官方文档
https://help.aliyun.com/zh/oss/developer-reference/java
准备工作
-
windows安装好JDK,这里使用JDK1.8为例
-
windows安装好IDEA,这里使用IDEA2022
-
登录阿里云控制台,通过免费试用OSS或开通OSS
步骤
配置访问凭证
有临时和长期访问凭证,简单起见,这里使用长期访问凭证。
配置RAM用户的访问密钥
1.创建RAM用户
登录阿里云,搜索访问控制
,进入RAM 访问控制
在RAM 访问控制中,创建RAM用户
填写用户信息,勾选相关访问方式,点击确定
安全验证,根据提示进行其中一个验证。
得到RAM用户的相关信息,例如登录名称、登录密码、AccessKey ID和Access Secret
点击用户,找到刚创建的RAM用户一行,点击添加权限
添加AliyunOSSFullAccess权限
2.配置RAM用户的访问密钥。
有两种方式配置RAM用户的访问密钥
- 设置环境变量
- 代码嵌入
把AccessKey ID和Access Secret设置在环境变量里比直接代码嵌入的方式更加安全些,两种方式选择其中之一即可。
设置环境变量
打开cmd命令行。
执行以下命令配置RAM用户的访问密钥。
set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
set OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET=IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn****
注意: OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET修改为对应AccessKey ID和Access Secret的值。
执行以下命令以使更改生效。
setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%"
setx OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET "%OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%"
这个过程其实是往用户的环境变量里设置相应的值(用图形界面设置也一样)
执行以下命令验证环境变量配置。
echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID%
echo %OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET%
成功返回示例如下:
LTAI4GDty8ab9W4Y1D****
IrVTNZNy5yQelTETg0cZML3TQn****
从环境变量中获取RAM用户的访问密钥。
// 使用环境变量中获取的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
注意:设置环境变量后,如果之前已经打开IDEA,后面使用代码去获取环境变量时,需要重启IDEA,才能获取到新的环境变量设置。否则获取到的环境变量为null
代码嵌入
// RAM用户的访问密钥(AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret)。
String accessKeyId = "yourAccessKeyId";
String accessKeySecret = "yourAccessKeySecret";
// 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
代码开发
1. 创建maven工程
打开IDEA->点击File->New Project
2. 添加sdk依赖
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId><artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId><version>3.15.1</version></dependency></dependencies>
刷新依赖
3. 功能代码开发
使用SDK API实现创建Bucket、列举Bucket文件、上传文件、下载文件、删除文件。代码参考官方帮助文档。
代码结构如下:
创建Bucket
package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;public class CreateBucketDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 创建存储空间。ossClient.createBucket(bucketName);} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}
*注意:修改endpoint
、bucketName
,bucketName
不能有重复。
运行后,在阿里云控制台查看到bucket创建成功如下
可以手动上传一些文件到bucket里,点击Bucket名称
进入bucket文件列表页面,通过上传文件
、创建目录
等方式让Bucket里得到一些目录和文件。
列举Bucket文件
package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.DefaultCredentialProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObjectSummary;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.ObjectListing;public class ListFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 嵌入代码// RAM用户的访问密钥(AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret)。注意修改xxx的值String accessKeyId = "xxx";String accessKeySecret = "xxx";// 使用代码嵌入的RAM用户的访问密钥配置访问凭证。CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new DefaultCredentialProvider(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
// EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// ossClient.listObjects返回ObjectListing实例,包含此次listObject请求的返回结果。ObjectListing objectListing = ossClient.listObjects(bucketName);// objectListing.getObjectSummaries获取所有文件的描述信息。for (OSSObjectSummary objectSummary : objectListing.getObjectSummaries()) {System.out.println(" - " + objectSummary.getKey() + " " +"(size = " + objectSummary.getSize() + ")");}} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}
使用代码嵌入的方式得到RAM用户的访问密钥。
注意修改accessKeyId
和accessKeySecret
的值。
运行代码能看到一些文件
上传文件
package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;public class UploadFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {String content = "Hello OSS";ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}
运行后,查看阿里云控制台,多了一个uploadobject1.txt
文件,
可以验证uploadobject1.txt
的内容为
Hello OSS
下载文件
package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.OSSObject;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;public class DownloadFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/emp.sql";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 调用ossClient.getObject返回一个OSSObject实例,该实例包含文件内容及文件元信息。OSSObject ossObject = ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName);// 调用ossObject.getObjectContent获取文件输入流,可读取此输入流获取其内容。InputStream content = ossObject.getObjectContent();if (content != null) {BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(content));while (true) {String line = reader.readLine();if (line == null) {break;}System.out.println("\n" + line);//这里简单打印每行内容}// 数据读取完成后,获取的流必须关闭,否则会造成连接泄漏,导致请求无连接可用,程序无法正常工作。content.close();}} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}
运行程序,看到emp.sql
的内容
删除文件
package org.example;import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.CredentialsProviderFactory;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;public class DeleteFileDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com";// 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();// 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。String bucketName = "examplebucket-test-test900";// 填写Object完整路径,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。Object完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称。String objectName = "file/uploadobject1.txt";// 创建OSSClient实例。OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);try {// 删除文件。ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName);} catch (OSSException oe) {System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "+ "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());} catch (ClientException ce) {System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "+ "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "+ "such as not being able to access the network.");System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());} finally {if (ossClient != null) {ossClient.shutdown();}}}
}
运行程序后,刷新Bucket列表,看到file/uploadobject1.txt
被删除了。
代码总结:
在使用OSS SDK时,需要先创建OSSClient实例ossClient,然后调用对应API方法。例如:
- 创建Bucket: ossClient.createBucket(bucketName)
- 列举Bucket文件: ossClient.listObjects(bucketName)
- 上传文件:ossClient.putObject(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()))
- 下载文件:ossClient.getObject(bucketName, objectName).getObjectContent()
- 删除文件:ossClient.deleteObject(bucketName, objectName)
完成!enjoy it!