从零开始学Spring Boot系列-集成Spring Security实现用户认证与授权

在Web应用程序中，安全性是一个至关重要的方面。Spring Security是Spring框架的一个子项目，用于提供安全访问控制的功能。通过集成Spring Security，我们可以轻松实现用户认证、授权、加密、会话管理等安全功能。本篇文章将指导大家从零开始，在Spring Boot项目中集成Spring Security，并通过MyBatis-Plus从数据库中获取用户信息，实现用户认证与授权。

环境准备

在开始之前，请确保你的开发环境已经安装了Java、Gradle和IDE（如IntelliJ IDEA或Eclipse）。同时，你也需要在项目中引入Spring Boot、Spring Security、MyBatis-Plus以及数据库的依赖。

创建Spring Boot项目

首先，我们需要创建一个Spring Boot项目。可以使用Spring Initializr（https://start.spring.io/）来快速生成项目结构。在生成项目时，选择所需的依赖，如Web、Thymeleaf（或JSP）、Spring Security等。

添加Spring Security依赖

在项目的pom.xml（Maven）或build.gradle（Gradle）文件中，添加Spring Security的依赖。对于Gradle，添加以下依赖：

group = 'cn.daimajiangxin'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
description ='Spring Security'
dependencies {implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok'annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok'runtimeOnly 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.17'// MyBatis-Plus 依赖implementation 'com.baomidou:mybatis-plus-spring-boot3-starter:3.5.5'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security'implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf'
}

对于Maven，添加以下依赖：

<dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>  
</dependency>

创建实体类

创建一个简单的实体类，映射到数据库表。

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.IdType;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableField;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;
import lombok.Data;import java.io.Serializable;@TableName(value ="user")
@Data
public class User implements Serializable {/*** 学生ID*/@TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)private Long id;/*** 姓名*/private String name;@TableField(value="user_name")private String userName;private String password;/*** 邮箱*/private String email;/*** 年龄*/private Integer age;/*** 备注*/private String remark;@TableField(exist = false)private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
}

创建Mapper接口

创建对应的Mapper接口，通常放在与实体类相同的包下，并继承BaseMapper 接口。例如：

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper;import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {}

创建Mapper XML文件

在resources的mapper目录下创建对应的XML文件，例如UserMapper.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper.UserMapper"><resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User"><id property="id" column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/><result property="name" column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/><result property="user_name" column="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/><result property="password" column="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/><result property="email" column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/><result property="age" column="age" jdbcType="INTEGER"/><result property="remark" column="remark" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/></resultMap><sql id="Base_Column_List">id,name,email,age,remark</sql><select id="findAllUsers"  resultMap="BaseResultMap">select<include refid="Base_Column_List"></include>from user</select>
</mapper>

创建Service 接口

在service目录下服务类接口UserService

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service;import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.IService;public interface UserService extends IService<User> {}

创建Service实现类

在service目录下创建一个impl目录，并创建UserService实现类UserServiceImpl

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.impl;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User;
import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService;
import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.mapper.UserMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User>implements UserService{}

创建UserDetailsService实现类

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.impl;import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User;
import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.LambdaQueryWrapper;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Service
public class UserDetailServiceImpl implements UserDetailsService {@Resourceprivate  UserService userService;@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {LambdaQueryWrapper<User>  queryWrapper=new LambdaQueryWrapper<User>();queryWrapper.eq(User::getUserName,username);User user=userService.getOne(queryWrapper);List<GrantedAuthority> authorities = new ArrayList<>();return new org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User(user.getName(), user.getPassword(),authorities );}
}

Java配置类

创建一个配置类，并创建SecurityFilterChain 的Bean。

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.config;import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.StandardPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig   {@Resourceprivate UserDetailsService userDetailsService;@Beanpublic SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorizeRequests ->authorizeRequests.requestMatchers("/", "/home").permitAll().anyRequest().authenticated() // 其他所有请求都需要认证).formLogin(formLogin ->formLogin.loginPage("/login") // 指定登录页面.permitAll() // 允许所有人访问登录页面).logout(logout ->logout.permitAll() // 允许所有人访问注销URL)    // 注册重写后的UserDetailsService实现.userDetailsService(userDetailsService);return http.build();// 添加自定义过滤器或其他配置}@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {return new StandardPasswordEncoder();}
}

创建登录页面

在src/main/resources/templates目录下创建一个Thymeleaf模板作为登录页面，例如login.html。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/doLogin}" method="post"><div><label> User Name : <input type="text" name="username"/> </label></div><div><label> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/> </label></div><div><input type="submit" value="登录"/></div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

创建控制器

创建一个UserController，

package cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.controller;import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.model.User;
import cn.daimajiangxin.springboot.learning.service.UserService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;import java.util.List;@RestController
public class UserController {private final UserService userService;@Autowiredpublic UserController(UserService userService) {this.userService = userService;}@GetMapping({"/login",})public ModelAndView login(Model model) {ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("login");return mv ;}@PostMapping("/doLogin")public String doLogin(@RequestParam String username,@RequestParam String password) {QueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper=new QueryWrapper<>();queryWrapper.eq("user_name",username);User user=  userService.getOne(queryWrapper);if(user==null){return "登录失败，用户没有找到";}if(! user.getPassword().equals(password)){return "登录失败，密码错误";}return "登录成功";}}