编写dockerfile文件

[root@wq docker-test-volume]# vim dockerfile1
[root@wq docker-test-volume]# cat dockerfile1
FROM centosVOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]CMD echo "------end------"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@wq docker-test-volume]#

使用dockerfile构建镜像

[root@wq docker-test-volume]# docker build -f dockerfile1 -t wq/centos:1.0 .
[+] Building 0.2s (5/5) FINISHED                                                                     docker:default=> [internal] load build definition from dockerfile1                                                          0.1s=> => transferring dockerfile: 124B                                                                           0.0s=> [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                              0.1s=> => transferring context: 2B                                                                                0.0s=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest                                               0.0s=> [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos                                                                        0.0s=> exporting to image                                                                                         0.0s=> => exporting layers                                                                                        0.0s=> => writing image sha256:c32b80a59aaf0df707899602daf20e786973349dbc09307d516646b5c73db27f                   0.0s=> => naming to docker.io/wq/centos:1.0                                                                       0.0s

查看镜像，并用此镜像创建容器

[root@wq docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
tomcat02              1.0       02ea20370fec   5 hours ago   684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   2 years ago   141MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   2 years ago   680MB
wordpress             latest    c3c92cc3dcb1   2 years ago   616MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   2 years ago   113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   2 years ago   448MB
mysql                 latest    3218b38490ce   2 years ago   516MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB
wq/centos             1.0       c32b80a59aaf   2 years ago   231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   2 years ago   79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   3 years ago   791MB
[root@wq docker-test-volume]#
[root@wq docker-test-volume]#
[root@wq docker-test-volume]# docker run -it c32b80a59aaf /bin/bash
[root@c9a8bacfba06 /]# ls -l
total 56
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Mar  2 12:28 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 174 root root    0 Mar  2 12:28 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Feb 27 06:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 volume01
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 volume02
[root@c9a8bacfba06 /]# exit
exit

查看卷挂载的路径

[root@wq ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                                  NAMES
75bf676f94c1   c32b80a59aaf          "/bin/bash"              About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                                          crazy_torvalds
[root@wq ~]# docker inspect 75bf676f94c1

测试文件是否同步

在容器中的volume01创建一个test.txt文件

[root@c9a8bacfba06 /]# ls -l
total 56
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Mar  2 12:28 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 174 root root    0 Mar  2 12:28 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Feb 27 06:47 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 volume01
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  2 12:28 volume02
[root@75bf676f94c1 /]# cd volume01
[root@75bf676f94c1 volume01]# touch test.txt
[root@75bf676f94c1 volume01]# ls
test.txt
[root@75bf676f94c1 volume01]#
[root@75bf676f94c1 volume01]# pwd
/volume01
[root@75bf676f94c1 volume01]# exit
exit

新建终端查看主机挂载的目录下有没有出现test.txt文件

[root@wq ~]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/e6c1b5cd8bf557012f82df80300702dd316fbcbed3188a601f6c6256c855ee32/_data
[root@wq _data]# ls
test.txt
[root@wq _data]#

测试成功