写在前面

1. 动态菜单设计
2. 动态路由设计

1.后端接口实现

1.1 用户表添加角色字段

CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',`username` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',`password` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '密码',`nickname` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '昵称',`email` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '邮箱',`phone` varchar(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '电话',`address` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地址',`create_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',`avatar_url` varchar(500) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT 'https://himg.bdimg.com/sys/portraitn/item/public.1.23bd3c8c.ANoeKxl_gef9fnrikdXOYA' COMMENT '头像',`role` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色',`deleted` tinyint(4) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除0（未删除），1（删除）',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC

1.2 角色表增加唯一标识字段

CREATE TABLE `sys_role` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',`role_key` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '唯一标识',`name` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名称',`description` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '描述',`deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否删除',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC

1.3 UserDTO

@Data
public class UserDTO {private String username;private String password;private String nickname;private String avatarUrl;private String token;private String role;private List<Menu> menus;
}

1.4 UserServiceImpl

package com.ppj.service.impl;import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import cn.hutool.log.Log;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.ppj.constants.Constants;
import com.ppj.entity.Menu;
import com.ppj.entity.Role;
import com.ppj.entity.RoleMenu;
import com.ppj.entity.User;
import com.ppj.entity.dto.UserDTO;
import com.ppj.exception.ServiceException;
import com.ppj.mapper.MenuMapper;
import com.ppj.mapper.RoleMapper;
import com.ppj.mapper.RoleMenuMapper;
import com.ppj.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.ppj.service.IUserService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.ppj.utils.TokenUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.sql.rowset.serial.SerialException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** <p>*  服务实现类* </p>** @author ppj* @since 2024-04-20*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements IUserService {private static final Log LOG = Log.get();@Autowiredprivate RoleMapper roleMapper;@Autowiredprivate RoleMenuMapper roleMenuMapper;@Autowiredprivate MenuServiceImpl menuService;@Overridepublic UserDTO login(UserDTO userDTO) {if(StrUtil.isBlank(userDTO.getUsername()) || StrUtil.isBlank(userDTO.getPassword())){return null;}User user = getUserInfo(userDTO);if(user != null){String token = TokenUtils.genToken(user.getId().toString(), userDTO.getPassword());userDTO.setToken(token);// 把user相应的值传递给userDTOBeanUtil.copyProperties(user,userDTO,true);List<Menu> roleMenus = getRoleMenus(user.getRole());userDTO.setMenus(roleMenus);return userDTO;}else{  // 数据库查不到throw new ServiceException(Constants.CODE_600,"用户名或密码错误");}}@Overridepublic Boolean register(UserDTO userDTO) {if(StrUtil.isBlank(userDTO.getUsername()) || StrUtil.isBlank(userDTO.getPassword())){return false;}User user = getUserInfo(userDTO);if(user == null){User newUser = new User();// 值传递BeanUtil.copyProperties(userDTO,newUser,true);// 保存至数据库save(newUser);}else{throw new ServiceException(Constants.CODE_600,"用户已存在");}return true;}public User getUserInfo(UserDTO userDTO){QueryWrapper<User> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();queryWrapper.eq("username",userDTO.getUsername()).eq("password",userDTO.getPassword());User user;try {// 可能查到多条记录，后台报异常，写个异常类（主动捕获异常）user = getOne(queryWrapper);}catch (Exception e){  // 可能查出多个符合条件的记录LOG.error(e);throw new ServiceException(Constants.CODE_500,"系统错误");}return user;}/*** 根据角色名称获取菜单列表* @param roleName* @return*/public List<Menu> getRoleMenus(String roleName){Integer roleId = roleMapper.getRoleIdByName(roleName);List<Integer> menuIds = roleMenuMapper.getMenuIdsByRoleId(roleId);// 查询系统中所有菜单,树结构List<Menu> menus = menuService.findMenus("");// new一个最后筛选完成之后的listArrayList<Menu> roleMenus = new ArrayList<>();for (Menu menu : menus) {if(menuIds.contains(menu.getId())){roleMenus.add(menu);}List<Menu> children = menu.getChildren();// 移除children中不在menuIds集合中的元素if (children != null) {children.removeIf(child -> !menuIds.contains(child.getId()));}}return roleMenus;}}

