python 小游戏《2048》字符版非图形界面

参考链接：闲谈2048小游戏和数组的旋转及翻转和转置

2048

一、方阵类

二、随机插入1或2

三、合并和递增

四、判断和移动

五、键盘控制

完整源代码

玩法过程

2048

上回说到2048小游戏中数组的各种旋转、翻转的方法，就是为代码编程作准备的；有了这些再就加上二维数组各行列上元素的合并、能否被合并的判断、成功失败的判断等等；以及再加上键盘按键的控制，小游戏就基本完成了。

一、方阵类

方阵就是高宽相同的矩阵，2048用方阵就行了，写代码也省事一点，方阵的类如下：

>>> from random import sample
>>> class Matrix:
... def __init__(self, order=4):
... self.order = order
... self.matrix = self.new()
... def __repr__(self):
... m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[]))))
... for mat in self.matrix:
... m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat))
... return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]'])
... def new(self):
... n = self.order
... m = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n)
... return [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)]
...
...
>>> Matrix()
[[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]
>>> Matrix()
[[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 2, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0]]

在方阵中随机产生1~2个1，sample([0,1,1],2) 生成的1个还是2个，比例为2:1；

在__repr__方法中显示时，这些1作为2的指数，所以显示为2^1=2。

二、随机插入数字

def insert(self):
n = self.order
m = [i for i,n in enumerate(sum(self.matrix,[])) if not n]
if m:
i = sample(m, 1)[0]
self.matrix[i//n][i%n] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))

或者：

def insert(self):
n = self.order
m = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]]
if m:
i, j = sample(m, 1)[0]
self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))

为加快数字的拼合速度，从5队开始，除了只插入1和2，可以考虑加入更大的数字：

self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2]*3+([1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)] if n>4 else []),1))

如 n = 5 时，拟插入的各数字比例为：

>>> n = 5
>>> t = [1,1,1,2]*3+[1,2,3,3]+[i for i in range(n+4,n,-1)]
>>> for i in set(t):
... print([i,t.count(i)/20])
...
...
[1, 0.5]
[2, 0.2]
[3, 0.1]
[6, 0.05]
[7, 0.05]
[8, 0.05]
[9, 0.05]

三、合并和递增

......
for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix):
self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array)
......
def update(array):
split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _]
array = split(array)
for i,a in enumerate(array):
if i and a and a==array[i-1]:
array[i-1] += 1
array[i] = 0
return split(array)

四、判断和移动

略……写得有点复杂，可以到完整代码中阅读。

五、键盘控制

引入keyboard库控制键盘，示例如下：

import keyboard  def keys0():  print("Left key pressed")  def keys1():  print("Right key pressed")  def keys2():  print("Up key pressed")  def keys3():  print("Down key pressed")  def restart():  print("Enter key pressed")  # 添加热键  
keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0)  
keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1)  
keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2)  
keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3)  
keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart)  # 等待用户按下esc键  
print("Waiting for ESC to exit...")  
keyboard.wait('esc')  # 在这里移除所有热键  
print("Removing all hotkeys...")  
keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()

Waiting for ESC to exit...
Left key pressed
Right key pressed
Up key pressed
Down key pressed
Enter key pressed
Removing all hotkeys...
>>>

注：最后一行代码keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()很关键，一定都有否则即使按了ESC键退出程序，热键还是驻留在内存里，键盘还会响应keyboard.add_hotkey()添加的热键。

完整源代码

import keyboard
from random import sampleclass Matrix:def __init__(self, order=4):self.over = Falseself.order = orderself.matrix = self.new()self.victory = Falsedef __repr__(self):m, n = [], len(str(2**max(sum(self.matrix,[]))))for mat in self.matrix:m.append(', '.join(f'{2**x if x else 0:>{n}}' for x in mat))return '],\n ['.join(m).join(['[[',']]'])def new(self):n = self.orderm = sample([0]*(n*n-2)+sample([0,1,1],2),n*n)return  [m[i*n:i*n+n] for i in range(n)]def show(self):if self.over or self.victory:print('Enter to restart...')else:print(self)print()def insert(self):n = self.orderm = [(i,j) for j in range(n) for i in range(n) if not self.matrix[i][j]]if m:i, j = sample(m, 1)[0]self.matrix[i][j] = sum(sample([1,1,1,2],1))def full(self):return all(sum(self.matrix,[]))def move(self, direction=0):if self.over or self.victory: returndirection %= 4if direction == 0:  #leftif self.cannotmove(0): returnelif direction == 1:  #rightif self.cannotmove(1): returnself.matrix = self.flipH()elif direction == 2:  #upif self.cannotmove(2): returnself.matrix = self.rotL()elif direction == 3:  #downif self.cannotmove(3): returnself.matrix = self.rotR()for i,array in enumerate(self.matrix):self.matrix[i] = Matrix.update(array)if direction == 1:self.matrix = self.flipH()elif direction == 2:self.matrix = self.rotR()elif direction == 3:self.matrix = self.rotL()indexmax = max(sum(self.matrix,[]))if self.order==2 and indexmax==4 or self.order==3 and indexmax==7 or indexmax==self.order+7:self.victory = Trueprint(self)print('Win! Enter to restart...')returnself.insert()self.over = self.cannotmove()if self.over:print(self)print('Gave over!')def cannotmove(self, direction = 4):m, n = self.matrix, self.rotR()p, q = self.rotL(), self.flipH()if direction==0:return all(n[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(m)elif direction==1:return all(n[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(q)elif direction==2:return all(m[0]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(n)elif direction==3:return all(m[-1]) and Matrix.cannotupdate(p)else:return (self.full() and self.cannotmove(0) and self.cannotmove(1)and self.cannotmove(2) and self.cannotmove(3))def cannotupdate(matrix):return all([m==Matrix.update(m) for m in matrix])def update(array):split = lambda a: [_ for _ in a if _]+[_ for _ in a if not _]array = split(array)for i,a in enumerate(array):if i and a and a==array[i-1]:array[i-1] += 1array[i] = 0return split(array)def flipH(self):m, n = self.matrix, self.orderreturn [[m[i][n-j-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]def flipV(self):m, n = self.matrix, self.orderreturn [[m[n-j-1][i] for i in range(n)] for j in range(n)]def rotL(self):m, n = self.matrix, self.orderreturn [[m[j][n-i-1] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]def rotR(self):m, n = self.matrix, self.orderreturn [[m[n-j-1][i] for j in range(n)] for i in range(n)]def move(i):mat.move(i)mat.show()
def keys0():  move(0)
def keys1():  move(1)
def keys2():  move(2)
def keys3():  move(3)
def restart():global matif mat.victory:mat.order += 1mat = Matrix(mat.order)mat.show()if mat.over:if mat.order>3:mat.order -= 1mat = Matrix(mat.order)mat.show()if __name__ == '__main__':print("《2048小游戏》")print("上下左右前头控制方向，按ESC退出...") mat = Matrix(2)mat.show()keyboard.add_hotkey('left', keys0)keyboard.add_hotkey('right', keys1) keyboard.add_hotkey('up', keys2)keyboard.add_hotkey('down', keys3)keyboard.add_hotkey('enter', restart)keyboard.wait('esc')  # 等待用户按下esc键退出print('bye!')keyboard.unhook_all_hotkeys()  # 退出后移除所有热键