从小白到入门webrtc音视频通话

0. 写在前面

先会骑车,再研究为什么这么骑,才是我认为学习技术的思路,底部付了demo例子,根据例子上面的介绍即可运行。

1. 音视频通话要用到的技术简介

  1. websocket
    • 介绍:1. 服务器可以向浏览器推送信息;2. 一次握手成功,可持续互相发送信息
    • 在音视频通话钟的作用:1. 作为音视频两个通话终端的桥梁,传递彼此上下线、网络环境等消息,因此他们都叫websocket为“信令服务器”
  2. coturn
    • 介绍:1. 包含stun服务和turn服务,stun可实现两个终端点对点语音通话;turn服务在无法点对点通话时,用作中转音视频流。
  3. webrtc
    • 介绍:1. 开源项目;2. 用于音视频实时互动、游戏、即时通讯、文件传输。

2. webrtc音视频通话开发思路

2.1. webrtc调用时序图

  1. 下图简化了B客户端创建PeerConnection,具体流程要看下面“调用时序图介绍”
    webrtc调用时序图

2.2. 调用时序图介绍

  1. 上图名词介绍
    1. client A:客户端A
    2. Stun Server:穿透服务器,也就是coturn服务器中的Stun
    3. Signal Server:信令服务器,也就是web socket搭建的服务器
    4. client B:客户端B
    5. PeerConnection(WebRtc的接口)
  2. 流程介绍
    1. A客户端先发送信息到信令服务器,信令服务器存储A客户端信息,等待其他客户端加入。
    2. B客户端再发送信息到信令服务器,信令服务器存储B客户端信息,并告知A已有新客户端加入。
    3. A客户端创建 PeerConnection(WebRtc的接口),用于获取本地的网络信息、以及保存对方的网络信息、传递音视频流、监听通话过程状态。(B客户端后面也需要创建PeerConnection)
    4. AddStreams:A客户端添加本地音视频流到PeerConnection
    5. CreateOffer:A客户端创建Offer并发送给信令服务器,由信令服务器转给B客户端。Offer中包含本地的网络信息(SDP)。
    6. CreateAnswer:B客户端收到Offer后,创建放到自己的PeerConnection中,并获取自己的网络信息(SDP),通过发送给信令服务器,由信令服务器转发给A客户端。
    7. 上面步骤进行完毕后,开始通过信令服务器(coturn),双方客户端获取自己的地址作为候选人“candidate”,然后通过websocket发送给对方。彼此拿到候选地址后,互相进行访问测试,建立链接。
    8. OnAddStream:获取对方音视频流,PeerConnection有ontrack监听器能拿到对方视频流数据。

2. 搭建WebSocket服务器

看例子中代码,使用nodejs启动

3. 搭建Coturn音视频穿透服务器

公司内网虚拟机中穿透服务器Coturn的搭建

4. 遇到的问题

后面再慢慢补吧,问题有点多

5. 例子

  1. 客户端代码使用html+js编写
  2. WebSocket代码使用js编写使用nodejs运行
  3. android端代码请下载:WebRtcAndroidDemo

