Node.js包管理工具之_GNVM

1. 官网

GNVM - Node.js version manager on Windows by Go (ksria.com)

GNVM 使用 Go 语言编写的 Node.js 多版本管理器

GNVM 是一个简单的 Node.js 多版本管理器，类似 nvm nvmw nodist 。

2. 安装与使用

1. 安装

1. 不存在 Node.js 环境

下载并解压缩 gnvm.exe 保存到任意文件夹，并将此文件夹加入到环境变量 Path。

2. 存在 Node.js 环境

下载并解压缩 gnvm.exe 保存到 Node.js 所在的文件夹。

2. gnmv基本使用

1. 查看所有命令及说明

C:\Users\23013>gnvm -h
Usage of gnvm:Usage:gnvm [flags]gnvm [command]Available Commands:config                    Setter and getter .gnvmrc fileuse                       Use any the local already exists of Node.js versionls                        Show all [local] [remote] Node.js versioninstall                   Install any Node.js versionuninstall                 Uninstall local Node.js version and npmupdate                    Update Node.js latest versionnpm                       NPM version managementsession                   Set any local Node.js version to session Node.js versionsearch                    Search and Print Node.js version detail usage wildcard mode or regexp modenode-version              Show [global] [latest] Node.js versionreg                       Add config property [noderoot] to Environment variable [NODE_HOME]version                   Print GNVM version numberhelp [command]            Help about any commandAvailable Flags:--help=false: help for gnvmUse "gnvm help [command]" for more information about that command.C:\Users\23013>

2. 安装指定的node版本

C:\Users\23013>gnvm install 20.11.0
Start download Node.js versions [20.11.0].
20.11.0: 98% [=================================================>_] 39s
--------
End download.

3. 查看所有已安装版本

C:\Users\23013>gnvm ls
Notice: gnvm.exe root is D:\devsoftware\nodejs\
v12.22.12
v14.19.1 -- x86
v14.21.3
v14.21.3 -- x86
v16.20.2
v18.16.0
v18.18.2
v18.19.0
v20.10.0 -- global
v20.10.0 -- x86
v20.11.0C:\Users\23013>

4. 使用全局默认版本

# 安装 20.11.0版本
C:\Users\23013>gnvm use 20.11.0
Set success, global Node.js version is 20.11.0.
# 查看版本
C:\Users\23013>node -v
v20.11.0C:\Users\23013>

5. 查看官网所有node与npm对应版本

命令gnvm search *.*.*

C:\Users\23013>gnvm search *.*.*
Search Node.js version rules [*.*.*] from http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/index.json, please wait.
+--------------------------------------------------+
| No.   date         node ver    exec      npm ver |
+--------------------------------------------------+1     2024-01-22   21.6.1      x86 x64   10.2.42     2024-01-14   21.6.0      x86 x64   10.2.43     2023-12-19   21.5.0      x86 x64   10.2.44     2023-12-05   21.4.0      x86 x64   10.2.45     2023-11-30   21.3.0      x86 x64   10.2.46     2023-11-14   21.2.0      x86 x64   10.2.37     2023-10-24   21.1.0      x86 x64   10.2.08     2023-10-17   21.0.0      x86 x64   10.2.09     2024-01-09   20.11.0     x86 x64   10.2.410    2023-11-22   20.10.0     x86 x64   10.2.311    2023-10-24   20.9.0      x86 x64   10.1.012    2023-10-13   20.8.1      x86 x64   10.1.013    2023-09-28   20.8.0      x86 x64   10.1.014    2023-09-18   20.7.0      x86 x64   10.1.015    2023-09-07   20.6.1      x86 x64   9.8.116    2023-08-23   20.6.0      x86 x64   9.8.117    2023-08-09   20.5.1      x86 x64   9.8.018    2023-07-19   20.5.0      x86 x64   9.8.019    2023-07-04   20.4.0      x86 x64   9.7.220    2023-06-20   20.3.1      x86 x64   9.6.721    2023-06-08   20.3.0      x86 x64   9.6.722    2023-05-16   20.2.0      x86 x64   9.6.623    2023-05-03   20.1.0      x86 x64   9.6.424    2023-04-17   20.0.0      x86 x64   9.6.425    2023-04-10   19.9.0      x86 x64   9.6.326    2023-03-15   19.8.1      x86 x64   9.5.127    2023-03-14   19.8.0      x86 x64   9.5.128    2023-02-21   19.7.0      x86 x64   9.5.029    2023-02-16   19.6.1      x86 x64   9.4.030    2023-02-01   19.6.0      x86 x64   9.4.031    2023-01-24   19.5.0      x86 x64   9.3.132    2023-01-05   19.4.0      x86 x64   9.2.033    2022-12-14   19.3.0      x86 x64   9.2.034    2022-11-29   19.2.0      x86 x64   8.19.335    2022-11-14   19.1.0      x86 x64   8.19.336    2022-11-04   19.0.1      x86 x64   8.19.237    2022-10-17   19.0.0      x86 x64   8.19.238    2023-11-29   18.19.0     x86 x64   10.2.339    2023-10-13   18.18.2     x86 x64   9.8.140    2023-10-10   18.18.1     x86 x64   9.8.141    2023-09-18   18.18.0     x86 x64   9.8.142    2023-08-08   18.17.1     x86 x64   9.6.743    2023-07-18   18.17.0     x86 x64   9.6.744    2023-06-20   18.16.1     x86 x64   9.5.145    2023-04-12   18.16.0     x86 x64   9.5.146    2023-03-05   18.15.0     x86 x64   9.5.047    2023-02-21   18.14.2     x86 x64   9.5.048    2023-02-16   18.14.1     x86 x64   9.3.149    2023-02-01   18.14.0     x86 x64   9.3.150    2023-01-05   18.13.0     x86 x64   8.19.351    2022-11-04   18.12.1     x86 x64   8.19.252    2022-10-25   18.12.0     x86 x64   8.19.253    2022-10-13   18.11.0     x86 x64   8.19.254    2022-09-28   18.10.0     x86 x64   8.19.255    2022-09-23   18.9.1      x86 x64   8.19.156    2022-09-07   18.9.0      x86 x64   8.19.157    2022-08-24   18.8.0      x86 x64   8.18.058    2022-07-26   18.7.0      x86 x64   8.15.059    2022-07-13   18.6.0      x86 x64   8.13.260    2022-07-06   18.5.0      x86 x64   8.12.161    2022-06-16   18.4.0      x86 x64   8.12.162    2022-06-02   18.3.0      x86 x64   8.11.063    2022-05-17   18.2.0      x86 x64   8.9.064    2022-05-03   18.1.0      x86 x64   8.8.065    2022-04-18   18.0.0      x86 x64   8.6.0................+--------------------------------------------------+

