Spring Boot工程集成验证码生成与验证功能教程

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文章目录

Spring Boot工程集成验证码生成与验证功能教程
- 1. 创建验证码工具类
- 2. 控制层实现
- 3. 客户端展示验证码
- 4. 验证验证码
- 📌 联系方式
- 🚀 获取源代码
- 🎉 结语

Spring Boot工程集成验证码生成与验证功能教程

验证码是一种常见的安全机制，用于防止自动化工具（如爬虫）对网站进行恶意操作。在Web应用中，验证码通常以图像的形式出现，要求用户输入图像中显示的字符。本文将介绍如何在Spring Boot工程中实现一个随机生成验证码的功能。

1. 创建验证码工具类

首先，我们需要创建一个工具类VerifyCodeUtils，用于生成随机验证码并输出为图像。

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;public class VerifyCodeUtils {//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";private static Random random = new Random();/*** 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码** @param verifySize 验证码长度* @return*/public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);}/*** 使用指定源生成验证码** @param verifySize 验证码长度* @param sources    验证码字符源* @return*/public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {sources = VERIFY_CODES;}int codesLen = sources.length();Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));}return verifyCode.toString();}/*** 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值** @param w* @param h* @param outputFile* @param verifySize* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);return verifyCode;}/*** 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值** @param w* @param h* @param os* @param verifySize* @return* @throws IOException*/public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);return verifyCode;}/*** 生成指定验证码图像文件** @param w* @param h* @param outputFile* @param code* @throws IOException*/public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {if (outputFile == null) {return;}File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();if (!dir.exists()) {dir.mkdirs();}try {outputFile.createNewFile();FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);outputImage(w, h, fos, code);fos.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw e;}}/*** 输出指定验证码图片流** @param w* @param h* @param os* @param code* @throws IOException*/public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {int verifySize = code.length();BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);Random rand = new Random();Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);Color[] colors = new Color[5];Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();}Arrays.sort(fractions);g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);//绘制干扰线Random random = new Random();g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);}// 添加噪点float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {int x = random.nextInt(w);int y = random.nextInt(h);int rgb = getRandomIntColor();image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);}shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));int fontSize = h - 4;Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);g2.setFont(font);char[] chars = code.toCharArray();for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);g2.setTransform(affine);g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);}g2.dispose();ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);}private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {if (fc > 255)fc = 255;if (bc > 255)bc = 255;int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);return new Color(r, g, b);}private static int getRandomIntColor() {int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();int color = 0;for (int c : rgb) {color = color << 8;color = color | c;}return color;}private static int[] getRandomRgb() {int[] rgb = new int[3];for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);}return rgb;}private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {shearX(g, w1, h1, color);shearY(g, w1, h1, color);}private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {int period = random.nextInt(2);boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 1;int phase = random.nextInt(2);for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)/ (double) frames);g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);}}}private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;boolean borderGap = true;int frames = 20;int phase = 7;for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {double d = (double) (period >> 1)* Math.sin((double) i / (double) period+ (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)/ (double) frames);g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);if (borderGap) {g.setColor(color);g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);}}}
}

2. 控制层实现

在Spring Boot的控制器中，我们需要提供一个接口来生成验证码并将其发送给客户端。

// VerifyController.java
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class VerifyController {@GetMapping("/generateImageCode")public void generateImageCode(HttpSession session, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {//随机生成四位随机数String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);//保存到session域中session.setAttribute("code", code);//根据随机数生成图片，reqponse响应图片response.setContentType("image/png");ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(130, 60, os, code);}
}

3. 客户端展示验证码

在Web页面中，我们需要添加一个图像标签来展示验证码。

<!-- 在HTML中添加验证码图像 -->
<img src="/generateImageCode" alt="验证码" onclick="this.src='/generateImageCode?'+Math.random();" />

4. 验证验证码

在用户提交表单时，我们需要验证用户输入的验证码是否正确。这通常在后端进行，通过比较用户输入的验证码与Session中保存的验证码。

// 在登录方法中验证验证码
@PostMapping("/login")
public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password, HttpSession session) {// 获取用户输入的验证码String userInputCode = request.getParameter("code");// 获取Session中保存的验证码String sessionCode = (String) session.getAttribute("code");// 验证验证码if (!sessionCode.equals(inputCode)) {// 验证码错误return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body("验证码错误");}// 验证码正确，继续登录逻辑// ...
}