✨继续阅读报告：使用大模型来学习推理(Reason)

原文链接：https://openai.com/index/learning-to-reason-with-llms/

这次我们继续看一个英文阅读理解的案例。

原问题：

The following passage is the draft of an excerpt from a contemporary book about maintaining health.

(1) Curiously, there is good evidence that for many people, an increase in body weight might not require an increase in calorie consumption at all.
(2) In most scientific studies it is difficult to determine how much people are eating, because appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity.
(3) (Have you ever had to tell your doctor whether you drink beer or binge out on chips or ice cream?)
(4) But in certain controlled environments, where sneaking in an unreported chocolate bar is unlikely, interesting insights can be gained.
(5) U.S. prisons have long been fertile ground for nutrition research, with a number of prisoner-feeding experiments being conducted over the years.
(6) Overfeeding studies in the twentieth century by the researcher Erich Sims showed that subjects gain different amounts of weight despite eating identical amounts of food, indicating that the “calories-expended” side of the equation varies considerably between individuals, independent of exercise or other physical activity.
(7) It also showed different amounts of resistance to weight gain, as subjects’ metabolic rates seemed to increase on overeating, their bodies trying hard not to lay down too much of their excessive food intake as fat.
(8) The extent to which this happened varied significantly among individuals, despite the similarity of their diet and environment.
(9) These results are only curious if we assume that everyone reacts to food in exactly the same way.
(10) Experience tells us, however, that it is a bit more complicated than that.
(11) Everybody processes their food differently.
(12) You might burn calories faster.
(13) Another person stores more calories.
(14) What is eaten also matters since reaction varies based on nutritional intake.
(15) That applies even when people appear in terms of their age, height, and weight dimensions are equivalent.
(16) A diverse population would have a number of evolutionary advantages, with some individuals prioritizing the effective storage of fat in order to survive and others burning most of their energy exploring.
(17) It would also make sense for us to be able to switch between those two states when we needed to.
(18) But how is it that the amount of weight gained from identical food intake can vary among individuals?
(19) Even though hormones regulate our feeding, we only store calories when we eat more than we burn, right?
(20) When we consider the “calories out” side of the equation, we almost always look at exercise as the most important factor, largely because it is the one area that we can easily change.
(21) But basal metabolism is by far the largest chunk of the energy we burn.
(22) We generally expend around half our calories staying alive, and another 10 percent staying at the right temperature.
(23) Around 30 percent goes towards physical activity, and the remaining 10 percent on digesting food.

In sentence 2 (reproduced below), which of the following versions of the bolded text best explains the writer’s position expressed in the main clause of the sentence?

In most scientific studies it is difficult to determine how much people are eating, because appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity.
A) (as it is now)
B) researchers seldom ask the right questions
C) different foods have varying impacts on the digestive system
D) people generally submit their own data and this isn’t seen as reliable
E) psychological factors determine why certain foods are more popular than others

(source: AP English Language online test 2 from Barrons)

翻译为中文：

这段文字是关于保持健康的当代书籍摘录的草稿。

(1) 奇怪的是，有充分的证据表明，对许多人来说，体重的增加可能根本不需要增加卡路里的摄入。

(2) 在大多数科学研究中，很难确定人们吃了多少，因为食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域。

(3) （你有没有告诉过医生你是否喝啤酒或者暴饮暴食薯片或冰淇淋？）

(4) 但在某些受控环境中，偷偷带进一块未报告的巧克力棒是不可能的，可以获得有趣的见解。

(5) 美国监狱一直是营养研究的沃土，多年来进行了许多囚犯喂养实验。

(6) 20世纪研究者埃里希·西姆斯的过度喂养研究表明，尽管摄入相同量的食物，受试者增重的量却不同，这表明“消耗的卡路里”这一方程的一侧在个体之间差异很大，与运动或其他体力活动无关。

