SpringBoot+Jpa+Thymeleaf实现增删改查
这篇文章介绍如何使用 Jpa 和 Thymeleaf 做一个增删改查的示例。
1、pom依赖
pom 包里面添加Jpa 和 Thymeleaf 的相关包引用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version></parent><groupId>com.example</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-jpa-thymeleaf-curd</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>spring-boot-jpa-thymeleaf-curd</name><description>spring-boot-jpa-thymeleaf-curd</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId><configuration><fork>true</fork></configuration></plugin></plugins></build></project>
2、application.properties中添加配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverspring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.show-sql= true
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
其中propertiesspring.thymeleaf.cache=false是关闭 Thymeleaf 的缓存，不然在开发过程中修改页面不会
立刻生效需要重启，生产可配置为 true。
在项目 resources 目录下会有两个文件夹：static目录用于放置网站的静态内容如 css、js、图片；
templates 目录用于放置项目使用的页面模板。
3、启动类
启动类需要添加 Servlet 的支持
package com.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.support.SpringBootServletInitializer;@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {@Overrideprotected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {return application.sources(Application.class);}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);}
}
4、数据库层代码
实体类映射数据库表
package com.example.model;import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;@Entity
public class User {@Id@GeneratedValueprivate long id;@Column(nullable = false, unique = true)private String userName;@Column(nullable = false)private String password;@Column(nullable = false)private int age;public long getId() {return id;}public User setId(long id) {this.id = id;return this;}public String getUserName() {return userName;}public User setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;return this;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public User setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;return this;}public int getAge() {return age;}public User setAge(int age) {this.age = age;return this;}
}
5、 JpaRepository
package com.example.repository;import com.example.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {User findById(long id);void deleteById(Long id);
}
继承 JpaRepository 类会自动实现很多内置的方法，包括增删改查，也可以根据方法名来自动生成相关 Sql。
6、业务层处理
Service 调用 Jpa 实现相关的增删改查，实际项目中 Service 层处理具体的业务代码。
package com.example.service;import com.example.model.User;import java.util.List;public interface UserService {public List<User> getUserList();public User findUserById(long id);public void save(User user);public void edit(User user);public void delete(long id);}
package com.example.service.impl;import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.repository.UserRepository;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {@Autowiredprivate UserRepository userRepository;@Overridepublic List<User> getUserList() {return userRepository.findAll();}@Overridepublic User findUserById(long id) {return userRepository.findById(id);}@Overridepublic void save(User user) {userRepository.save(user);}@Overridepublic void edit(User user) {userRepository.save(user);}@Overridepublic void delete(long id) {userRepository.deleteById(id);}
}
7、控制层
package com.example.web;import com.example.model.User;
import com.example.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;@Controller
public class UserController {@ResourceUserService userService;@RequestMapping("/")public String index() {return "redirect:/list";}@RequestMapping("/list")public String list(Model model) {List<User> users = userService.getUserList();model.addAttribute("users", users);return "user/list";}@RequestMapping("/toAdd")public String toAdd() {return "user/userAdd";}@RequestMapping("/add")public String add(User user) {userService.save(user);return "redirect:/list";}@RequestMapping("/toEdit")public String toEdit(Model model, Long id) {User user = userService.findUserById(id);model.addAttribute("user", user);return "user/userEdit";}@RequestMapping("/edit")public String edit(User user) {userService.edit(user);return "redirect:/list";}@RequestMapping("/delete")public String delete(Long id) {userService.delete(id);return "redirect:/list";}
}
Controller 负责接收请求，处理完后将页面内容返回给前端。
-
return "user/userEdit";代表会直接去resources目录下找相关的文件。 -
return "redirect:/list";代表转发到对应的Controller，这个示例就相当于删除内容之后自动调整到list 请求，然后再输出到页面。
8、页面内容
list 列表 list.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><title>userList</title><link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.css}"></link>
</head>
<body class="container">
<br/>
<h1>用户列表</h1>
<br/><br/>
<div class="with:80%"><table class="table table-hover"><thead><tr><th>#</th><th>User Name</th><th>Password</th><th>Age</th><th>Edit</th><th>Delete</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr th:each="user : ${users}"><th scope="row" th:text="${user.id}">1</th><td th:text="${user.userName}">neo</td><td th:text="${user.password}">Otto</td><td th:text="${user.age}">6</td><td><a th:href="@{/toEdit(id=${user.id})}">edit</a></td><td><a th:href="@{/delete(id=${user.id})}">delete</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-2 control-label"><a href="/toAdd" th:href="@{/toAdd}" class="btn btn-info">add</a></div>
</div></body>
</html>
访问http://localhost:8080/，效果如下图所示：
<tr th:each="user : ${users}"> 这里会从 Controler 层 model set 的对象去获取相关的内容，th:each表
示会循环遍历对象内容。
点击Add按钮会跳转到新增页面。
新增页面 userAdd.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><title>user</title><link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.css}"></link>
</head>
<body class="container">
<br/>
<h1>添加用户</h1>
<br/><br/>
<div class="with:80%"><form class="form-horizontal" th:action="@{/add}" method="post"><div class="form-group"><label for="userName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">userName</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" name="userName" id="userName" placeholder="userName"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label" >Password</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" id="password" placeholder="Password"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">age</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" name="age" id="age" placeholder="age"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"><input type="submit" value="Submit" class="btn btn-info" /> <input type="reset" value="Reset" class="btn btn-info" /></div></div></form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
填写数据并且点击Submit按钮，用户添加成功并且跳转到用户列表页面。
点击edit按钮跳转到用户修改页面。
修改页面 userEdit.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"/><title>user</title><link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.css}"></link>
</head>
<body class="container">
<br/>
<h1>修改用户</h1>
<br/><br/>
<div class="with:80%"><form class="form-horizontal" th:action="@{/edit}" th:object="${user}" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="*{id}" /><div class="form-group"><label for="userName" class="col-sm-2 control-label">userName</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" name="userName" id="userName" th:value="*{userName}" placeholder="userName"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label" >Password</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" id="password" th:value="*{password}" placeholder="Password"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><label for="age" class="col-sm-2 control-label">age</label><div class="col-sm-10"><input type="text" class="form-control" name="age" id="age" th:value="*{age}" placeholder="age"/></div></div><div class="form-group"><div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10"><input type="submit" value="Submit" class="btn btn-info" /> <a href="/toAdd" th:href="@{/list}" class="btn btn-info">Back</a></div></div></form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
修改用户的年龄为100然后点击Submit按钮提交修改。
然后跳转到用户列表页面发现数据修改了。
可以点击delete按钮删除用户。
删除之后跳转到用户列表页面。
这样一个使用 Jpa 和 Thymeleaf 的增删改查示例就完成了。
