10）语法分析：介词辨析

1. For

主要用法：

目的或原因：表示做某事的目的或原因。
- Example: I am studying for the exam. (我在为考试学习。)
- Example: She bought a gift for her friend. (她为她的朋友买了一份礼物。)
持续时间：表示某个动作或状态的持续时间。
- Example: I have lived here for five years. (我在这里住了五年。)
- Example: He will be away for two weeks. (他将离开两周。)
支持或赞成：表示支持或赞成某人或某事。
- Example: I am for the new proposal. (我支持这个新提案。)
- Example: They are for the change in policy. (他们支持政策的改变。)
交换：表示某种交换或等价关系。
- Example: I traded my old car for a new one. (我用旧车换了一辆新车。)
- Example: He gave me $50 for my old watch. (他用50美元买了我的旧手表。)
代表：表示某人或某物代表另一人或物。
- Example: I am speaking for the whole team. (我代表整个团队发言。)
- Example: This is a gift for you from all of us. (这是我们大家送给你的礼物。)

2. By

主要用法：

方式或手段：表示通过某种方式或手段完成某事。
- Example: She traveled by train. (她乘火车旅行。)
- Example: He solved the problem by using a different approach. (他通过使用不同的方法解决了问题。)
通过：表示通过某人或某物的帮助或中介。
- Example: The letter was sent by the post office. (这封信是通过邮局寄出的。)
- Example: The book was written by a famous author. (这本书是由一位著名作家写的。)
到（时间）：表示某个时间点之前。
- Example: I need to finish this by tomorrow. (我需要在明天之前完成这件事。)
- Example: The meeting will be over by 5 PM. (会议将在下午5点前结束。)
通过（位置）：表示经过某个地方。
- Example: We went by the park on our way home. (我们在回家的路上经过了公园。)
- Example: The river flows by the village. (河流流经村庄。)
被：表示被动语态中的执行者。
- Example: The book was written by John. (这本书是约翰写的。)
- Example: The project was completed by the team. (这个项目是由团队完成的。)

3. In

主要用法：

位置：表示在某个空间内部。
- Example: The book is in the box. (书在盒子里。)
- Example: She lives in New York. (她住在纽约。)
时间：表示在某个时间段内。
- Example: I will be there in an hour. (我将在一小时内到达。)
- Example: We usually have dinner in the evening. (我们通常在晚上吃晚饭。)
方式或手段：表示通过某种方法或媒介。
- Example: He wrote the letter in pencil. (他用铅笔写的信。)
- Example: She communicated in sign language. (她用手语交流。)
状态或条件：表示某种状态或条件。
- Example: She is in love. (她恋爱了。)
- Example: He is in a good mood. (他心情很好。)

4. On

主要用法：

位置：表示在某个表面上。
- Example: The book is on the table. (书在桌子上。)
- Example: There is a picture on the wall. (墙上有一幅画。)
时间：表示在具体的某一天或某一天的某个时间。
- Example: The meeting is on Monday. (会议在星期一举行。)
- Example: We will meet on the 15th of October. (我们将在10月15日见面。)
关于：表示讨论或涉及的主题。
- Example: She gave a lecture on climate change. (她做了一个关于气候变化的讲座。)
- Example: He wrote a book on history. (他写了一本关于历史的书。)

5. With

主要用法：

伴随：表示与某人或某物一起。
- Example: She went to the party with her friends. (她和朋友们一起去参加了聚会。)
- Example: He came with a gift. (他带着礼物来了。)
使用工具或手段：表示使用某种工具或手段。
- Example: He cut the bread with a knife. (他用刀切面包。)
- Example: She wrote the letter with a pen. (她用钢笔写的信。)
具有特征：表示具有某种特征或性质。
- Example: He is a man with great courage. (他是一个非常勇敢的人。)
- Example: She has a house with a garden. (她有一栋带花园的房子。)