5.1 客户端代码

  1. 引入adapter-latest.js文件,此文件如果过期了就自己百度找找吧。
  2. 将ws://192.168.1.60:9001/ws改为自己websocket服务所在电脑的ip地址,在本地启动则是本机地址
  3. 将iceServers中的ip改为coturn服务器所在ip地址
<html><head><title>Voice WebRTC demo</title></head><h1>WebRTC demo 1v1</h1><div id="buttons"><input id="zero-roomId" type="text" placeholder="请输入房间ID" maxlength="40"/><button id="joinBtn" type="button">加入</button><button id="leaveBtn" type="button">离开</button>    </div><div id="videos"><video id="localVideo" autoplay muted playsinline>本地窗口</video><video id="remoteVideo" autoplay playsinline>远端窗口</video></div><script src="js/main.js"></script><!-- 可直接引入在线js:https://webrtc.github.io/adapter/adapter-latest.js  --><script src="js/adapter-latest.js"></script>
</html>
'use strict';// join 主动加入房间
// leave 主动离开房间
// new-peer 有人加入房间,通知已经在房间的人
// peer-leave 有人离开房间,通知已经在房间的人
// offer 发送offer给对端peer
// answer发送offer给对端peer
// candidate 发送candidate给对端peer
const SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN = "join";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN = "resp-join";  // 告知加入者对方是谁
const SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE = "leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER = "new-peer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE = "peer-leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER = "offer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER = "answer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE = "candidate";var localUserId = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2); // 本地uid
var remoteUserId = -1;      // 对端
var roomId = 0;var localVideo = document.querySelector('#localVideo');
var remoteVideo = document.querySelector('#remoteVideo');
var localStream = null;
var remoteStream = null;
var pc = null;var zeroRTCEngine;function handleIceCandidate(event) {console.info("handleIceCandidate");if (event.candidate) {var candidateJson = {'label': event.candidate.sdpMLineIndex,'id': event.candidate.sdpMid,'candidate': event.candidate.candidate};var jsonMsg = {'cmd': SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE,'roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid':remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(candidateJson) };var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("handleIceCandidate message: " + message);console.info("send candidate message");} else {console.warn("End of candidates");}
}function handleRemoteStreamAdd(event) {console.info("handleRemoteStreamAdd");remoteStream = event.streams[0];// 视频轨道// let videoTracks = remoteStream.getVideoTracks()// 音频轨道// let audioTracks = remoteStream.getAudioTracks()remoteVideo.srcObject = remoteStream;
}function handleConnectionStateChange() {if(pc != null) {console.info("ConnectionState -> " + pc.connectionState);}
}function handleIceConnectionStateChange() {if(pc != null) {console.info("IceConnectionState -> " + pc.iceConnectionState);}
}function createPeerConnection() {var defaultConfiguration = {  bundlePolicy: "max-bundle",rtcpMuxPolicy: "require",iceTransportPolicy:"all",//relay 或者 all// 修改ice数组测试效果,需要进行封装iceServers: [{"urls": ["turn:192.168.1.173:3478?transport=udp","turn:192.168.1.173:3478?transport=tcp"       // 可以插入多个进行备选],"username": "lqf","credential": "123456"},{"urls": ["stun:192.168.1.173:3478"]}]};pc = new RTCPeerConnection(defaultConfiguration); // 音视频通话的核心类pc.onicecandidate = handleIceCandidate;pc.ontrack = handleRemoteStreamAdd;pc.onconnectionstatechange = handleConnectionStateChange;pc.oniceconnectionstatechange = handleIceConnectionStateChangelocalStream.getTracks().forEach((track) => pc.addTrack(track, localStream)); // 把本地流设置给RTCPeerConnection
}function createOfferAndSendMessage(session) {pc.setLocalDescription(session).then(function () {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'offer','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid': remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(session)};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);// console.info("send offer message: " + message);console.info("send offer message");}).catch(function (error) {console.error("offer setLocalDescription failed: " + error);});}function handleCreateOfferError(error) {console.error("handleCreateOfferError: " + error);
}function createAnswerAndSendMessage(session) {pc.setLocalDescription(session).then(function () {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'answer','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,'remoteUid': remoteUserId,'msg': JSON.stringify(session)};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);// console.info("send answer message: " + message);console.info("send answer message");}).catch(function (error) {console.error("answer setLocalDescription failed: " + error);});}function handleCreateAnswerError(error) {console.error("handleCreateAnswerError: " + error);
}var ZeroRTCEngine = function (wsUrl) {this.init(wsUrl);zeroRTCEngine = this;return this;
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.init = function (wsUrl) {// 设置websocket  urlthis.wsUrl = wsUrl;/** websocket对象 */this.signaling = null;
