be动词

表示事物的性质和状态
..是..
..有..
I am Tom
我是汤姆
There are seven days in a week
一个星期有七天be动词的种类
am/is/are
我am
它/她/他is
你arebe的疑问句
含be的陈述句变为疑问句
主语和be对换位置
Are you ready?
你准备好了吗？be的否定否定句
be后面+not
You are not my friend
你不是我的朋友如果省略宾语并且be动词位于句末,an/is/are不可以缩写
否定形式缩写为she/he isn't;you/they aren't
I am not 的缩写只有I'm not
Are you a singer?
Yes,I am.(宾语省略be位于句末)/No I'm notbe+现在分词，构成进行时态
Jim is watching his new car
吉姆正在系洗他的新车be+过去分词,构成被动时态
The window was broken by Tom
窗户是被汤姆打碎的be+不定式
1.表示最近、未来的“计划或安排”
2.表示"命令"
3.表示“征求意见”
4.表示“相约、商定”He is go to New York next week.
他下周要去纽约（计划）
You are to explain this
对此你要做出什么解释（命令）
How am I to answer him？
我该怎样答复他（征求意见）
We are to meet at the school gate
我们再校门口集合（相约）

助动词do

do随着实义动词的时态、人称、数的变化而变化
do/does/did
Do you like an ice cream?
你喜欢冰淇凌吗?
Why does he come here?
他为什么来这里呢？
Where did he go when he left here?
他离开这儿去了哪里助动词do的疑问句
do+主语+动词原型构成一般疑问句
DO you want to pass the exam?你想通过测试吗?助动词do的否定句
do+not+动词原形构成否定句
I do not want to be criticized
我不想挨批评助动词do作为代动词
为避免与前面的动词重复，do可以表示刚提到过的动作
Do you smoke?你抽烟吗？
No,I don'tThey don't work hard,do they?
Yes,they do.不，它们工作努力
No,they don't 对，他们呢工作不努力助动词do的祈使句
构成祈使句一般用do,不用did和does
Don't worry.不要担心
Don't go there不要去哪里助动词do表强调
助动词do放在动词原形前面，加强该动词的语气
Do come to my birthday party
一定要来参加我的生日宴会倒装句中的助动词do
Never(Only)+do+主语+动词原形用于倒装句
Never did I hear of such a thing
我从未听说过这样的事情
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次，他才来参加会议

助动词have

have/has/had
have用于现在
has用于三单
had用于过去
I have lived here all my life
我一辈子都住在这里助动词have的疑问句
have作为助动词用于完成时态的一般疑问句
have/has/had置于句首
Have you been waiting long?
你等了很久吗?助动词have的否定句
have/has/had+not
haven't/hasn't/hadn't
I haven't seen you for ages
我好多年没见到你了had better的用法
had better是“最好..”的意思
you had better stay at home
你最好呆在家里had better的否定式为had better not
可以缩写为主语+'d better not
You 'd better not asked too many question
你最好不要问太多问题have->'ve
has->'s
had->'d
have not->haven't/主语've not
has not->hasn't/主语’s not
had not->hadn't/主语‘d nothave+过去分词构成完成时态
I have made a cake
我已经做了一个蛋糕have的现在时态
have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时态
I have been studying English for ten yearshave的完成时态被动态
have+been+过去分词,构成完成时被动时态
My mother has been sent to work in Tibet

助动词can和must

can引导的疑问句
表示请求或允许，”可以“，”能“
句末加上please更显礼貌
Can you help me,please.can't+动词原型
用于否定句表示”不能够、不可能“，带有较强的否定意义
You can't play basketball.must+动词原型
用于肯定句，”必须“，”一定要“
You must finish it today.must't+动词原形
用于否定句，”一定不要“，”不能“
We mustn't think only of ourselves
我们不能只考虑自己must表示对现在情况的推测，后接动词原型且通常为状态词(be,have,know)
若为动作动词，则需要转换其他说法
He is sure to win
他一定会赢
He must win.
他必须要赢
当后面接完成时态，用来谈论已发生的情况
I did't hear the phone.I must have been asleepcan表示能力或提要求
表示能力，”能“，”会“
表示请求或允许，”可以“，”能“
用于在疑问句中提出要求
I can finish the work in time
我能及时完成工作
Can you speak English
你会讲英语吗？表示可能或表示怀疑
can，表示怀疑用于一般疑问句，带感情色彩
He can be at home now
他现在可能在家
The moon can't always be full
月亮不可能一直是圆的
Can it be ture;
那会是真的吗?must表示”必须“和一定要
可用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句.
must't表示”一定不要“，”禁止“
You must hand in the summary today
你今天一定要交总结
Must you go so soon?
你一定得这么早走吗
We must't only think of ourselvesmust的否定、被动结构
用needn't，其后可以接被动结构
Must I come over tonight?我今晚必须过来吗？
No,you needn't不必
I think I must be off
我想我得走了

