文章目录
- Shiro框架介绍
- Shiro 基本使用
- SimpleAccountRealm
- IniRealm
- JdbcRealm
- CustomRealm(自定义Realm)
Shiro框架介绍
Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的Java安全框架,它执行身份验证、授权、密码和会话管理。Shiro框架通过其三个核心组件:Subject、SecurityManager和Realms,提供了一个通用的安全认证框架。
Shiro官方:http://shiro.apache.org
Shiro的核心架构图
Shiro 基本使用
认证流程:
授权流程:
SimpleAccountRealm
认证代码:
@Test
public void authen() {//认证的发起者(subject), SecurityManager, Realm//1. 准备Realm(基于内存存储用户信息)SimpleAccountRealm realm = new SimpleAccountRealm();realm.addAccount("admin", "admin", "超级管理员", "商家");//2. 准备SecurityManagerDefaultSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultSecurityManager();//3. SecurityManager和Realm建立连接securityManager.setRealm(realm);//4. subject和SecurityManager建立联系SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);//5. 声明subjectSubject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();//6. 发起认证subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken("admin", "admin"));// 如果认证时,用户名错误,抛出:org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException异常// 如果认证时,密码错误,抛出:org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException://7. 判断是否认证成功System.out.println(subject.isAuthenticated());//8. 退出登录后再判断// subject.logout();// System.out.println("logout方法执行后,认证的状态:" + subject.isAuthenticated());//9. 授权是在认证成功之后的操作!!!// SimpleAccountRealm只支持角色的授权System.out.println("是否拥有超级管理员角色:" + subject.hasRole("超级管理员"));subject.checkRole("商家");// check方法校验角色时,如果没有指定角色,会抛出异常:org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException: Subject does not have role [角色信息]
}
IniRealm
基于文件存储用户名、密码、角色等信息
准备一个.ini文件,存储用户信息,并且IniRealm支持权限校验
[users]
username=password,role1,role2
admin=admin,超级管理员,运营
[roles]
role1=perm1,perm2
超级管理员=user:add,user:update,user:delete
代码:
@Test
public void authen(){//1. 构建IniRealmIniRealm realm = new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");//2. 构建SecurityManager绑定RealmDefaultSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultSecurityManager();securityManager.setRealm(realm);//3. 基于SecurityUtils绑定SecurityManager并声明subjectSecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();//4. 认证操作subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken("admin","admin"));//5. 角色校验// 超级管理员System.out.println(subject.hasRole("超级管理员"));subject.checkRole("运营");//6. 权限校验System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("user:update"));// 如果没有响应的权限,就抛出异常:UnauthorizedException: Subject does not have permission [user:select]subject.checkPermission("user:delete");
}
JdbcRealm
基于数据库存储用户名、密码、角色等信息。
用户认证、授权时推荐的表结构设计,经典五张表!
代码:
@Test
public void authen(){//1. 构建IniRealmJdbcRealm realm = new JdbcRealm();DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql:///shiro");dataSource.setUsername("root");dataSource.setPassword("root");realm.setDataSource(dataSource);realm.setPermissionsLookupEnabled(true);//2. 构建SecurityManager绑定RealmDefaultSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultSecurityManager();securityManager.setRealm(realm);//3. 基于SecurityUtils绑定SecurityManager并声明subjectSecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();//4. 认证操作subject.login(new UsernamePasswordToken("admin","admin"));//5. 授权操作(角色)System.out.println(subject.hasRole("超级管1理员"));//6. 授权操作(权限)System.out.println(subject.isPermitted("user:add"));}
SQL构建代码
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `roles_permissions`;
CREATE TABLE `roles_permissions` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`permission` varchar(128) NOT NULL,`role_name` varchar(128) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of roles_permissions
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `roles_permissions` VALUES ('1', 'user:add', '超级管理员');
INSERT INTO `roles_permissions` VALUES ('2', 'user:update', '超级管理员');
INSERT INTO `roles_permissions` VALUES ('3', 'user:select', '运营');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `users`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`username` varchar(32) NOT NULL,`password` varchar(32) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of users
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES ('1', 'admin', 'admin');-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `user_roles`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_roles`;
CREATE TABLE `user_roles` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`role_name` varchar(128) NOT NULL,`username` varchar(32) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user_roles
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user_roles` VALUES ('1', '超级管理员', 'admin');
INSERT INTO `user_roles` VALUES ('2', '运营', 'admin');
CustomRealm(自定义Realm)
仿照JdbcRealm实现一个自定义的Realm对象
- 声明POJO类,继承AuthorizingRealm
public class CustomRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {……………………}
- 重写doGetAuthenticationInfo方法(认证)
/*** 认证方法,只需要完成用户名校验即可,密码校验由Shiro内部完成* @param token 用户传入的用户名和密码* @return* @throws AuthenticationException*/@Overrideprotected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {//1. 基于Token获取用户名String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();//2. 判断用户名(非空)if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){// 返回null,会默认抛出一个异常,org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountExceptionreturn null;}//3. 如果用户名不为null,基于用户名查询用户信息User user = this.findUserByUsername(username);//4. 判断user对象是否为nullif(user == null){return null;}//5. 声明AuthenticationInfo对象,并填充用户信息SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPassword(),"CustomRealm!!");//6. 返回inforeturn info;}// 模拟数据库操作private User findUserByUsername(String username) {if("admin".equals(username)){User user = new User();user.setId(1);user.setUsername("admin");user.setPassword("admin");return user;}return null;}
- 重写doGetAuthenticationInfo方法(密码加密加盐)
{HashedCredentialsMatcher matcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();matcher.setHashAlgorithmName("MD5");matcher.setHashIterations(1024);this.setCredentialsMatcher(matcher);}/*** 认证方法,只需要完成用户名校验即可,密码校验由Shiro内部完成* @param token 用户传入的用户名和密码* @return* @throws AuthenticationException*/@Overrideprotected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {//1. 基于Token获取用户名String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();//2. 判断用户名(非空)if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){// 返回null,会默认抛出一个异常,org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountExceptionreturn null;}//3. 如果用户名不为null,基于用户名查询用户信息User user = this.findUserByUsername(username);//4. 判断user对象是否为nullif(user == null){return null;}//5. 声明AuthenticationInfo对象,并填充用户信息SimpleAuthenticationInfo info = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPassword(),"CustomRealm!!");// 设置盐!info.setCredentialsSalt(ByteSource.Util.bytes(user.getSalt()));//6. 返回inforeturn info;}// 模拟数据库操作private User findUserByUsername(String username) {if("admin".equals(username)){User user = new User();user.setId(1);user.setUsername("admin");user.setPassword("1ebc4dcaf1e21b814ece65f27531f1a9");user.setSalt("weruiothergjkdfnbgjkdfngjkdf");return user;}return null;}
- 重写doGetAuthorizationInfo方法(授权)
// 授权方法,授权是在认证之后的操作 @Override protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {//1. 获取认证用户的信息User user = (User) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();//2. 基于用户信息获取当前用户拥有的角色。Set<String> roleSet = this.findRolesByUser();//3. 基于用户拥有的角色查询权限信息Set<String> permSet = this.findPermsByRoleSet(roleSet);//4. 声明AuthorizationInfo对象作为返回值,传入角色信息和权限信息SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();info.setRoles(roleSet);info.setStringPermissions(permSet);//5. 返回return info; }private Set<String> findPermsByRoleSet(Set<String> roleSet) {Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();set.add("user:add");set.add("user:update");return set; }private Set<String> findRolesByUser() {Set<String> set = new HashSet<>();set.add("超级管理员");set.add("运营");return set; }