1.5 MenuServiceImpl

将写在MenuController中的方法提取到service中（更符合现实中的开发）
如下图所示：controller不含业务代码

package com.ppj.service.impl;import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.ppj.entity.Menu;
import com.ppj.mapper.MenuMapper;
import com.ppj.service.IMenuService;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;/*** <p>*  服务实现类* </p>** @author ppj* @since 2024-05-29*/
@Service
public class MenuServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MenuMapper, Menu> implements IMenuService {public List<Menu> findMenus(String name) {QueryWrapper<Menu> queryWrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();if(StrUtil.isNotBlank(name)){queryWrapper.like("name",name);}List<Menu> list = list(queryWrapper);//找出一级菜单List<Menu> parentNodes = list.stream().filter(menu -> menu.getPid() == null).collect(Collectors.toList());//找出一级菜单的子菜单for (Menu menu : parentNodes) {menu.setChildren(list.stream().filter(m -> menu.getId().equals(m.getPid())).collect(Collectors.toList()));}return parentNodes;}}

2. 前端实现

2.1 User.vue

主要是表格多添加role字段，添加框增加角色选择框

<template><div><div style="margin: 10px 0"><el-input style="width: 200px" placeholder="请输入名称" suffix-icon="el-icon-search" v-model="username"></el-input><el-input style="width: 200px" placeholder="请输入地址" suffix-icon="el-icon-position" class="ml-5" v-model="address"></el-input><el-button class="ml-5" type="primary" @click="getList">搜索</el-button><el-button icon="el-icon-refresh" size="mini" @click="resetQuery">重置</el-button></div><div style="margin: 10px 0"><el-button type="primary" @click="handleAdd">新增 <i class="el-icon-circle-plus-outline"></i></el-button><el-button type="warning" plain icon="el-icon-edit" size="mini" :disabled="single" @click="handleUpdate">修改</el-button><el-button type="danger" :disabled="multiple" @click="handleDelete">删除 <i class="el-icon-remove-outline"></i></el-button><!--      <el-upload action="http://localhost:9000/user/import" :show-file-list="false" accept="xlsx" :on-success="handleImport" style="display: inline-block">-->
<!--        <el-button type="primary" class="ml-5">导入 <i class="el-icon-bottom"></i></el-button>-->
<!--      </el-upload>--><el-button type="success" @click="handleImport" class="ml-5">导入 <i class="el-icon-bottom"></i></el-button><el-button type="warning" @click="handleExport" class="ml-5">导出 <i class="el-icon-top"></i></el-button></div><el-table v-loading="loading" :data="tableData" border stripe :header-cell-class-name="headerBg" @selection-change="handleSelectionChange"><el-table-column type="selection" width="55"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="id" label="序号" width="140"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="username" label="用户名" width="140"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="nickname" label="昵称" width="140"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="role" label="角色" width="140"><template v-slot="scope"><el-tag>{{ scope.row.role}}</el-tag></template></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="email" label="邮箱" width="200"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="address" label="地址" width="140"></el-table-column><el-table-column prop="createTime" label="创建时间" width="140"></el-table-column><el-table-column label="操作"  align="center"><template v-slot="scope"><el-button type="success" @click="handleUpdate(scope.row)">编辑 <i class="el-icon-edit"></i></el-button><el-button type="danger" @click="handleDelete(scope.row)">删除 <i class="el-icon-remove-outline"></i></el-button></template></el-table-column></el-table><div style="padding: 10px 0"><el-paginationclass="page"@size-change="handleSizeChange"@current-change="handleCurrentChange":page-sizes="[5, 10]":page-size="pageSize"layout="total, sizes, prev, pager, next, jumper":total="total"></el-pagination></div><!--  用户信息       --><el-dialog title="用户信息" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible" width="30%" ><el-form label-width="80px" size="small"><el-form-item label="用户名"><el-input v-model="form.username" autocomplete="off"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="昵称"><el-input v-model="form.nickname" autocomplete="off"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="角色" ><el-select v-model="form.role" placeholder="请选择" style="width: 100%"><el-optionv-for="item in roles":key="item.name":label="item.name":value="item.roleKey"></el-option></el-select></el-form-item><el-form-item label="邮箱"><el-input v-model="form.email" autocomplete="off"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="电话"><el-input v-model="form.phone" autocomplete="off"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="地址"><el-input v-model="form.address" autocomplete="off"></el-input></el-form-item></el-form><div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer"><el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取 消</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="save">确 定</el-button></div></el-dialog><!