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.createWebsocket = function () {zeroRTCEngine = this;zeroRTCEngine.signaling = new WebSocket(this.wsUrl);zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onopen = function () {zeroRTCEngine.onOpen();}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onmessage = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onMessage(ev);}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onerror = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onError(ev);}zeroRTCEngine.signaling.onclose = function (ev) {zeroRTCEngine.onClose(ev);}
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onOpen = function () {console.log("websocket打开");
}
ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onMessage = function (event) {console.log("websocket收到信息: " + event.data);var jsonMsg = null;try {jsonMsg = JSON.parse(event.data);} catch(e) {console.warn("onMessage parse Json failed:" + e);return;}switch (jsonMsg.cmd) {case SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER:handleRemoteNewPeer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN:handleResponseJoin(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE:handleRemotePeerLeave(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER:handleRemoteOffer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER:handleRemoteAnswer(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE:handleRemoteCandidate(jsonMsg);break;}
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onError = function (event) {console.log("onError: " + event.data);
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.onClose = function (event) {console.log("onClose -> code: " + event.code + ", reason:" + EventTarget.reason);
}ZeroRTCEngine.prototype.sendMessage = function (message) {this.signaling.send(message);
}function handleResponseJoin(message) {console.info("handleResponseJoin, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteUserId = message.remoteUid;// doOffer();
}function handleRemotePeerLeave(message) {console.info("handleRemotePeerLeave, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteVideo.srcObject = null;if(pc != null) {pc.close();pc = null;}
}function handleRemoteNewPeer(message) {console.info("处理远端新加入链接,并发送offer, remoteUid: " + message.remoteUid);remoteUserId = message.remoteUid;doOffer();
}function handleRemoteOffer(message) {console.info("handleRemoteOffer");if(pc == null) {createPeerConnection();}var desc = JSON.parse(message.msg);pc.setRemoteDescription(desc);doAnswer();
}function handleRemoteAnswer(message) {console.info("handleRemoteAnswer");var desc = JSON.parse(message.msg);pc.setRemoteDescription(desc);
}function handleRemoteCandidate(message) {console.info("handleRemoteCandidate");var jsonMsg = message.msg;if(typeof message.msg === "string"){jsonMsg = JSON.parse(message.msg);}var candidateMsg = {'sdpMLineIndex': jsonMsg.label,'sdpMid': jsonMsg.id,'candidate': jsonMsg.candidate};var candidate = new RTCIceCandidate(candidateMsg);pc.addIceCandidate(candidate).catch(e => {console.error("addIceCandidate failed:" + e.name);});
}function doOffer() {// 创建RTCPeerConnectionif (pc == null) {createPeerConnection();}// let options = {offerToReceiveVideo:true}// pc.createOffer(options).then(createOfferAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateOfferError);pc.createOffer().then(createOfferAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateOfferError);
}function doAnswer() {pc.createAnswer().then(createAnswerAndSendMessage).catch(handleCreateAnswerError);
}function doJoin(roomId) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'join','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("doJoin message: " + message);
}function doLeave() {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'leave','roomId': roomId,'uid': localUserId,};var message = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);zeroRTCEngine.sendMessage(message);console.info("doLeave message: " + message);hangup();
}function hangup() {localVideo.srcObject = null; // 0.关闭自己的本地显示remoteVideo.srcObject = null; // 1.不显示对方closeLocalStream(); // 2. 关闭本地流if(pc != null) {pc.close(); // 3.关闭RTCPeerConnectionpc = null;}
}function closeLocalStream() {if(localStream != null) {localStream.getTracks().forEach((track) => {track.stop();});}
}function openLocalStream(stream) {console.log('Open local stream');doJoin(roomId);localVideo.srcObject = stream;      // 显示画面localStream = stream;   // 保存本地流的句柄
}function initLocalStream() {navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({audio: true,video: true}).then(openLocalStream).catch(function (e) {alert("getUserMedia() error: " + e.name);});
}
// zeroRTCEngine = new ZeroRTCEngine("wss://192.168.1.60:80/ws");
zeroRTCEngine = new ZeroRTCEngine("ws://192.168.1.60:9001/ws");
zeroRTCEngine.createWebsocket();document.getElementById('joinBtn').onclick = function () {roomId = document.getElementById('zero-roomId').value;if (roomId == "" || roomId == "请输入房间ID") {alert("请输入房间ID");return;}console.log("第一步:加入按钮被点击, roomId: " + roomId);// 初始化本地码流initLocalStream();
}document.getElementById('leaveBtn').onclick = function () {console.log("离开按钮被点击");doLeave();
}

