求背景

为了封禁某些爬虫或者恶意用户对服务器的请求，我们需要建立一个动态的 IP 黑名单。对于黑名单之内的 IP ，拒绝提供服务。并且可以设置失效

1.安装Openresty（编译安装）

wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.19.3.1.tar.gz
# 解压openresty
tar -zxvf openresty-1.19.3.1.tar.gz 

下载缓存插件
 

wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz#解压缓存插件
tar -zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
cd openresty-1.19.3.1/
mkdir modules
# 把刚解压的ngx_cache_purge移动到该目录下

编译OpenResty

选择需要的插件启用, –with-Components 激活组件，–without 则是禁止组件 ,–add-module是安装第三方模块。
进入刚刚解压好的openresty-1.19.3.1根目录下执行命令

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openresty --with-luajit --without-http_redis2_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_sub_module --add-module=/usr/local/openresty-1.19.3.1/modules/ngx_cache_purge-2.3 

–prefix=/usr/local/openresty： 刚自己创建的目录，用来存放编译后的openresty
–add-module=/usr/local/openresty-1.19.3.1/xxx： 存放第三方插件的位置

2.安装redis

这里我是基于docker安装的redis 

docker run --restart=always -p 6379:6379 --name myredis -d redis:7.0.12  --requirepass xxx

- -requirepass 是redis密码

3.写lua脚本

ip_bind_time = 30  --封禁IP多长时间
ip_time_out = 6    --指定统计ip访问频率时间范围
connect_count = 10 --指定ip访问频率计数最大值
--上面的意思就是6秒内访问超过10次，自动封 IP 30秒。--连接redis
local redis = require "resty.redis"
local cache = redis.new()
local ok , err = cache.connect(cache,"127.0.0.1","6379")
-- redis密码
local res, err = cache:auth("xxx")
cache:set_timeout(60000)--如果连接失败，跳转到脚本结尾
if not ok thengoto Lastend
end--查询ip是否在封禁段内，若在则返回403错误代码
--因封禁时间会大于ip记录时间，故此处不对ip时间key和计数key做处理
is_bind , err = cache:get("bind_"..ngx.var.remote_addr)if is_bind == '1' thenngx.exit(ngx.HTTP_FORBIDDEN)-- 或者 ngx.exit(403)-- 当然，你也可以返回500错误啥的，搞一个500页面，提示，亲您访问太频繁啥的。goto Lastend
endstart_time , err = cache:get("time_"..ngx.var.remote_addr)
ip_count , err = cache:get("count_"..ngx.var.remote_addr)--如果ip记录时间大于指定时间间隔或者记录时间或者不存在ip时间key则重置时间key和计数key
--如果ip时间key小于时间间隔，则ip计数+1，且如果ip计数大于ip频率计数，则设置ip的封禁key为1
--同时设置封禁key的过期时间为封禁ip的时间if start_time == ngx.null or os.time() - start_time > ip_time_out thenres , err = cache:set("time_"..ngx.var.remote_addr , os.time())res , err = cache:set("count_"..ngx.var.remote_addr , 1)
elseip_count = ip_count + 1res , err = cache:incr("count_"..ngx.var.remote_addr)if ip_count >= connect_count thenres , err = cache:set("bind_"..ngx.var.remote_addr,1)res , err = cache:expire("bind_"..ngx.var.remote_addr,ip_bind_time) --fix keysend
end
--结尾标记
::Lastend::
local ok, err = cache:close()

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {worker_connections  1024;
}http {include       mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log  logs/access.log  main;sendfile        on;#tcp_nopush     on;#keepalive_timeout  0;keepalive_timeout  65;#gzip  on;server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {root   html;index  index.html index.htm;access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/lua/access_by_redis.lua";}#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}}# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration##server {#    listen       8000;#    listen       somename:8080;#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}# HTTPS server##server {#    listen       443 ssl;#    server_name  localhost;#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;#    location / {#        root   html;#        index  index.html index.htm;#    }#}}

启动下就可以了