Django高级之-forms组件
1 校验字段功能
针对一个实例:注册用户讲解。
模型:models.py
class UserInfo(models.Model):name=models.CharField(max_length=32)pwd=models.CharField(max_length=32)email=models.EmailField()
模版文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title></head>
<body><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div><label for="user">用户名</label><p><input type="text" name="name" id="name"></p></div><div><label for="pwd">密码</label><p><input type="password" name="pwd" id="pwd"></p></div><div><label for="r_pwd">确认密码</label><p><input type="password" name="r_pwd" id="r_pwd"></p></div><div><label for="email">邮箱</label><p><input type="text" name="email" id="email"></p></div><input type="submit">
</form></body>
</html>
视图函数:
# forms组件
from django.forms import widgetswid_01=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
wid_02=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})class UserForm(forms.Form):name=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)r_pwd=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_02)email=forms.EmailField(widget=wid_01)tel=forms.CharField(max_length=32,widget=wid_01)def register(request):if request.method=="POST":form=UserForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值else:print(form.cleaned_data) #print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]return HttpResponse("OK")form=UserForm()return render(request,"register.html",locals())
2 渲染标签功能
渲染方式1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<h3>注册页面</h3>
<div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3"><form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<div><label for="">用户名</label>{{ form.name }}</div><div><label for="">密码</label>{{ form.pwd }}</div><div><label for="">确认密码</label>{{ form.r_pwd }}</div><div><label for=""> 邮箱</label>{{ form.email }}</div><input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form></div></div>
</div></body>
</html>
渲染方式2
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div><label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }}</div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form>
渲染方式3
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}{{ form.as_p }}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default pull-right"></form>
3 渲染错误信息功能
视图
def register(request):if request.method=="POST":form=UserForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # 所有干净的字段以及对应的值else:print(form.cleaned_data) #print(form.errors) # ErrorDict : {"校验错误的字段":["错误信息",]}print(form.errors.get("name")) # ErrorList ["错误信息",]return render(request,"register.html",locals())form=UserForm()return render(request,"register.html",locals())
模板
<form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}{% for field in form %}<div><label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>{{ field }} <span class="pull-right" style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span></div>{% endfor %}<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default"></form>
4 组件的参数配置
class Ret(Form):name = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, label='用户名',error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误', 'max_length': '太长','min_length': '太短'},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=10, min_length=2, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control'}))email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', error_messages={'required': '该字段不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'})
5 局部钩子
from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationError
def clean_name(self):val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)if not ret:return valelse:raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")def clean_tel(self):val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")if len(val)==11:return valelse:raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")
6 全局钩子
def clean(self):pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')if pwd and r_pwd:if pwd==r_pwd:return self.cleaned_dataelse:raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')else:return self.cleaned_data
pwd_err=my_form.errors.get('__all__')
from django import formsfrom django.forms import widgets
from app01.models import UserInfofrom django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS, ValidationErrorclass UserForm(forms.Form):name=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="用户名",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="密码",widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))r_pwd=forms.CharField(min_length=4,label="确认密码",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))email=forms.EmailField(label="邮箱",error_messages={"required":"该字段不能为空","invalid":"格式错误"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))tel=forms.CharField(label="手机号",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))def clean_name(self):val=self.cleaned_data.get("name")ret=UserInfo.objects.filter(name=val)if not ret:return valelse:raise ValidationError("该用户已注册!")def clean_tel(self):val=self.cleaned_data.get("tel")if len(val)==11:return valelse:raise ValidationError("手机号格式错误")def clean(self):pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('pwd')r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get('r_pwd')if pwd and r_pwd:if pwd==r_pwd:return self.cleaned_dataelse:raise ValidationError('两次密码不一致')else:return self.cleaned_data
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponsefrom app01.myforms import *def reg(request):if request.method=="POST":print(request.POST)#form=UserForm({"name":"yu","email":"123@qq.com","xxxx":"alex"})form=UserForm(request.POST) # form表单的name属性值应该与forms组件字段名称一致print(form.is_valid()) # 返回布尔值if form.is_valid():print(form.cleaned_data) # {"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}else:print(form.cleaned_data) # {"email":"123@qq.com"}# print(form.errors) # {"name":[".........."]}# print(type(form.errors)) # ErrorDict# print(form.errors.get("name"))# print(type(form.errors.get("name"))) # ErrorList# print(form.errors.get("name")[0])# 全局钩子错误#print("error",form.errors.get("__all__")[0])errors=form.errors.get("__all__")return render(request,"reg.html",locals())'''form.is_valid() :返回布尔值form.cleaned_data :{"name":"yuan","email":"123@qq.com"}form.errors :{"name":[".........."]}'''form=UserForm()return render(request,"reg.html",locals())
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><style>.error{color: red;}</style><!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 col-lg-offset-3">{#<h3>简单form</h3>#}{##}{##}{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{# <p>用户名<input type="text" name="name"></p>#}{# <p>密码 <input type="text" name="pwd"></p>#}{# <p>确认密码 <input type="text" name="r_pwd"></p>#}{# <p>邮箱 <input type="text" name="email"></p>#}{# <p>手机号 <input type="text" name="tel"></p>#}{# <input type="submit">#}{##}{#</form>#}<hr><h3>forms组件渲染方式1</h3><form action="" method="post" novalidate>{% csrf_token %}<p>{{ form.name.label }}{{ form.name }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>{{ form.pwd.label }}{{ form.pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.pwd.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>确认密码{{ form.r_pwd }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.r_pwd.errors.0 }}</span><span class="pull-right error">{{ errors.0 }}</span></p><p>邮箱 {{ form.email }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.email.errors.0 }}</span></p><p>手机号 {{ form.tel }} <span class="pull-right error">{{ form.tel.errors.0 }}</span></p><input type="submit"></form>{#<h3>forms组件渲染方式2</h3>#}{##}{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{##}{# {% for field in form %}#}{##}{# <div>#}{# <label for="">{{ field.label }}</label>#}{# {{ field }}#}{# </div>#}{##}{# {% endfor %}#}{##}{# <input type="submit">#}{#</form>#}{##}{#<h3>forms组件渲染方式3</h3>#}{##}{#<form action="" method="post">#}{# {% csrf_token %}#}{##}{# {{ form.as_p }}#}{##}{# <input type="submit">#}{#</form>#}</div></div>
</div></body>
</html>