5.2. 编写websocket服务

  1. 使用nodejs启动
var ws = require("nodejs-websocket")
var prort = 9001;// join 主动加入房间
// leave 主动离开房间
// new-peer 有人加入房间,通知已经在房间的人
// peer-leave 有人离开房间,通知已经在房间的人
// offer 发送offer给对端peer
// answer发送offer给对端peer
// candidate 发送candidate给对端peer
const SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN = "join";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN = "resp-join";  // 告知加入者对方是谁
const SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE = "leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER = "new-peer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_PEER_LEAVE = "peer-leave";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER = "offer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER = "answer";
const SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE = "candidate";/** ----- ZeroRTCMap ----- */
var ZeroRTCMap = function () {this._entrys = new Array();this.put = function (key, value) {if (key == null || key == undefined) {return;}var index = this._getIndex(key);if (index == -1) {var entry = new Object();entry.key = key;entry.value = value;this._entrys[this._entrys.length] = entry;} else {this._entrys[index].value = value;}};this.get = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);return (index != -1) ? this._entrys[index].value : null;};this.remove = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);if (index != -1) {this._entrys.splice(index, 1);}};this.clear = function () {this._entrys.length = 0;};this.contains = function (key) {var index = this._getIndex(key);return (index != -1) ? true : false;};this.size = function () {return this._entrys.length;};this.getEntrys = function () {return this._entrys;};this._getIndex = function (key) {if (key == null || key == undefined) {return -1;}var _length = this._entrys.length;for (var i = 0; i < _length; i++) {var entry = this._entrys[i];if (entry == null || entry == undefined) {continue;}if (entry.key === key) {// equalreturn i;}}return -1;};
}var roomTableMap = new ZeroRTCMap();function Client(uid, conn, roomId) {this.uid = uid;     // 用户所属的idthis.conn = conn;   // uid对应的websocket连接this.roomId = roomId;
}function handleJoin(message, conn) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;console.info("uid: " + uid + "try to join room " + roomId);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {roomMap = new  ZeroRTCMap();        // 如果房间没有创建,则新创建一个房间roomTableMap.put(roomId, roomMap);}if(roomMap.size() >= 2) {console.error("roomId:" + roomId + " 已经有两人存在,请使用其他房间");// 加信令通知客户端,房间已满return null;}var client = new Client(uid, conn, roomId);roomMap.put(uid, client);if(roomMap.size() > 1) {// 房间里面已经有人了,加上新进来的人,那就是>=2了,所以要通知对方var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var remoteUid = clients[i].key;if (remoteUid != uid) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': SIGNAL_TYPE_NEW_PEER,'remoteUid': uid};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteClient =roomMap.get(remoteUid);console.info("new-peer: " + msg);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);jsonMsg = {'cmd':SIGNAL_TYPE_RESP_JOIN,'remoteUid': remoteUid};msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);console.info("resp-join: " + msg);conn.sendText(msg);}}}return client;
