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144. 二叉树的前序遍历
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-preorder-traversal/
/*** Definition for a binary tree node.* struct TreeNode {* int val;* TreeNode *left;* TreeNode *right;* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}* };*///中左右/*法一:递归法*/class Solution {
public:void traversal(TreeNode* root,vector<int>& vec/*类似于数组*/){if(root==NULL)return;vec.push_back/**/(root->val);traversal(root->left,vec);traversal(root->right,vec);}vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;traversal(root,result);return result;}
};/*法二:迭代法
因为递归是用栈实现的,所以迭代法也用栈实现,
因为弹出的顺序是 中左右,所以栈的位置(左边封闭):右左中
先把根节点放进栈,再放入 右 节点,再放进左节点(因为栈是先进后出),再一一弹出*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;st.push(root);while(!st.empty()){TreeNode* cur=st.top();st.pop();if(cur==NULL)continue;result.push_back(cur->val);st.push(cur->right);/******/st.push(cur->left);}return result;}
};
/*法三:统一迭代法(注释是中序遍历的)*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur=root;st.push(cur);//中左右---->放的时候应该为右左中while(!st.empty()){cur=st.top();if(cur!=NULL)//加入节点入栈,记住中间节点是遍历节点,而不是操作节点,所以要标记(在后面加NULL){st.pop();//因为先放进去右节点if(cur->right!=NULL) st.push(cur->right);/*!!!!!!!!注意要不为空才可以放入,不然else部分会运行错误!!!!!!*/if(cur->left!=NULL) st.push(cur->left);st.push(cur);st.push(NULL);/**/}else{st.pop();//把NULL弹出cur=st.top();st.pop();result.push_back(cur->val);}}return result;}
};
145. 二叉树的后序遍历
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-postorder-traversal/
/*** Definition for a binary tree node.* struct TreeNode {* int val;* TreeNode *left;* TreeNode *right;* TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}* TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}* };*///左右中/*法一:迭代法*/// class Solution {
// public:
// void traversal(TreeNode* root,vector<int>& vec/*类似于数组*/)
// {
// if(root==NULL)
// return;// traversal(root->left,vec);
// traversal(root->right,vec);
// vec.push_back/**/(root->val);
// }// vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root)
// {
// vector<int>result;
// traversal(root,result);
// return result;
// }
// };/*法二:迭代法
因为递归是用栈实现的,所以迭代法也用栈实现,与前序遍历的迭代法类似
左右中,所以栈的样子(左边闭合):中右左---->把前序遍历的左右顺序换一下,再整个数组调转
*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;st.push(root);while(!st.empty()){TreeNode* cur=st.top();st.pop();if(cur==NULL)continue;result.push_back(cur->val);st.push(cur->left);st.push(cur->right);/******/}reverse(result.begin(),result.end());return result;}
};
class Solution {
public:vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur=root;st.push(cur);//左右中---->放的时候应该为中右左while(!st.empty()){cur=st.top();if(cur!=NULL)//加入节点入栈,记住中间节点是遍历节点,而不是操作节点,所以要标记(在后面加NULL){st.pop();//因为先放进去右节点st.push(cur);st.push(NULL);/**/if(cur->right!=NULL) st.push(cur->right);/*!!!!!!!!注意要不为空才可以放入,不然else部分会运行错误!!!!!!*/if(cur->left!=NULL) st.push(cur->left);}else{st.pop();//把NULL弹出cur=st.top();st.pop();result.push_back(cur->val);}}return result;}
};
/*法三:统一迭代法(注释是中序遍历的)*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur=root;st.push(cur);//左右中---->放的时候应该为中右左while(!st.empty()){cur=st.top();if(cur!=NULL)//加入节点入栈,记住中间节点是遍历节点,而不是操作节点,所以要标记(在后面加NULL){st.pop();//因为先放进去右节点st.push(cur);st.push(NULL);/**/if(cur->right!=NULL) st.push(cur->right);/*!!!!!!!!注意要不为空才可以放入,不然else部分会运行错误!!!!!!*/if(cur->left!=NULL) st.push(cur->left);}else{st.pop();//把NULL弹出cur=st.top();st.pop();result.push_back(cur->val);}}return result;}
};
94. 二叉树的中序遍历
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-inorder-traversal/
//左中右/*法一:递归法*/
class Solution {
public:void Traversal(TreeNode* cur,vector<int>& result){if(cur==NULL)return;Traversal(cur->left,result);result.push_back(cur->val);Traversal(cur->right,result);}vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;Traversal(root,result);return result;}
};/*法二:迭代法
与前序遍历后序遍历不同,注意 遍历节点 和 处理节点 的区别
解题方法:需要一个指针去遍历二叉树,
若遍历的节点为空,则将栈顶元素加入答案,并弹出栈顶元素;
若不为空,则将该元素加入栈中,再将指针指向该元素的左节点
当栈和节点都为空,遍历结束
