Golang：发起http请求-GET带参数、POST发送Form和JSON数据

文档

https://pkg.go.dev/net/http
https://pkg.go.dev/net/url

1、发起GET请求

使用net/http 可以很容易发起get请求

package mainimport ("fmt""io""net/http"
)func main() {resp, _ := http.Get("https://httpbin.org/get")defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Print(string(body))
}

响应

{"args": {}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664863e9-34028ecc4c56c08d6ac5d923"}, "origin": "127.0.0.1", "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

2、发起带参GET请求

使用net/url将查询参数拼接到url上，再使用net/http发起http请求

package mainimport ("fmt""io""net/http""net/url"
)func main() {targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/get"u, _ := url.ParseRequestURI(targetUrl)// URL paramdata := url.Values{}data.Set("name", "Tom")data.Set("age", "18")u.RawQuery = data.Encode() // URL encodefmt.Println(u.String())// https://httpbin.org/get?age=18&name=Tomresp, _ := http.Get(u.String())defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))}

响应

{"args": {"age": "18", "name": "Tom"}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6648641d-0567278a093ee36078e9da27"}, "origin": "127.0.0.1", "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?age=18&name=Tom"
}

3、POST请求提交Form表单

package mainimport ("fmt""io""net/http""net/url"
)func main() {targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/post"data := url.Values{}data.Set("name", "Tom")data.Set("age", "18")resp, _ := http.PostForm(targetUrl, data)defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))
}

响应

{"args": {}, "data": "", "files": {}, "form": {"age": "18", "name": "Tom"}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Content-Length": "15", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-66486446-48a3d6085e91c39208746892"}, "json": null, "origin": "127.0.0.1", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

4、POST请求提交Json数据

package mainimport ("bytes""encoding/json""fmt""io""net/http"
)func main() {targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/post"data := make(map[string]interface{})data["name"] = "Tom"data["age"] = 12respdata, _ := json.Marshal(data)resp, _ := http.Post(targetUrl, "application/json", bytes.NewReader(respdata))defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))}

响应

{"args": {}, "data": "{\"age\":12,\"name\":\"Tom\"}", "files": {}, "form": {}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Content-Length": "23", "Content-Type": "application/json", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6648646b-1057cc454774771009b19914"}, "json": {"age": 12, "name": "Tom"}, "origin": "127.0.0.1", "url": "https://httpbin.org/post"
}

5、接收响应数据，json转为map

package mainimport ("encoding/json""fmt""io""net/http"
)// 定义响应数据结构
type Result struct {Args    string            `json:"args"`Headers map[string]string `json:"headers"`Origin  string            `json:"origin"`Url     string            `json:"url"`
}func main() {targetUrl := "https://httpbin.org/get"resp, _ := http.Get(targetUrl)defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))// 接收返回的数据var ret Resultjson.Unmarshal(body, &ret)fmt.Printf("%#v\n", ret)}

响应数据json格式

{"args": {}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664854df-48710d487d9f9d97398586ac"}, "origin": "127.0.0.1", "url": "https://httpbin.org/get"
}

响应数据golang数据

main.Result{Args:"", Headers:map[string]string{"Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Host":"httpbin.org", "User-Agent":"Go-http-client/2.0", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id":"Root=1-664854df-48710d487d9f9d97398586ac"}, Origin:"127.0.0.1", Url:"https://httpbin.org/get"
}

6、自定义请求头

通过构建 Request 对象，设置请求头属性

package mainimport ("fmt""io""net/http"
)func main() {targetUrl := "http://httpbin.org/get"client := &http.Client{}req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", targetUrl, nil)req.Header.Add("X-Token", "123456")req.Header.Add("X-UID", "666")resp, _ := client.Do(req)defer resp.Body.Close()body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)fmt.Println(string(body))
}

响应

{"args": {}, "headers": {"Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Go-http-client/1.1", "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-664863a4-044bd06c4e4887d73790591a", "X-Token": "123456", "X-Uid": "666"}, "origin": "127.0.0.1""url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}