public class PaymentService {private final PlatformTransactionManager txManager;private final PaymentRepository paymentRepository;public PaymentService(PlatformTransactionManager txManager, PaymentRepository paymentRepository) {this.txManager = txManager;this.paymentRepository = paymentRepository;}public void processPayment(Payment payment) {// 定义事务属性（传播行为、隔离级别）DefaultTransactionDefinition definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();definition.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);definition.setIsolationLevel(TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED);TransactionStatus status = txManager.getTransaction(definition);try {// 业务操作paymentRepository.save(payment);// 模拟外部服务调用（若失败需回滚）if (!externalPaymentGateway.charge(payment)) {throw new RuntimeException("Payment failed");}txManager.commit(status);} catch (Exception e) {txManager.rollback(status);throw e;}}
}