助动词will和shall

will和shall用于将来时
可以和动词原型构成一般将来时
He will go to Shanghai
他要去上海
I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我就不来了will和shall对应的人称
shall用于第一人称，will只用于第二、第三人称
口语中,will也用于第一人称
I shall come to see you
我要过去看你
I will come to pick you up
我会开车过来接你shall+not->shan't
We shan't give you the task
我将不给你安排这个任务will+not->won't
He won't do the cleaningyou shall,he shall
主要用于陈述句中的第二，第三人称,表示说话人的意图，允诺，警告，命令，决心等
"必须"”应该“”可以“
You shall have it back next week
He says he won't go,but I say he shall
他说他不去，但我说他必须去尽量用I‘ll等缩写式
I‘ll/you'll/He'll/She'll/It'll/We'll/they'll
I'll answer your question
我将回答你的问题”意志“表达多注意
表达主语的意志，will
说话者要把自己的"意志"表达或行使出去，shall
I won't see him again
我不会再和他见面
You shall not do that again
你不要再做那样的事第一人称问句使用”shall“
Shall I call you a taxi?shall在问句中的用法问：Shall..答：....shall...will......will...Shall we go to shcool tomorrow?我们明天需要上学去吗？Yes,we shall ,We'll have an exam.是的，我们必须去。我们明天有考试

助动词should与would

should做情态动词
通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译为"应该"，”应当“
The group leader announced that we should begin to work soon
小组长宣布我们不久就开始工作should +not->shouldn't
I should not tell you the event
我不应该告诉你这件事情
We shouldn't ask such question
我们不应该问这样一些问题would+动词原形
would是will的过去式,用于过去将来时:would +动词原形
同时它也是一个情态动词，表示某种情况的可能性比较大+动词原形
"将要"，”想要“，”愿意“
He said he would come
他说他要来
He would go in spite of our warnings
尽管我们警告他了，但他执意要去would not->wouldn't
I would not attend the meeting
我不参加那个会议
I wouldn't report it to her
我不会把这件事反馈给她would that...
这是一种虚拟语气
would that they were safe home again!
愿他们能再平安回到家should 表责任和义务
情态动词，表示现在或将来的责任和义务，
"应该"，”应当“
这时可以它和ought to,be supposed to互换
In sum,theory should be combined with practice.
总之，理论应该与实践相结合should表意外、惊喜
should作为情态动词，表示意外、惊喜或说话人看来是不可思议的
why,who,how开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中，should”竟会“，”居然“
How should I know it？
我怎么会知道这件事?
Why should you be so late today？
你今天怎么来的这么晚

一般过去时

过去的动作或状态
I went to see a film yesterday
我昨天去看电影了谓语动词加ed
He finished the homework last week
他上周i完成了作业不规则的变化形式
辅音字母+y 变y为i+ed
study->stardied
辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母，+ed
stop->stopped
beg->begged
plan->planned
dot->dotted
不规则动词
go-went
make-made
get-got
come-came
is/am-was
see-saw
bring-brought
teach-taught
think-thought
buy-bougnt
catch-caught
fly-flew
do-did
say-said
sit-sat
spend-spent
eat-ate
give-gave
write-wrote
read-read
put-put
fell-felt
find-found
hear-heard
know-knew
grow-grew
He studied in this college for three years
他在这所大学学习三年一般过去时的时间状语用谓语动词的过去式表示
-ed
last night
last week
last month
last year
yesterday
the day before yesterday
yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
in 1999
two hours ago/one week ago/three years ago
I got the news last night
我昨晚的到了这个消息表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时
没有1表示过去的时间状语
The sea became rough,almost turned over the boat and mixed the broken glass together
海变得狂爆起来，几乎掀翻了船，并且混合着一些破碎的玻璃表示过去的动作和状态
I had a word Julia this morning经常或反复的动作
always,never
Mrs.peter always carried an umbrella
彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞已经终止的习惯
used to do
常常做某事
He used to drink
他过去喝酒(意味着他现在不喝酒了，喝酒这个动作终止了)意义上的过去式
I didn't know you  were in Paris
我不知道你在巴黎

一般将来时

 

将来的动作
will/shall +动词原形
shall仅用于第一人称
who will be on duty at six?will=的全面性
所有人称都可以用will
He will go back to America一般将来时的否定和疑问
will/shall +not
won't/shan't
疑问句will提前
We won't go to visit that factory一般将来时的时间状语
通常与表示将来的时间状语连用
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
next week
in...years/weeks
They will study hard next year
明年它们将努力学习一般将来时可以表示未来习惯性的动作
Autumn will come after springshall/will+动词原型
现在还没发生，要在将来的的某个时刻发生
I shall/will not be free tomorrow
我明天没空be+going +不定式
说话人的意图，打算，某种可能性
He is going to spend his holidays in London\be+不定式的表述方法，还可描述两种请款
1.按计划将要发生的动作
2.要求或命令他人做某事
The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days
新桥三天后通车特殊词强调计划和安排
come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin
用一般现在时或现在进行时，表示按计划将要发生的事
The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m
那架飞机上午11点起飞

