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栈
栈的概念及结构
栈:一种特殊的线性表,其只允许在固定的一段进行插入和删除元素操作,进行数据输入和删除操作的一端称为栈顶,另一端称为栈底。栈中的数据元素遵守后进先出LIFO(Last in first out)的原则。
压栈:栈的插入操作叫做进栈/压栈/入栈,入数据在栈顶
出栈:栈的删除操作叫做出栈,出数据也是在栈顶
后进先出(Last in first out)
栈的实现
栈的实现一般可以使用数组或者链表实现,相对而言数组的结构实现更优一些,因为数组在尾上插入数据的代价比较小。
#pragma once
#include"code.4.5.stack.h"#include<stdio.h>
#include<assert.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdbool.h>typedef int STDataType;
//动态开辟数组
typedef struct Stack
{STDataType* a;int top;//栈顶int capacity;//容量
}ST;void STInit(ST* ps);
void STDestroy(ST* ps);//栈顶
void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x);
void STPop(ST* ps);
STDataType STTop(ST* ps);
int STSize(ST* ps);
bool STEmpty(ST* ps);
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"code.4.5.stack.h"
void STInit(ST* ps) {assert(ps);ps->a = NULL;ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}void STDestroy(ST* ps) {assert(ps);free(ps->a);ps->a = NULL;ps->capacity = ps->top = 0;
}void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x) {assert(ps);//满了,进行扩容if (ps->top == ps->capacity) {int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity * 2;STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(ps->a,newcapacity*sizeof(STDataType));if (tmp == NULL) {perror("realloc fail");return;}ps->a = tmp;ps->capacity = newcapacity;}ps->a[ps->top] = x;ps->top++;
}void STPop(ST* ps)
{assert(ps);assert(!STEmpty(ps));ps->top--;
}STDataType STTop(ST* ps) {assert(ps);assert(!STEmpty(ps));return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}int STSize(ST* ps) {assert(ps);return ps->top;
}bool STEmpty(ST* ps)
{assert(ps);return ps->top == 0;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"code.4.5.stack.h"
int main() {ST s;STInit(&s);STPush(&s,1);STPush(&s,2);STPush(&s,3);int top = STTop(&s);printf("%d", top);STDestroy(&s);return 0;
}