字符集：
 

public class test1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {//1：编码：String data="b你a2";byte[] bytes = data.getBytes();//默认使用（UTF-8）进行编码，字符数字占一个字节（ASCII值）// 汉字占三个字节，都以1开头（110xxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx）System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));//[98, -28, -67, -96, 97, 50]//按照指定字符集进行编码byte[] bytes1 = data.getBytes("GBK");//使用GBK编码集进行编码，字符，数字占一个字节，汉字占两个字节//汉字的第一个字节的第一位必须是1//1xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxSystem.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes1));//[98, -60, -29, 97, 50]//2:解码String s1=new String(bytes);//按照平台默认编码集进行解码System.out.println(s1);//b你a2String s2=new String(bytes1);System.out.println(s2);//b��a2,用来解码GBK字符集会乱码String s3=new String(bytes1,"GBK");System.out.println(s3);//b你a2}
}

IO流：

字节输入流：以内存为基准，以字节的形式读入到内存中的流
字节输出流：以内存为基准，把内存的数据以字节写到磁盘文件或者网络中的流
字符输入流：以内存为基准，以字符的形式读入到内存中的流

字符输出流：以内存为基准，把内存的数据以字符写到磁盘文件或者网络中的流

文件字节输入流：FileInputStream（从文件中读字节到内存）

public FileInputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException

Creates a FileInputStream by opening a connection to an actual file, the file named by the path name name in the file system. A new FileDescriptor object is created to represent this file connection.

public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException

Creates a FileInputStream by opening a connection to an actual file, the file named by the File object file in the file system. A new FileDescriptor object is created to represent this file connection.

public int read() throws IOException

Reads a byte of data from this input stream. This method blocks if no input is yet available.

每次读取一个字节返回，成功返回1

public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException

Reads up to b.length bytes of data from this input stream into an array of bytes. This method blocks until some input is available.

每次用一个字节数组去读取数据，返回字节数组读取了多少个字节，如果没有可读数据返回-1；

每次读取一个字节 

public class test2 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {File f1=new File("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");System.out.println(f1.exists());//1:创建文件输入流管道，与源文件接通InputStream in=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");//InputStream接口类//2:开始读取数据int c=in.read();System.out.println(c);//97System.out.println((char)c);//aint c1=in.read();System.out.println((char)c1);//b-->移动读取下一个字节int c2=in.read();int c3=in.read();System.out.println((char)c3);//-1--->如果没有数据返回-1//3:使用循环读InputStream in2=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh2.txt");int b;while((b=in2.read())!=-1){System.out.println((char)b);}//缺点：读取中文会乱码，（UTF-8）中文要三个字节，这是一个字节读的//流使用完毕后，要释放关闭in.close();in2.close();}
}

每次读取多个字节：
 

public class test3 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InputStream in=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh2.txt");byte[]bytes=new byte[6];int len = in.read(bytes);//返回读取到的字节数，并存到bytes中，没有数据就返回-1System.out.println(len);//5System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));//[97, 98, 99, 100, 101,0]//解码：String s=new String(bytes,0,len);//读取多少，就倒出多少（置0）
，len是字节数System.out.println(s);//abcdeSystem.out.println(in.read());//-1System.out.println("-----");InputStream in2=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");//使用循环读byte[]bytes2=new byte[3];int len3;while((len3=in2.read(bytes2))!=-1){System.out.println(len3);String rs=new String(bytes2,0,len3);//读了就置0System.out.println(rs);}/* 3abc3eda3fas*/in.close();in2.close();}
}

注意：读取多个字节，读取汉字也可能会乱码

解决方法

方式一：定义一个字节数组与被读取的文件大小一样大，然后使用该字节数组，一次读完该文件的全部字节

public class test4 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InputStream in=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");File f=new File("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");long length = f.length();byte[]b=new byte[(int)length];int len = in.read(b);//读取String s=new String(b,0,len);//读完要置0System.out.println(s);//abce你好呀dafasin.close();//关闭}
}

方式二：使用readAllBytes()方法

 

public class test5 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InputStream in = new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");byte[] b = in.readAllBytes();String s = new String(b);//全部读完了，不置0也可以System.out.println(s);//abce你好呀dafasin.close();}
}

文件字节输出流：FileOutputStream(写内容到文件)

public FileOutputStream(String name) throws FileNotFoundException

Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the specified name. A new FileDescriptor object is created to represent this file connection.

public FileOutputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException

Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by the specified File object. A new FileDescriptor object is created to represent this file connection. 

public FileOutputStream(String name, boolean append) throws FileNotFoundException

可追加内容 

public FileOutputStream(File file, boolean append) throws FileNotFoundException

 可追加内容 

public void write(int b) throws IOException

写一个字节出去 

public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException

Writes b.length bytes from the specified byte array to this file output stream.

写一个字节数组出去 

public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException

Writes len bytes from the specified byte array starting at offset off to this file output stream.

写一个字节数组的一部分出去 

 

public class test6 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//覆盖管道OutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");//2:写一个字节数据out.write(97);out.write('c');out.write('你');//不报错，但是输出会乱码，汉字要三个字节//验证InputStream in=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");byte[] bytes = in.readAllBytes();System.out.println(new String(bytes));//ac//写一个字节数组进去byte[]bytes1="你好呀aaa111".getBytes();out.write(bytes1);bytes = in.readAllBytes();System.out.println(new String(bytes));//你好呀aaa111//写字节数组的一部分out.write(bytes1,0,9);//三个汉字是9个字节bytes = in.readAllBytes();System.out.println(new String(bytes));//你好呀out.close();//追加管道OutputStream out1=new FileOutputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt",true);out1.write(bytes1);out1.write(bytes1);bytes = in.readAllBytes();System.out.println(new String(bytes));//你好呀aaa111你好呀aaa111out1.write("\r\n".getBytes());//换行out1.write(bytes1);bytes = in.readAllBytes();System.out.println(new String(bytes));/*你好呀aaa111你好呀aaa111你好呀aaa111*/}
}

文件复制：

public class test7 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {InputStream in=new FileInputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\hhh.txt");OutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("day17-file-app\\src\\Copyhhh1.txt");byte[]b=new byte[64];int len;while((len=in.read(b))!=-1){out.write(b);}out.close();in.close();}
}

注意：任何文件的底层都是字节，字节流做复制，是一字不漏的转移完全部字节再解码，只要复制后的文件格式一样就没问题