-- 用户导入对话框 --><el-dialog :title="upload.title" :visible.sync="upload.open" width="400px"><el-uploadref="upload":limit="1"accept=".xlsx, .xls":action="upload.url":disabled="upload.isUploading":on-progress="handleFileUploadProgress":on-success="handleFileSuccess":auto-upload="false"drag><i class="el-icon-upload"></i><div class="el-upload__text">将文件拖到此处，或<em>点击上传</em></div><div class="el-upload__tip" slot="tip"><el-link type="info" style="font-size: 16px;color:green" @click="importTemplate">下载模板</el-link></div><div class="el-upload__tip" style="color: red" slot="tip">提示：仅允许导入“xls”或“xlsx”格式文件！</div></el-upload><div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer"><el-button type="primary" @click="submitFileForm">确 定</el-button><el-button @click="upload.open = false">取 消</el-button></div></el-dialog></div></template><script>
export default {name: "User",data(){return {tableData: [],pageSize: 5,total: 0,pageNum: 1,username: '',address: '',collapseBtnClass: 'el-icon-s-fold',isCollapse: false,sideWidth: 200,logoTextShow: true,headerBg: 'headerBg',dialogFormVisible: false,form: {},// 遮罩层loading: true,// 选中数组ids: [],// 非单个禁用single: true,// 非多个禁用multiple: true,//用户导入参数upload: {//是否显示弹出层（用户导入）open: false,//弹出层标题（用户导入）title: "",//是否禁用上传// isUploading: false,//是否更新已经存在的用户数据//updateSupport: 0,//设置上传的请求头部//headers: "",//上传的地址url: "http://localhost:9000/user/import",},roles: [],}},created() {this.getList();},methods: {getList(){this.loading = true;this.request.get('/user/page',{params: {pageNum: this.pageNum,pageSize: this.pageSize,username: this.username,address: this.address}}).then(res => {if(res.code === '200'){this.tableData = res.data.records;this.total = res.data.total;this.loading = false;}else{this.$message.error(res.msg)}})this.request.get('/role').then(res => {if(res.code === '200'){this.roles = res.data;}else{this.$message.error(res.msg)}})},handleSizeChange(val) {this.pageSize = val;},handleCurrentChange(val) {this.pageNum = val;this.getList();},// 多选框选中数据handleSelectionChange(selection) {this.ids = selection.map(item => item.id);this.single = selection.length != 1;this.multiple = !selection.length;},// 重置按钮resetQuery(){this.username = undefined;this.address = undefined;this.getList();},// 新增handleAdd(){this.dialogFormVisible = true;this.form = {};},save(){this.request.post("/user",this.form).then(res => {if(res.code === "200" || res.code === 200){this.$message.success("操作成功")}else {this.$message.error("操作失败")}this.dialogFormVisible = false;this.getList();})},// 修改handleUpdate(row){// 表单置空this.reset();// 重新查询数据const userId = row.id || this.ids;this.request.get('/user/'+userId).then(response => {this.form = response.data;this.dialogFormVisible = true;});},reset(){this.form.username = undefined;this.form.nickname = undefined;this.form.email = undefined;this.form.phone = undefined;this.form.address = undefined;},// 删除handleDelete(row){let _this = this;const userIds = row.id || this.ids;this.$confirm('是否确认删除用户编号为"' + userIds + '"的数据项？', '删除用户', {confirmButtonText: '确定',cancelButtonText: '取消',type: 'warning'}).then(() => {_this.request.delete("/user/"+userIds).then(res=>{if(res.code === "200" || res.code === 200){_this.$message.success("删除成功")}else {_this.$message.error("删除失败")}this.getList();})}).catch(() => {});},// 导出handleExport(){window.open('http://localhost:9000/user/export');this.$message.success("导出成功");},// handleImport(){//   this.$message.success('导入成功')//   this.getList()// },handleImport(){this.upload.title = '用户导入'this.upload.open = true},importTemplate(){this.$message.success("正在下载模版");window.open('http://localhost:9000/user/download')},//文件上传处理handleFileUploadProgress(event,file,fileList){//this.upload.isUploading = true;this.loading = true;},//文件上传成功处理handleFileSuccess(response,file,fileList){this.loading = false;this.upload.open = false;// this.upload.isUploading = false;this.$refs.upload.clearFiles();this.$message.success("导入成功");this.getList()},//提交上传文件submitFileForm(){this.$refs.upload.submit();}}
}
</script><style scoped></style>