6. At

主要用法：

位置：表示在某个具体的位置。
- Example: He is at the office. (他在办公室。)
- Example: We met at the bus stop. (我们在公交车站见面。)
时间：表示在某个具体的时间点。
- Example: The train arrives at 6 PM. (火车在下午6点到达。)
- Example: We will have lunch at noon. (我们将在中午吃午饭。)
活动或场合：表示参与某种活动或场合。
- Example: She is good at singing. (她擅长唱歌。)
- Example: They are at the party. (他们在聚会上。)

7. To

主要用法：

方向：表示朝向某个地方或目标。
- Example: She is going to the store. (她要去商店。)
- Example: He sent the letter to his friend. (他把信寄给了他的朋友。)
目的：表示做某事的目的。
- Example: She came to see me. (她来看我。)
- Example: He went to the library to study. (他去图书馆学习。)
比较：表示与某人或某物进行比较。
- Example: She is taller than her sister. (她比她姐姐高。)
- Example: This is better than that. (这比那更好。)

8. Of

主要用法：

所属：表示拥有或属于。
- Example: This is a picture of my family. (这是我家人的照片。)
- Example: The cover of the book is blue. (这本书的封面是蓝色的。)
组成：表示由某物组成。
- Example: The cake is made of flour and sugar. (这个蛋糕是由面粉和糖做成的。)
- Example: The team consists of five members. (这个团队由五名成员组成。)
描述：表示描述某事物的特征。
- Example: A cup of tea. (一杯茶。)
- Example: A piece of advice. (一条建议。)

9. From

主要用法：

来源：表示来自某个地方或源头。
- Example: She comes from France. (她来自法国。)
- Example: The letter is from my aunt. (这封信是我姑妈寄来的。)
起点：表示从某个地方开始。
- Example: We drove from New York to Boston. (我们开车从纽约到波士顿。)
- Example: The journey starts from here. (旅程从这里开始。)
防止：表示防止或避免某事。
- Example: Cover your mouth to prevent the spread of germs. (捂住嘴以防止病菌传播。)
- Example: Stay away from danger. (远离危险。)

10. Into

主要用法：

进入：表示进入某个空间或容器。
- Example: She walked into the room. (她走进了房间。)
- Example: Pour the milk into the glass. (把牛奶倒进玻璃杯里。)
转变：表示转变为某种状态或形式。
- Example: The caterpillar turned into a butterfly. (毛毛虫变成了蝴蝶。)
- Example: The water turned into ice. (水变成了冰。)

11. Through

主要用法：

穿过：表示穿过某个空间或物体。
- Example: The train went through the tunnel. (火车穿过了隧道。)
- Example: She walked through the forest. (她穿过了森林。)
持续时间：表示在某个时间段内持续进行。
- Example: We worked through the night. (我们通宵工作。)
- Example: She studied through the summer. (她整个夏天都在学习。)
借助：表示借助某种手段或途径。
- Example: He succeeded through hard work. (他通过努力工作成功了。)
- Example: She learned the language through practice. (她通过实践学会了这门语言。)

12. Over

主要用法：

越过：表示越过某个障碍或高度。
- Example: The plane flew over the mountains. (飞机飞越了山脉。)
- Example: She jumped over the fence. (她跳过了篱笆。)
覆盖：表示覆盖或覆盖在某物上。
- Example: The blanket is over the bed. (毯子盖在床上。)
- Example: She put a coat over her shoulders. (她在肩膀上披了一件外套。)
超过：表示超过某个数量或程度。
- Example: There were over a hundred people at the party. (聚会上有一百多人。)
- Example: The temperature was over 30 degrees. (温度超过了30度。)

13. Under

主要用法：

在...下面：表示在某个物体的下面。
- Example: The cat is under the table. (猫在桌子下面。)
- Example: The keys are under the mat. (钥匙在垫子下面。)
低于：表示低于某个水平或标准。
- Example: The temperature is under zero. (温度低于零度。)
- Example: The project must be completed under budget. (项目必须在预算之内完成。)
控制：表示在某人的控制之下。
- Example: The situation is under control. (情况在控制之中。)
- Example: The company is under new management. (公司现在由新的管理层管理。)