(7) 这也显示了对增重的不同抵抗力，因为当受试者过度进食时，他们的代谢率似乎会增加，他们的身体努力不将过多的食量转化为脂肪。

(8) 尽管饮食和环境相似，但这种情况在个体间的差异仍然很大。

(9) 如果我们假设每个人对食物的反应完全相同，这些结果就只是令人好奇。

(10) 然而，经验告诉我们，情况比这要复杂一些。

(11) 每个人处理食物的方式都不同。

(12) 你可能燃烧卡路里更快。

(13) 另一个人储存更多的卡路里。

(14) 吃的东西也很重要，因为根据营养摄入的反应会有所不同。

(15) 即使当人们在年龄、身高和体重方面看起来相等时，也是如此。

(16) 多样化的人群会有多种进化优势，一些人优先储存脂肪以生存，而其他人则燃烧大部分能量去探索。

(17) 当我们需要的时候，能够在这两种状态之间切换也是有意义的。

(18) 但是，为什么从相同的食物摄入中获得的体重在个体间会有所不同呢？

(19) 尽管激素调节我们的进食，但我们只在吃得比燃烧的多时才储存卡路里，对吧？

(20) 当我们考虑方程的“卡路里消耗”一侧时，我们几乎总是将运动视为最重要的因素，主要是因为这是我们可以轻易改变的一个领域。

(21) 但基础代谢是我们燃烧能量的最大部分。

(22) 我们通常消耗大约一半的卡路里来维持生命，另外10%用来保持正确的体温。

(23) 大约30%用于体力活动，剩下的10%用于消化食物。

在句子2（如下复制），以下哪个加粗文本的版本最好地解释了作者在句子主句中表达的立场？

在大多数科学研究中，很难确定人们吃了多少，因为食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域。

A) （像现在这样）

B) 研究人员很少问正确的问题

C) 不同的食物对消化系统有不同的影响

D) 人们通常提交自己的数据，这并不被视为可靠

E) 心理因素决定了为什么某些食物比其他食物更受欢迎

（来源：Barrons的AP英语语言在线测试2）

【小梦备注：嗯，对于人来理解的话，还是比较好理解的，应该选D，不过也很难推理为什么选D，只是觉得其他几个答案更不靠谱。我们接下来看看两个大模型分别是如何推理的。】

GPT-4o的反馈：

The best option that explains the writer’s position expressed in the main clause of sentence 2 is A) (as it is now).

The phrase “appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity” directly supports the difficulty of determining how much people are eating in scientific studies, as it implies that the process of regulating hunger, cravings, and eating habits is multifaceted, making it hard to measure accurately. This aligns well with the statement’s focus on the complexity of understanding eating behavior in scientific contexts.

翻译为中文：

解释句子2中作者立场的最佳选项是A) （像现在这样）。

“食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域”这个短语直接支持了在科学研究中确定人们吃了多少的困难，因为它意味着调节饥饿、渴望和饮食习惯的过程是多方面的，这使得准确测量变得困难。这与声明中关于在科学背景下理解饮食行为的复杂性的焦点非常吻合。

【小梦备注：emm，as it is now，是个啥意思..可以翻译为：如字面意思？不是很确定。我们先看看o1-preivew模型的推理吧。】

o1-preview的反馈：

首先是CoT部分：

This is a question about choosing the explanation in bold that best fits the writer’s position expressed in the main clause.

First, let’s understand what the main clause says.

Original sentence:

(2) In most scientific studies it is difficult to determine how much people are eating, because appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity.

We need to choose the best bolded text that explains why “it is difficult to determine how much people are eating” in scientific studies.

• Option A: as it is now (i.e., leave it as is: “because appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity.”)

• Option B: researchers seldom ask the right questions

• Option C: different foods have varying impacts on the digestive system

• Option D: people generally submit their own data and this isn’t seen as reliable

• Option E: psychological factors determine why certain foods are more popular than others

Our task is to pick the best option that explains why it’s difficult to determine how much people are eating in scientific studies.

Let’s analyze each option.

• Option A: “because appetite regulation is a field of staggering complexity.”

Is that a good explanation? Hmm.

• Option B: “because researchers seldom ask the right questions.”

Does this make sense with the main clause?

Main clause: “In most scientific studies it is difficult to determine how much people are eating, because researchers seldom ask the right questions.”

Is the writer saying that? Does the context in the passage suggest that?

• Option C: “because different foods have varying impacts on the digestive system.”

Does that explain why it’s difficult to determine how much people are eating?

Hmm… Probably not directly.

• Option D: “because people generally submit their own data and this isn’t seen as reliable.”

Is that relevant? Does that explain why it’s difficult to determine how much people are eating in scientific studies?

Yes, that seems plausible: if people generally submit their own data (e.g., self-reporting their consumption), and this isn’t reliable, it’s difficult to determine how much people are eating.

• Option E: “because psychological factors determine why certain foods are more popular than others.”

Is that explaining why it’s difficult to determine how much people are eating?

Probably not directly.

Given that the following sentence is:

(3) (Have you ever had to tell your doctor whether you drink beer or binge out on chips or ice cream?)

This suggests that people have to self-report, and perhaps they may not be accurate.

Therefore, Option D seems to fit.

Also, in the previous paragraph, the writer seems to point out that in certain controlled environments (like prisons) where sneaking in unreported chocolate bars is unlikely, interesting insights can be gained.