}function handleLeave(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleLeave can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if (!roomMap.contains(uid)) {console.info("uid: " + uid +" have leave roomId " + roomId);return;}console.info("uid: " + uid + " leave room " + roomId);roomMap.remove(uid);        // 删除发送者if(roomMap.size() >= 1) {var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'peer-leave','remoteUid': uid // 谁离开就填写谁};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteUid = clients[i].key;var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {console.info("notify peer:" + remoteClient.uid + ", uid:" + uid + " leave");remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);}}}
}function handleForceLeave(client) {var roomId = client.roomId;var uid = client.uid;// 1. 先查找房间号var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.warn("handleForceLeave can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}// 2. 判别uid是否在房间if (!roomMap.contains(uid)) {console.info("uid: " + uid +" have leave roomId " + roomId);return;}// 3.走到这一步,说明客户端没有正常离开,所以我们要执行离开程序console.info("uid: " + uid + " force leave room " + roomId);roomMap.remove(uid);        // 删除发送者if(roomMap.size() >= 1) {var clients = roomMap.getEntrys();for(var i in clients) {var jsonMsg = {'cmd': 'peer-leave','remoteUid': uid // 谁离开就填写谁};var msg = JSON.stringify(jsonMsg);var remoteUid = clients[i].key;var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {console.info("notify peer:" + remoteClient.uid + ", uid:" + uid + " leave");remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);}}}
}function handleOffer(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("handleOffer uid: " + uid + "transfer  offer  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleOffer can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleOffer can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);    //把数据发送给对方} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid: " + remoteUid);}
}function handleAnswer(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("handleAnswer uid: " + uid + "transfer answer  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleAnswer can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleAnswer can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid: " + remoteUid);}
}function handleCandidate(message) {var roomId = message.roomId;var uid = message.uid;var remoteUid = message.remoteUid;console.info("处理Candidate uid: " + uid + "transfer candidate  to remoteUid" + remoteUid);var roomMap = roomTableMap.get(roomId);if (roomMap == null) {console.error("handleCandidate can't find then roomId " + roomId);return;}if(roomMap.get(uid) == null) {console.error("handleCandidate can't find then uid " + uid);return;}var remoteClient = roomMap.get(remoteUid);if(remoteClient) {var msg = JSON.stringify(message);remoteClient.conn.sendText(msg);} else {console.error("can't find remoteUid: " + remoteUid);}
}
// 创建监听9001端口webSocket服务
var server = ws.createServer(function(conn){console.log("创建一个新的连接--------")conn.client = null; // 对应的客户端信息// conn.sendText("我收到你的连接了....");conn.on("text", function(str) {// console.info("recv msg:" + str);var jsonMsg = JSON.parse(str);switch (jsonMsg.cmd) {case SIGNAL_TYPE_JOIN:conn.client = handleJoin(jsonMsg, conn);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_LEAVE:handleLeave(jsonMsg);break;case SIGNAL_TYPE_OFFER:handleOffer(jsonMsg);break;   case SIGNAL_TYPE_ANSWER:handleAnswer(jsonMsg);break; case SIGNAL_TYPE_CANDIDATE:handleCandidate(jsonMsg);break;      }});conn.on("close", function(code, reason) {console.info("连接关闭 code: " + code + ", reason: " + reason);if(conn.client != null) {// 强制让客户端从房间退出handleForceLeave(conn.client);}});conn.on("error", function(err) {console.info("监听到错误:" + err);});
}).listen(prort);