*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur=root;while(!st.empty()||cur!=NULL)//注意是||{if(cur!=NULL){st.push(cur);cur=cur->left;}else{cur=st.top();/*注意是cur*/st.pop();result.push_back(cur->val);cur=cur->right;}}return result;}
};
但是发现三种迭代法不统一,不统一的原因是:前后序遍历是处理节点与遍历节点相同,但是中序不相同
/*法三:统一迭代法*/class Solution {
public:vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;if(root==NULL)return result;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur=root;st.push(cur);//左中右---->放的时候应该为右中左while(!st.empty()){cur=st.top();if(cur!=NULL)//加入节点入栈,记住中间节点是遍历节点,而不是操作节点,所以要标记(在后面加NULL){st.pop();//因为先放进去右节点if(cur->right!=NULL) st.push(cur->right);/*!!!!!!!!注意要不为空才可以放入,不然else部分会运行错误!!!!!!*/st.push(cur);st.push(NULL);/**/if(cur->left!=NULL) st.push(cur->left);}else{st.pop();//把NULL弹出cur=st.top();st.pop();result.push_back(cur->val);}}return result;}
};
102. 二叉树的层序遍历
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-level-order-traversal/
/*模板!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
层序遍历靠二叉树是不可以实现的,所以需要一个队列+size来存储
*//*
注意在C++中:
一维数组的定义:vector<数组 元素 的数据类型>
二维数组的定义:vector<一维数组>
vector是push_back
queue是push,front
*/class Solution {
public:vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {vector<vector<int>>result;int size;TreeNode* cur=root;queue<TreeNode*>que;if(cur!=NULL)que.push(cur);//注意是push,不是push_backwhile(!que.empty()){size=que.size();vector<int>vec;while(size--){TreeNode* p=que.front();//注意是front,不是topvec.push_back(p->val);//注意是push_backque.pop();if(p->left!=NULL) que.push(p->left);if(p->right!=NULL) que.push(p->right);}result.push_back(vec);}return result;}
};
107. 二叉树的层序遍历 II
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-level-order-traversal-ii/
//二叉树的层序遍历的答案数组翻转就好class Solution {
public:vector<vector<int>> levelOrderBottom(TreeNode* root) {vector<vector<int>>result;int size;TreeNode* cur=root;queue<TreeNode*>que;if(cur!=NULL)que.push(cur);//注意是push,不是push_backwhile(!que.empty()){size=que.size();vector<int>vec;while(size--){TreeNode* p=que.front();//注意是front,不是topvec.push_back(p->val);//注意是push_backque.pop();if(p->left!=NULL) que.push(p->left);if(p->right!=NULL) que.push(p->right);}result.push_back(vec);}reverse(result.begin(),result.end());return result;}
};
199. 二叉树的右视图
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/binary-tree-right-side-view/
//一直往右走(想得太简单了)----->正确思路:看是不是该层最右边的元素---->同样设置size,size=1的时候就是最右边的class Solution {
public:vector<int> rightSideView(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;int size;TreeNode* cur=root;queue<TreeNode*>que;if(cur!=NULL)que.push(cur);//注意是push,不是push_backwhile(!que.empty()){size=que.size();while(size){cur=que.front();/**/if(size==1)result.push_back(cur->val);que.pop();if(cur->left!=NULL) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right!=NULL) que.push(cur->right);size--;}//cur=cur->right;(错误写法)}return result;}
};
637. 二叉树的层平均值
题目链接:https://leetcode.cn/problems/average-of-levels-in-binary-tree/
//class Solution {
public:vector<double> averageOfLevels(TreeNode* root) {long long sum=0;double average=0.0;vector<double>result;int size,size1;queue<TreeNode*>que;//注意<>内的类型TreeNode*cur=root;if(cur!=NULL)que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){sum=0;size=que.size();size1=size;while(size1--){cur=que.front();sum+=cur->val;que.pop();if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}average=sum*1.0/size;result.push_back(average);}return result;}
};
429. N 叉树的层序遍历
https://leetcode.cn/problems/n-ary-tree-level-order-traversal/
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;vector<Node*> children;Node() {}Node(int _val) {val = _val;}Node(int _val, vector<Node*> _children) {val = _val;children = _children;}
};
*/class Solution {
public:vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(Node* root) {vector<vector<int>>result;queue<Node*>que;Node* cur=root;int size;if(cur!=NULL)que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){vector<int>vec;size=que.size();while(size--){cur=que.front();vec.push_back(cur->val);que.pop();for(int i=0;i<cur->children.size();i++){if(cur->children[i]) que.push(cur->children[i]);}}result.push_back(vec);} return result;}
