1. 下载opencv工程

git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
git -C opencv checkout 4.x

2. 构建并编译opencv

• 在build目录下使用cmake构建生成makefile

cd opencv
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D WITH_FFMPEG=ON ..                

• 在build目录下使用make编译opencv

make -j8

3. 在build目录下安装opencv

sudo make install

4. 配置环境

• 配置环境变量：PKG_CONFIG_PATH
  • 查找opencv4.pc的位置

  sudo find / -iname opencv4.pc
  

  • 切换到用户目录下，并创建pkgconfig.sh

  cd ~
  sudo vim /etc/profile.d/pkgconfig.sh
  

  • 将opencv4.pc的路径添加到环境变量PKG_CONFIG_PATH中

  export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
  

  • 使环境变量生效

  source /etc/profile
  

• 配置Opencv的动态库环境

  sudo vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv4.conf
  

  在下面添加一行

  /usr/local/lib
  

  让环境变量生效

  source ldconfig
  

5. 测试安装及配置是否成功

cd opencv/samples/cpp/example_camke
make
./opencv_example

6. 通过cmake和gcc来构建c/c++程序调用OpenCV

• 在home目录下新建一个文件夹W_CPP，
• 在W_CPP文件夹下写一个test.cc程序，如下：

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;int main(int argc, vhar** argv){if(argc != 2){cout << "usage:DispalyImage.out <Image_Path>\n" << endl;return -1;}Mat image;image = imread(argv[1], IMREAD_COLOR);if(!image.data){cout << "No image data \n" << endl;return -1;}namedWindow("Display Image",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);imshow("Display Image",image);WaitKey(0);return 0;}

• 在同一文件夹下写一个CMakeLists.txt，如下

# cmake needs this line
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
# Define project name
project(W_CPP)
# Find OpenCV, you may need to set OpenCV_DIR variable
# to the absolute path to the directory containing OpenCVConfig.cmake file
# via the command line or GUI
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
# If the package has been found, several variables will
# be set, you can find the full list with descriptions
# in the OpenCVConfig.cmake file.
# Print some message showing some of them
message(STATUS "OpenCV library status:")
message(STATUS "    config: ${OpenCV_DIR}")
message(STATUS "    version: ${OpenCV_VERSION}")
message(STATUS "    libraries: ${OpenCV_LIBS}")
message(STATUS "    include path: ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}")
# set "-std=c++11"
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED TRUE)# Add OpenCV headers location to your include paths
# include_directories(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})# Declare the executable target built from your sources
add_executable(test test.cc)
# Link your application with OpenCV libraries
target_link_libraries(test PRIVATE ${OpenCV_LIBS})

• 在同一文件夹下放一张图片，比如 shen.png
• 命令行切换到W_CPP目录下，创建build文件夹并进入build目录，依次执行以下命令

mkdir -p build
cd build
cmake ..make
./test shen.png

参考博客：

Linux/Ubuntu下使用VS Code配置C/C++项目环境调用OpenCV