This implies that in studies outside controlled environments, people might be consuming unreported calories, or not reporting accurately.

Therefore, Option D seems to be the best.

So, the answer is Option D.

翻译为中文：

这是关于选择一句话来匹配合理的解释，以最好地符合作者在主句中表达的立场的问题。

首先，让我们理解主句的意思。

原句：

(2) 在大多数科学研究中，很难确定人们吃了多少，因为食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域。

我们需要选择一个选项，来解释为什么在科学研究中“很难确定人们吃了多少”。

选项A：像现在这样（即，保持不变：“因为食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域。”）

选项B：研究人员很少问正确的问题

选项C：不同的食物对消化系统有不同的影响

选项D：人们通常提交自己的数据，这并不被视为可靠

选项E：心理因素决定了为什么某些食物比其他食物更受欢迎

我们的任务是选择最好的选项，来解释为什么在科学研究中很难确定人们吃了多少。

让我们分析每个选项。

选项A：“因为食欲调节是一个极其复杂的领域。”

这是一个很好的解释吗？嗯。

选项B：“因为研究人员很少问正确的问题。”

这与主句有意义吗？

主句：“在大多数科学研究中，很难确定人们吃了多少，因为研究人员很少问正确的问题。”

作者在这么说吗？上下文是否暗示了这一点？

选项C：“因为不同的食物对消化系统有不同的影响。”

这解释了为什么很难确定人们吃了多少吗？

嗯……可能不是直接的。

选项D：“因为人们通常提交自己的数据，这并不被视为可靠。”

这相关吗？这解释了为什么在科学研究中很难确定人们吃了多少吗？

是的，这似乎是合理的：如果人们通常提交自己的数据（例如，自我报告他们的消费），而这并不可靠，那么就很难确定人们吃了多少。

选项E：“因为心理因素决定了为什么某些食物比其他食物更受欢迎。”

这是在解释为什么很难确定人们吃了多少吗？

可能不是直接的。

鉴于下面的句子是：

(3) （你有没有告诉过医生你是否喝啤酒或者暴饮暴食薯片或冰淇淋？）

这表明人们必须自我报告，也许他们可能不准确。

因此，选项D似乎合适。

此外，在前一段中，作者似乎指出，在某些受控环境（如监狱）中，偷偷带进未报告的巧克力棒是不可能的，可以获得有趣的见解。

这意味着在受控环境之外的研究中，人们可能在消费未报告的卡路里，或者没有准确报告。

因此，选项D似乎是最佳选择。

所以，答案是选项D。

【小梦备注：emm...的确，好像，可以用（你有没有告诉过医生你是否喝啤酒或者暴饮暴食薯片或冰淇淋？）这句来推断，因为我也大概是这样推断的。】

再看下它正式的回答：

To determine the best replacement for the bolded text, we need to find the option that best explains why it is difficult to determine how much people are eating in most scientific studies.

Option D states: “people generally submit their own data and this isn’t seen as reliable.” This directly addresses the challenge researchers face: reliance on self-reported data, which can be inaccurate due to forgetfulness, underreporting, or intentional misreporting. This unreliability makes it difficult to determine actual food intake.

This explanation aligns with the context provided in the subsequent sentence, which mentions the difficulty people might have in accurately reporting their consumption of items like beer, chips, or ice cream to their doctor.

Answer: D

翻译为中文：

为了确定加粗文本的最佳替代品，我们需要找到最能解释为什么在大多数科学研究中很难确定人们吃了多少的选项。

选项D指出：“人们通常提交自己的数据，这并不被视为可靠。”这直接解决了研究人员面临的挑战：依赖于自我报告的数据，这些数据可能因为遗忘、少报或故意误报而不准确。这种不可靠性使得确定实际食物摄入量变得困难。

这个解释与随后句子中提供的内容一致，该句子提到了人们在向医生准确报告他们消费啤酒、薯片或冰淇淋等物品时可能遇到的困难。

答案：D

emm，这个案例，貌似并没有特别的精彩。出乎意料的是，gpt4o回答错了。按道理，4o应该也有一战之力的？

好，本篇就到这里，下次我们再看一下一个填字游戏的推理过程。

✨写在最后

如果对comfyui还不熟悉的话，最近面向ComfyUI的新手，写了一门系统性入门图文课程，现在已经更新完成了，内容主要包括如何下载软件、如何搭建自己的工作流、关键基础节点讲解、遇到报错怎么解决等等，如果大家在学习过程中遇到什么问题，也可以直接对应的文章下留言，会持续更新相关答疑内容哈。欢迎订阅哦~

https://blog.csdn.net/jumengxiaoketang/category_12683612.html

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