现在进行时

be+doingIs he reading a magazine now?
他现在正在读一本杂志吗？现在进行时的否定句型
be+not
He isn’t reading in the classroom now
他现在没有在教室读书现在进行时的疑问句型
be提前
Is he reading a book in the classroom?
他正在教室读书吗？时间状语和标志性动词
right now,at present,at the moment,now
He is cleaning the office now
他现在正在打扫办公室现在进行时采用被动形式
be+being done
`the work is being done now
这项工作正在进行正在发生的动作
They are having a football match
它们正在进行足球比赛现阶段的动作
现在一直进行的动作
He is preparing for CET Band 6
他正在为大学英语六级做准备情感表示
现在进行时可表示说话人的情感
赞许,批评,喜欢，厌恶
表示经常性,相当于一般现在时描述的情况
He is akways thinking of others,not of himself
（表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己计划安排
表示近期按计划或安排要发生的动作
go,come,leave,arrive,have,lunch,return.dine(进餐，尤指晚餐)
sleep,stay,play,do,wear（穿，戴）
I'm dinning  out with my friend this evening现在完成时
表示一直持续的动作
持续到现在动作或状态（be）,
常与for+（时间段），since+（时间点或过去时的句子）连用
Mary has been ill for three days
玛丽病了三天了
I have lived in the city since 1998
自从1998年以来我一直住在这座城市现在完成时的否定句式
have/has+not
I have not yet copied the important file
我还没有备份这个重要的文件have/has提前的一般疑问句
现在完成时的一般疑问句，have/has提到句首，首字母大写
Have they cancelled the gathering meeting
它们已经取消聚会了吗现在完成时的时间状语
常与for+时间段，since+时间点或过去时的句子
We have remained to be part of the club since last year
我们自从去年以来就一直是这个俱乐部的成员He has been here waiting for you for one hour他一直在这里等你，已经一个小时了现在完成时和一般过去时都表示事情做过了
He finished the task yesterday
他昨天完成那项任务了
He has finished the task yesterday
他现在已经完成任务了完成性
表示截至到i现在已完成的动作
By now,I have collected all the data that I need
到目前为止，我已经收集了我需要的全部资料影响性
表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响，带有结果的动作
Have you had your dinner?
你吃完饭了吗？延续性
表示过去发生的动作持续到现在
It has been five years since he joined the army
他参军已经五年了重复性
可以表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作
We have had four competitions this semester
我们这学期已经举行了四次比赛

be+not/do+not

I like English
I do not like English
I am not happydo+not->don't
I don't know how to do it
我不知道如何做这件事情第三人称单数does+not
does not->doesn't
She doesn't eat pizza
她不吃比萨never.seldom,hardly等否定词
表示否定意义的词
She never swims
他从不游泳
He seldom gets up early
他很少早起
They hardly miss any important meeting
他们几乎没有错过重要的会议前面的单句已经是否定句，反义疑问句应该相反，助动词用肯定的形式
He doesn't go to cinema today,does he?
他没有去电影院，是吗？am/is/are+not
This is abook
This is not a book第三人称单数用doesn't+实义动词
后面的动词用原型
He eats an apple
他吃苹果
He doesn't eat an apple
他不吃苹果do‘t+实义动词
实义动词前+don't
I teach English
I don't teach English特殊词的转换
原句中有some，变为否定句时，要换成any
有too和also,变为否定句时，换成either
I eat some apples
我吃了一些苹果
I don't eat any apples
我没有吃苹果
Tom goes to school too
汤姆也去上学
Tom doesn't go to school either
汤姆也没有去上学

一般动词的疑问句

 

do提问“你”
Do you
Do you live here？
你住在这儿吗？does提问“他她它”
Does he go to school by bus?
他骑自行车上学吗？
自我提问用Do I
Do I look pretty?
我看起来漂亮吗？do提问do回答，does提问does回答
Do you like fried chicken?
你喜欢炸鸡吗？
Yes. I do /No I don't
Does he speak English?
他说英语吗？
Yes,he does/No,he doesn't用yes,I do/No,I don't是英语的习惯性用法be动词提前
陈述句变为一般疑问句
be动词（am/is/are）
Are you in Class 2,Grade 1?
你是在一年级二班吗？do/does引导的一般疑问句
陈述句中有一个实义动词，且其语态为一般现在时，百为一般疑问句时要在句首+do/does
Do you like these animals?
Does she want to go to cinema?一般疑问句一般读升调
Do you feel well?
你感觉还好吗？一般疑问句有时不用yes或no回答
Are they in town now?
他们现在在镇上吗？
I think so
我想是的
Of course
当然
Sorry,I don't know
对不起，我不知道
No problem