1.安装组件channels

pip install channels

2.注册app

daphne

INSTALLED_APPS = ['daphne',           #channels4.0以后要引入'channels',         # 即时通信'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','app01.apps.App01Config',
]

3.在setting中添加ASGI——APPLICATION

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'MyBlog.wsgi.application'
ASGI_APPLICATION = 'MyBlog.wsgi.application'

4.在app01中创建consumers.py文件

from channels.exceptions import StopConsumer
from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumerclass ChatConsumer(WebsocketConsumer):def websocket_connect(self, message):# 有客户端向后端发送websocket请求时自动触发# 服务端允许和客户端创建链接self.accept()def websocket_receive(self, message):# 浏览器基于websocket向后端发送数据，自动触发接受xi消息print(message)self.send("不要回复！")def websocket_disconnect(self, message):# 客户端与服务端断开连接时自动触发print("断开连接！")raise StopConsumer()

5.在setting.py同级目录中创建routing.py文件

from django.urls import re_pathfrom app01 import consumerswebsocket_urlpatterns = [re_path(r'ws/(?P<group>\w+)/$', consumers.ChatConsumer.as_asgi()),
]

6.修改asgi.py文件

import osfrom channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_applicationfrom MyBlog import routingos.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'MyBlog.settings')application = ProtocolTypeRouter({"http": get_asgi_application(),  # 找urls.py 找视图函数"websocket": URLRouter(routing.websocket_urlpatterns)  # 找routing（urls）  consumers（views）
})