2.2 动态菜单设计

2.2.1 Login.vue

在登录成功的时候将菜单存到浏览器中

<template><div class="wrapper"><div style="margin: 200px auto; background-color: #fff; width: 350px; height: 300px; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px"><div style="margin: 20px 0; text-align: center; font-size: 24px"><b>登 录</b></div><el-form :model="user" :rules="rules" ref="userForm"><el-form-item prop="username"><el-input size="medium" style="margin: 10px 0" prefix-icon="el-icon-user" v-model="user.username"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item prop="password"><el-input size="medium" style="margin: 10px 0" prefix-icon="el-icon-lock" show-password v-model="user.password"></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item style="margin: 10px 0; text-align: right"><el-button type="primary" size="small"  autocomplete="off" @click="login">登录</el-button><el-button type="warning" size="small"  autocomplete="off" @click="$router.push('/register')">注册</el-button></el-form-item></el-form></div></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "Login",data() {return {user: {},rules: {username: [{ required: true, message: '请输入用户名', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 3, max: 10, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }],password: [{ required: true, message: '请输入密码', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 1, max: 20, message: '长度在 1 到 20 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }],}}},methods: {login() {this.$refs['userForm'].validate((valid) => {if (valid) {  // 表单校验合法this.request.post("/user/login", this.user).then(res => {if(res.code === 200 || res.code === '200') {localStorage.setItem('loginUser',JSON.stringify(res.data));localStorage.setItem("menus",JSON.stringify(res.data.menus));this.$router.push("/")this.$message.success("登录成功")} else {this.$message.error(res.msg)}})} else {return false;}});}}
}
</script><style>
.wrapper {height: 100vh;background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #FC466B , #3F5EFB);overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