6. 参考文档

  1. WebRtc接口参考
  2. WebRTC 传输协议详解
  3. WebRTC的学习(java版本信令服务)
  4. Android webrtc实战(一)录制本地视频并播放,附带详细的基础知识讲解
  5. webSocket(wss)出现连接失败的问题解决方法
  6. 最重要的是这个,完整听了课程:2023最新Webrtc基础教程合集,涵盖所有核心内容(Nodejs+vscode+coturn

本文来自互联网用户投稿,该文观点仅代表作者本人,不代表本站立场。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务,不拥有所有权,不承担相关法律责任。如若转载,请注明出处:http://www.mzph.cn/news/670558.shtml

如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符,请联系多彩编程网进行投诉反馈email:809451989@qq.com,一经查实,立即删除!

相关文章

C#,河豚算法(Blowfish Algorithm)的加密、解密源代码

Bruce Schneier 1 河豚算法&#xff08;Blowfish Algorithm&#xff09; 河豚算法&#xff08;Blowfish Algorithm&#xff09;是1993年11月由Bruce Schneier设计的一个完全开源的算法。 Blowfish算法是一个分组长度为64位、密钥长度可变的对称分组密码算法。 Blowfish算法具…

Android中AGP与Gradle、AS、JDK的版本关系

文章目录 AGP版本所要求的Gradle、JDK、SDK Build Tools最小版本Android Studio所要求的AGP最小版本 本文介绍了 在Android开发中由于AGP与gradle、JDK、AS等版本不匹配导致的编译失败问题屡见不鲜&#xff0c;尤其是对于新手而言更是叫苦不迭。新手经常遇到拿到别人的工程代码…

绕过过滤空格的 SQL 注入

环境准备:构建完善的安全渗透测试环境:推荐工具、资源和下载链接_渗透测试靶机下载-CSDN博客 一、基础知识介绍 在深入了解SQL注入等数据库安全话题之前,掌握一些MySQL数据库的基础知识是很重要的。以下是关于MySQL中一些核心概念和特性的简介: 1.1 MySQL中的大小写不敏…

学习Android的第五天

目录 Android ConstraintLayout 约束布局 简介 ConstraintLayout 约束布局分类 1、相对定位 (Relative positioning) 2、边距 ( Margins ) 3、居中定位和偏向 ( Centering positioning and bias ) 4、环形定位 ( Circular positioning ) 5、对可见性的处理 ( Visibilit…

SPECCPU2017操作说明

1、依赖包下载 yum install gcc* gfortran* 2、将软件包放至被测机器 3、增加权限 chmod X install.sh 4、运行安装 ./install.sh 5、运行 引入编译时所需的环境变量和相关库文件 source shrc 进入/spec2017&#xff0c;执行 ./runcpu -c ../config/Example-gcc-linux-ar…

Spark如何用repartition来提升执行效率

Spark如何用repartition来提升执行效率 什么是repartition如何使用什么时候需要使用repartition 什么是repartition repartition 是 Spark 中的一个转换操作&#xff0c;它可以用来增加或减少分区的数量。这个操作会产生一个新的 RDD&#xff0c;DataFrame 或 Dataset&#xf…

docker安装gitlab-runner

下载镜像并启动 docker run -d --name gitlab-runner --restart always -v /home/gitlab-runner/config:/etc/gitlab-runner -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock gitlab/gitlab-runner:latest 进入gitlab-runner容器内 docker exec -it gitlab-runner bash 执行…

Java中Maven的使用分享

目录 Java中Maven的使用分享1. 什么是Maven&#xff1f;2. Maven的安装与配置3. Maven项目的创建与结构4. Maven依赖管理5. Maven生命周期和插件6. Maven常用命令7. 实际案例与高级操作8. 结语 Java中Maven的使用分享 欢迎来到本博客&#xff0c;今天我们将深入探讨Java项目中…

万物皆可播时代,我们如何把握机遇

在万物皆可播的时代&#xff0c;我们可以通过以下方式来把握机遇&#xff1a; 了解市场需求&#xff1a;通过观察和了解消费者的需求和偏好&#xff0c;发现具有潜力的市场空白。关注时尚、美妆、美食、旅游等领域的发展趋势&#xff0c;掌握最新的流行趋势&#xff0c;结合自…

春运开始,北斗卫星助力盲区来车预警提示

春运开始&#xff0c;北斗卫星助力盲区来车预警提示 近期春运开始&#xff0c;高德地图启动了2024年的“温暖回家路”服务计划&#xff0c;通过数字化服务创新保障春运出行。除了具备自学习能力的新能源导航首发亮相外&#xff0c;还重点升级了盲区会车预警服务。在山区弯道、…

❤ React18 环境搭建项目与运行(地址已经放Gitee开源)