};
515. 在每个树行中找最大值
https://leetcode.cn/problems/find-largest-value-in-each-tree-row/
//class Solution {
public:vector<int> largestValues(TreeNode* root) {vector<int>result;int max=INT_MIN;int size;queue<TreeNode*>que;TreeNode* cur=root;if(cur==NULL)return result;que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){size=que.size();max=INT_MIN;/*每次都要更新*/while(size--){cur=que.front();que.pop();if(cur!=NULL&&cur->val>max)max=cur->val;if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}result.push_back(max);}return result;}
};
116. 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针
https://leetcode.cn/problems/populating-next-right-pointers-in-each-node/
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;Node* left;Node* right;Node* next;Node() : val(0), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}Node(int _val) : val(_val), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next): val(_val), left(_left), right(_right), next(_next) {}
};
*/
class Solution {
public:Node* connect(Node* root) {Node* cur=root;queue<Node*>que;int size;if(cur==NULL)return root;que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){size=que.size();Node* Precur;Node* cur;for(int i=0;i<size;i++){if(i==0){Precur=que.front();que.pop();cur=Precur;/*!!!!!!!!!!!!!111*/}else{cur=que.front();que.pop();Precur->next=cur;Precur=Precur->next;}if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}Precur->next=NULL;}return root;}
};
117. 填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针 II
https://leetcode.cn/problems/populating-next-right-pointers-in-each-node-ii/
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;Node* left;Node* right;Node* next;Node() : val(0), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}Node(int _val) : val(_val), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next): val(_val), left(_left), right(_right), next(_next) {}
};
*/class Solution {
public:Node* connect(Node* root) {queue<Node*>que;if(root==NULL)return root;que.push(root);int size;while(!que.empty()){size=que.size();Node* precur;Node* cur;for(int i=0;i<size;i++){if(i==0){precur=que.front();que.pop();cur=precur;}else{cur=que.front();que.pop();precur->next=cur;precur=precur->next;}if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}precur->next=NULL;}return root;}
};
104. 二叉树的最大深度
https://leetcode.cn/problems/maximum-depth-of-binary-tree/
/*使用迭代法的话,使用层序遍历是最为合适的,因为最大的深度就是二叉树的层数,和层序遍历的方式极其吻合。在二叉树中,一层一层的来遍历二叉树,记录一下遍历的层数就是二叉树的深度*/class Solution {
public:int maxDepth(TreeNode* root) {int deepth=0;queue<TreeNode*>que;int size;if(root==NULL)return 0;TreeNode* cur=root;que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){size=que.size();deepth++;while (size--){cur = que.front();que.pop();if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}}return deepth;}
};
111. 二叉树的最小深度
https://leetcode.cn/problems/minimum-depth-of-binary-tree/
//最先左右孩子都为空的层数为最小深度class Solution {
public:int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {int deepth=0;queue<TreeNode*>que;TreeNode* cur=root;int size;if(root==NULL)return 0;que.push(cur);while(!que.empty()){size = que.size();deepth++;while(size--){cur=que.front();que.pop();if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);/*注意是放在while(size--)里面*/if(cur->left==NULL&&cur->right==NULL)return deepth;}}return deepth;}
};
226. 翻转二叉树
https://leetcode.cn/problems/invert-binary-tree/
//每个节点的左右都翻转一下就好
//该题可用前中后序,前序和后序是最好的,而中序要绕弯子,在表面上看是操作了两次左子树
//也可用层序遍历/*法一:层序遍历*/
class Solution {
public:TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL)return root;queue<TreeNode*>que;TreeNode* cur=root;que.push(cur);int size;while(!que.empty()){size=que.size();while(size--){cur=que.front();que.pop();swap(cur->left,cur->right);if(cur->left) que.push(cur->left);if(cur->right) que.push(cur->right);}}return root;}