2.2.2 Aside.vue

侧边栏动态显示菜单

<template><el-menu :default-openeds="['1', '3']" style="min-height: 100%; overflow-x: hidden"background-color="rgb(48, 65, 86)"text-color="#fff"active-text-color="#ffd04b":collapse-transition="false":collapse="isCollapse"router><div style="height: 60px; line-height: 60px; text-align: center"><img src="../assets/logo.png" alt="" style="width: 20px; position: relative; top: 5px; right: 5px"><b style="color: white" v-show="logoTextShow">后台管理系统</b></div><div v-for="item in menus" :key="item.id"><!-- 一级菜单 --><div v-if="item.path"><el-menu-item :index="item.path"><template slot="title"><i :class="item.icon"></i><span slot="title">{{ item.name }}</span></template></el-menu-item></div><!-- 二级菜单 --><div v-else><el-submenu :index="item.id+''"><template slot="title"><i :class="item.icon"></i><span slot="title">{{ item.name }}</span></template><div v-for="subItem in item.children" :key="subItem.id"><el-menu-item :index="subItem.path"><template slot="title"><i :class="subItem.icon"></i><span slot="title">{{ subItem.name }}</span></template></el-menu-item></div></el-submenu></div></div></el-menu>
</template><script>
export default {name: "Aside",props: {isCollapse: Boolean,logoTextShow: Boolean},data() {return {menus: localStorage.getItem('menus') ? JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('menus')) : []}},}
</script><style scoped></style>

2.3 动态路由设计

为什么设置动态路由，这是因为没有其他页面权限的用户也是可以访问其他页面

如下图所示：

安其拉是普通用户，只有主页的菜单权限（自己设置的角色所拥有的菜单）

2.3.1 菜单表新增字段page_path

对应每个页面组件名称

CREATE TABLE `sys_menu` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',`name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名称',`path` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '路径',`page_path` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '页面路径',`pid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '父级id',`icon` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图标',`description` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '描述',`deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '逻辑删除',PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=12 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC

2.3.2 路由设计

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import Manage from '../views/Manage.vue'
import store from "@/store";Vue.use(VueRouter)
//定义一个路由对象数组
const routes = [{path: '/login',name: '登录',component: () => import('../views/Login.vue')},{path: '/register',name: '注册',component: () => import('../views/Register.vue')}]//使用路由对象数组创建路由实例，供main.js引用
const router = new VueRouter({mode: 'history',base: process.env.BASE_URL,routes
})// 注意：刷新页面会导致页面路由重置
export const setRoutes = () => {const storeMenus = localStorage.getItem("menus");if (storeMenus) {// 获取当前的路由对象名称数组const currentRouteNames = router.getRoutes().map(v => v.name)if (!currentRouteNames.includes('Manage')) {// 拼装动态路由const manageRoute = { path: '/', name: 'Manage', component: () => import('../views/Manage.vue'), redirect: "/home", children: [{ path: 'person', name: '个人信息', component: () => import('../views/Person.vue')},// { path: 'password', name: '修改密码', component: () => import('../views/Password.vue')}] }const menus = JSON.parse(storeMenus)menus.forEach(item => {if (item.path) {  // 当且仅当path不为空的时候才去设置路由let itemMenu = { path: item.path.replace("/", ""), name: item.name, component: () => import('../views/' + item.pagePath + '.vue'),meta: { title: item.name }}manageRoute.children.push(itemMenu)} else if(item.children.length) {item.children.forEach(item => {if (item.path) {let itemMenu = { path: item.path.replace("/", ""), name: item.name, component: () => import('../views/' + item.pagePath + '.vue'),meta: { title: item.name }}manageRoute.children.push(itemMenu)}})}})// 动态添加到现在的路由对象中去router.addRoute(manageRoute)}}
}// 重置我就再set一次路由
setRoutes()// 路由守卫
// router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
//   localStorage.setItem('currentPathName',to.name);   // 设置当前的路由名称，为了在Header组件中去使用
//   store.commit('setPath')    // 触发store的数据更新
//   next()   // 放行路由
// })export default router

2.3.3 登录界面Login.vue设置路由

改动登录页面在成功登录时，设置路由

// 导入
import {setRoutes} from "@/router";// 当登录成功时，同时设置路由
localStorage.setItem("user",JSON.stringify(res.data));  //存储用户信息到浏览器
localStorage.setItem("menus",JSON.stringify(res.data.menus));  //存储菜单到浏览器
setRoutes();
this.$router.push("/");
this.$message.success("登录成功");

总结

• 本篇主要讲解动态菜单和动态路由的设计与实现

写在最后

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