❤ React项目搭建与运行 环境介绍 node v20.11.0 react 18.2 react-dom 18.2.0一、React环境搭建 第一种普通cra搭建 1、检查本地环境 node版本 18.17.0 检查node和npm环境 node -v npm -v 2、安装yarn npm install -g yarn yarn --version 3、创建一个新的React项目…

ABAP 笔记--内表结构不一致,无法更新数据库MODIFY和UPDATE

目录 ABAP 笔记内表结构不一致&#xff0c;无法更新数据库MODIFY和UPDATE ABAP 笔记 内表结构不一致&#xff0c;无法更新数据库 MODIFY和UPDATE 如果是使用MODIFY或者UPDATE

Live800:从客户反馈中学习与改进,塑造卓越的企业客户服务

在当今的商业环境中&#xff0c;客户反馈已经成为企业改进产品和服务&#xff0c;提升客户满意度&#xff0c;增强品牌形象的重要工具。今天将以企业客户服务为例&#xff0c;探讨如何从客户反馈中学习和改进&#xff0c;包括收集客户反馈、分析客户反馈、实施改进措施等方面。…

数据结构之快速排序

快速排序的基本思想是&#xff1a; 通过一趟排序将待排的记录划分为独立的两部分&#xff0c;称为前半区和后半区&#xff0c;其中&#xff0c;前半区中记录的关键字均不大于后半区记录的关键字&#xff0c;然后再分别对这两部分记录继续进行快速排序&#xff0c;从而使整个序列…

(27)温度转换

文章目录 每日一言题目解题思路代码结语 每日一言 什么叫作失败&#xff1f;失败是到达较佳境地的第一步。——菲里浦斯 题目 题目链接&#xff1a;温度转换 给你一个四舍五入到两位小数的非负浮点数 celsius 来表示温度&#xff0c;以 摄氏度&#xff08;Celsius&#xff0…

远程主机可能不符合 glibc 和 libstdc++ Vs Code 服务器的先决条件

vscode连接远程主机报错&#xff0c;原因官方已经公布过了&#xff0c;需要远程主机 glibc>2.28&#xff0c;所以Ubuntu18及以下版本没法再远程连接了&#xff0c;其他Linux系统执行ldd --version查看glibc版本自行判断。 解决方案建议&#xff1a; 不要再想升级glibc了 问题…

初探vue:掌握Vue的核心概念和基本用法(待续)

一、vue基本概念 它基于标准 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 构建&#xff0c;它采用mvvm&#xff08;Model-View-ViewModel&#xff09;架构模式&#xff0c;并提供了一套声明式的、组件化的编程模型&#xff0c;帮助你高效地开发用户界面。无论是简单还是复杂的界面&#xff0c;Vue…

Golang GC 介绍

文章目录 0.前言1.发展史2.并发三色标记清除和混合写屏障2.1 三色标记2.2 并发标记问题2.3 屏障机制Dijkstra 插入写屏障Yuasa 删除写屏障混合写屏障 3.GC 过程4.GC 触发时机5.哪里记录了对象的三色状态&#xff1f;6.如何观察 GC&#xff1f;方式1&#xff1a;GODEBUGgctrace1…

Days 22 ElfBoard 基于QT的智慧家庭控制中心

1、项目介绍 1.1、项目功能简介 本项目基于elfboard开发板&#xff0c;利用qt搭建一个智慧家庭控制中心系统&#xff0c;该系统由四个部分组成&#xff1a;网络连接 、天气预报、室内环境监测和家具控制中心。网络连接部分的功能是扫描周围的wifi网络并连接&#xff0c;天气预…

C#入门及进阶|数组和集合(二):数组的初始化及元素访问

目录 1.数组的初始化 1. 1 一维数组初始化 1.2多维数组初始化 1.3 不规则数组初始化 2.数组的访问 2.1 一维数组的引用 2.2 多维数组的引用 2.3 不规则数组的引用 1.数组的初始化 1. 1 一维数组初始化 语法形式1&#xff1a; type [ ] arrayName new type [size] { …