MYSQL 主从搭建详细步骤和测试

MySQL主备搭建
1.主库配置
以下所有操作均在主服务器上执行
1）创建用户并授权

create user slave identified with mysql_native_password by '123456'
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'slave'@'%' identified by '123456'; //如果用户已存在，会改密码，如果不存在会直接创建这个用户，所以不需要create user单独创建用户
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
2）修改主库配置文件
开启binlog，并设置server-id，每次修改配置文件后都要重启mysql服务才会生效

vim /etc/my.cnf
#同步的日志路径及文件名，一定注意这个目录要是mysql有权限写入的
log-bin=/var/lib/mysql/binlog
#master端的id号，不唯一即可
server-id=1
#指定同步的数据库，如果不写，默认是同步所有数据库
binlog-do-db = 数据库
#指定不同步的数据库　　
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#binlog日志的保留时间
expire_logs_days=7
#指定binlog日志的格式
binlog_format=ROW
改配置文件后，重启服务：
service mysqld restart

3）查看主服务器当前二进制日志名和偏移量

到此主服务器已经配置好：
2.从库配置
以下所有操作均在从服务器上执行
1）修改从库配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
#master端的id号，不唯一即可
server-id=99
#同步的日志路径及文件名，一定注意这个目录要是mysql有权限写入的
log-bin=mysql-bin
#复制哪个库可以不用填写
replicate-do-db=webkit
replicate-do-db=dgp
replicate-do-db=dses_etldb
replicate-do-db=dses_metadb
replicate-do-db=dcf
replicate-do-db=etl
replicate-do-db=metadata
#不复制哪个库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
#这两个是启用relaylog的自动修复功能，避免由于网络之类的外因造成日志损坏，主从停止，保证数据写入的一致性
master_info_repository=table
relay_log_info_repository=table
改配置文件后，重启服务：
service mysqld restart

[root@localhost:(none)]>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.153.119.5',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='slave',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000014',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)

注：MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS的值为master节点中执行show master status查询到的信息

2）启动slave进程

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
3）查看slave状态

mysql> show slave status\G;（后面的分号不去的会报错，但无影响）

如果下面两项值为YES，则表示配置正确：
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[root@localhost:mytest]>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 10.153.119.5
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 154
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 230911 11:05:41
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我们可以看到如下报错：
注意：1、主从的server_id 一定不能重复；
2、主从的uuid 不能重复；SELECT UUID()/show variables like '%uuid';
如果重复可以在/opt/module/mysql8/datas/mysql/atuo.cnf 删除或者修改重启服务；
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.


主：
mysql> show variables like '%uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

备：
[root@localhost:mytest]>show variables like '%uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

vi /testdata/mysql/auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5
应该是在做物理备份测试的时候把/testdata/mysql/所有文件都COPY过来了导致的

我们在备机把server-uuid=6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5这一行删掉重启服务就可以了
[root@localhost:(none)]>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.153.119.5
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 481
Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000004
Relay_Log_Pos: 647
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 481
Relay_Log_Space: 869
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

可以看到主从搭建成功了，我们在主库插入一条数据测试下：
主：
mysql> insert into t1 values(88888888,'test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)、

备：
[root@localhost:mytest]>select * from t1;
+----------+----------+
| id | name |
+----------+----------+
| 1 | xiaoming |
| 2 | xiaohong |
| 3 | xiaoli |
| 3 | xiaoli |
| 4 | xiaozhao |
| 88888888 | test |
| 88888888 | test |
+----------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

我们的搭建基础是在主备数据库和数据都一样的情况下，如果主库有数据库mytet,而备份搭建的时候并没有这个数据库，那么主库已有的数据库和数据会自动复制过来吗？我们来测试下
在备库删除Mytet数据库后重建复制：
[root@localhost:mytest]>drop database mytest;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

发现报错Error executing row event: 'Table '，mytest.t1' doesn't exist'，在执行插入mytest.t1 values(88888888,'test')sql时报错。
[root@localhost:(none)]>start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

[root@localhost:(none)]>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.153.119.5
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 808
Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1146
Last_Error: Error executing row event: 'Table 'mytest.t1' doesn't exist'
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 1196
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 1146
Last_SQL_Error: Error executing row event: 'Table 'mytest.t1' doesn't exist'
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State:
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 230911 11:29:49
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:

我们跳过这个sql,然后重建复制呢？

备库：
[root@localhost:(none)]>stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost:(none)]>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.153.119.5',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_USER='slave',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000014',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=808;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)

[root@localhost:(none)]>start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost:(none)]>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.153.119.5
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 808
Relay_Log_File: t3-dtpoc-dtpoc-web05-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000014
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 808
Relay_Log_Space: 542
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 6797f03c-2122-11ee-842b-00505695c6d5
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

我们才测试下，原库创建新库新表，然后插入新数据，发现建库建表DDL和插入数据都复制过去了

原库：
mysql> create database mytest1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use mytest1;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(8888,'tsss');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

备库：
[root@localhost:(none)]>use mytest1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
[root@localhost:mytest1]>select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 8888 | tsss |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@localhost:mytest1]>