};// /*法二:前序遍历(后续遍历只是把swap的操作换一下位置)*/
class Solution {
public:TreeNode* Swap(TreeNode* cur){if(cur==NULL)return cur;swap(cur->left,cur->right);Swap(cur->left);Swap(cur->right);return cur;}TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL)return root;Swap(root);return root;}
};/*法三:中序遍历*/
class Solution {
public:TreeNode* Swap(TreeNode* cur){if(cur==NULL)return cur;Swap(cur->left);swap(cur->left,cur->right);Swap(cur->left);/*left!!!!!!!*/return cur;}TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL)return root;Swap(root);return root;}
};
589. N 叉树的前序遍历
https://leetcode.cn/problems/n-ary-tree-preorder-traversal/
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;vector<Node*> children;Node() {}Node(int _val) {val = _val;}Node(int _val, vector<Node*> _children) {val = _val;children = _children;}
};
*/class Solution {
public:Node* traversal(Node* cur,vector<int>& result){if(cur==NULL)return cur;result.push_back(cur->val);int size=cur->children.size();for(int i=0;i<size;i++)traversal(cur->children[i],result);return cur;}vector<int> preorder(Node* root) {int size;vector<int>result;traversal(root,result);return result;}
};
590. N 叉树的后序遍历
https://leetcode.cn/problems/n-ary-tree-postorder-traversal/
/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
public:int val;vector<Node*> children;Node() {}Node(int _val) {val = _val;}Node(int _val, vector<Node*> _children) {val = _val;children = _children;}
};
*/class Solution {
public:Node* traversal(Node* cur,vector<int>& result){if(cur==NULL)return cur;int size=cur->children.size();for(int i=0;i<size;i++)traversal(cur->children[i],result);result.push_back(cur->val);return cur;}vector<int> postorder(Node* root) {int size;vector<int>result;traversal(root,result);return result;}
};
101. 对称二叉树
https://leetcode.cn/problems/symmetric-tree/
/*法一:递归法*//*两个关键点:
1.遍历顺序:后序,因为要把两个孩子的信息传给父节点才知道左右父节点的孩子一不一样---->要把两个孩子的信息传给父节点的题目都是用后序遍历
2.解题关键:要知道看是否对称是看右子树是不是左子树翻转过来的,左子树里侧 = 右子树里侧 左子树外侧 = 右子树外侧*/class Solution {
public:bool compare(TreeNode* left,TreeNode* right){/*注意是else if*/if(left==NULL&&right!=NULL) return false;else if(left!=NULL&&right==NULL) return false;else if(left==NULL&&right==NULL) return true;else if(left->val!=right->val) return false;else{bool inside = compare(left->right,right->left);//内侧bool outside = compare(left->left,right->right);//外侧bool result=inside&&outside;return result;}}bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL) return true;return compare(root->left,root->right);}
};/*迭代法(注意不是层序遍历)---->用 栈和队列 都可以,类似*///队列class Solution {
public:bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL) return true;queue<TreeNode*>que;TreeNode* cur = root;que.push(cur->left);que.push(cur->right);while(!que.empty()){TreeNode* leftNode = que.front();que.pop();TreeNode* rightNode = que.front();que.pop();if(leftNode==NULL&&rightNode==NULL) continue;//return true;else if(leftNode!=NULL&&rightNode==NULL) return false;else if(leftNode==NULL&&rightNode!=NULL) return false;else if(leftNode->val!=rightNode->val) return false;else{que.push(leftNode->left);//左子树的左孩子que.push(rightNode->right);//右子树的右孩子que.push(leftNode->right);//左子树的右孩子que.push(rightNode->left);//右子树的左孩子}}return true;}
};//栈:与队列出容器的顺序不同而已class Solution {
public:bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {if(root==NULL) return true;stack<TreeNode*>st;TreeNode* cur = root;st.push(cur->left);st.push(cur->right);while(!st.empty()){TreeNode* rightNode = st.top();//注意顺序st.pop();TreeNode* leftNode = st.top();st.pop();if(leftNode==NULL&&rightNode==NULL) continue;//return true;else if(leftNode!=NULL&&rightNode==NULL) return false;else if(leftNode==NULL&&rightNode!=NULL) return false;else if(leftNode->val!=rightNode->val) return false;else{st.push(leftNode->left);//左子树的左孩子st.push(rightNode->right);//右子树的右孩子st.push(leftNode->right);//左子树的右孩子st.push(rightNode->left);//右子树的左孩子}}return true;}
};