数据库备份，数据库为school，素材如下

1.创建student和score表

CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);创建score表。SQL代码如下：CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);

2.为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

3.备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school > /backup/school_db.sql

4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school --add-drop-table > /backup/school_db2.sql

5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school | gzip >/backup/school_db3.sql.gz

6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school student > /backup/student.sql

7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school city >
/backup/sch_ci_db.sql

8.仅仅备份数据库结构 

使用-d选项，没有数据就是相当于表结构
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -d school > /backup/desc_school.sql

9.备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases > /backup/all_db.sql

10.还原MySQL数据库

首先要删除数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "drop database school"
可以查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| city               |
| db1                |
| db32               |
| homework           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
此时已经没有
进行还原
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /backup/school_db.sql 
此时查看
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "show databases"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| city               |
| db1                |
| db32               |
| homework           |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| sys                |
| test               |
+--------------------+

11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库

先删除数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "drop database school"
进行还原
[root@localhost ~]# gunzip /backup/school_db3.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "create database school"

12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex --user-root --password=123456 --default-file=/etc/my.cnf --databases=school /backup/

13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份（缺）

14.使用mydumper备份数据库

 
[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p123456 -B school -o /backup/mydumper_sch.sql

15.使用mydumper恢复数据库

[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p123456 -d /backup/mydumper_sch.sql/ -o -B school