6. 查看指定前缀的node与npm对应版本

命令gnvm search 18.*.*

C:\Users\23013>gnvm search 18.*.*
Search Node.js version rules [18.*.*] from http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/index.json, please wait.
+--------------------------------------------------+
| No.   date         node ver    exec      npm ver |
+--------------------------------------------------+1     2023-11-29   18.19.0     x86 x64   10.2.32     2023-10-13   18.18.2     x86 x64   9.8.13     2023-10-10   18.18.1     x86 x64   9.8.14     2023-09-18   18.18.0     x86 x64   9.8.15     2023-08-08   18.17.1     x86 x64   9.6.76     2023-07-18   18.17.0     x86 x64   9.6.77     2023-06-20   18.16.1     x86 x64   9.5.18     2023-04-12   18.16.0     x86 x64   9.5.19     2023-03-05   18.15.0     x86 x64   9.5.010    2023-02-21   18.14.2     x86 x64   9.5.011    2023-02-16   18.14.1     x86 x64   9.3.112    2023-02-01   18.14.0     x86 x64   9.3.113    2023-01-05   18.13.0     x86 x64   8.19.314    2022-11-04   18.12.1     x86 x64   8.19.215    2022-10-25   18.12.0     x86 x64   8.19.216    2022-10-13   18.11.0     x86 x64   8.19.217    2022-09-28   18.10.0     x86 x64   8.19.218    2022-09-23   18.9.1      x86 x64   8.19.119    2022-09-07   18.9.0      x86 x64   8.19.120    2022-08-24   18.8.0      x86 x64   8.18.021    2022-07-26   18.7.0      x86 x64   8.15.022    2022-07-13   18.6.0      x86 x64   8.13.223    2022-07-06   18.5.0      x86 x64   8.12.124    2022-06-16   18.4.0      x86 x64   8.12.125    2022-06-02   18.3.0      x86 x64   8.11.026    2022-05-17   18.2.0      x86 x64   8.9.027    2022-05-03   18.1.0      x86 x64   8.8.028    2022-04-18   18.0.0      x86 x64   8.6.0
+--------------------------------------------------+

7. 查看给定体版本的node与npm对应版本

命令gnvm search 20.11.0

C:\Users\23013>gnvm search 20.11.0
Search Node.js version rules [20.11.0] from http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node/index.json, please wait.
+--------------------------------------------------+
| No.   date         node ver    exec      npm ver |
+--------------------------------------------------+1     2024-01-09   20.11.0     x86 x64   10.2.4
+--------------------------------------------------+C:\Users\23013>

3. gnvm管理npm高版本问题

1. gnvm 安装npm

C:\Users\23013>gnvm npm 10.2.3
Notice: local    npm version is 8.19.4
Notice: remote   npm version is 10.2.3
Notice: download 10.2.3 version [Y/n]? Y
Start download new npm version v10.2.3.zip
v10.2.3.zip: 100% [==================================================>] 25s
Start unzip and install v10.2.3.zip zip file, please wait.
Set success, current npm version is 10.2.3.

2. 安装后查看版本时报错

C:\Users\23013>npm -v
D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\es6\validate-engines.js:31throw err^Error: Cannot find module '@npmcli/config'
Require stack:
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\npm.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\cli-entry.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\cli.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.jsat Module._resolveFilename (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1144:15)at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:985:27)at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1235:19)at require (node:internal/modules/helpers:176:18)at Object.<anonymous> (D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\npm.js:2:16)at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1376:14)at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1435:10)at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1207:32)at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1023:12)at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1235:19) {code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',requireStack: ['D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\npm.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\cli-entry.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\cli.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\bin\\npm-cli.js']
}Node.js v20.10.0
D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\es6\validate-engines.js:31throw err^Error: Cannot find module '@npmcli/config'
Require stack:
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\npm.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\cli-entry.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\cli.js
- D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.jsat Module._resolveFilename (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1144:15)at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:985:27)at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1235:19)at require (node:internal/modules/helpers:176:18)at Object.<anonymous> (D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules\npm\lib\npm.js:2:16)at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1376:14)at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1435:10)at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1207:32)at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1023:12)at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1235:19) {code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND',requireStack: ['D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\npm.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\cli-entry.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\lib\\cli.js','D:\\devsoftware\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\bin\\npm-cli.js']
}Node.js v20.10.0

1. 问题原因分析

由于安装node版本与npm有差异，所以会出现这种错误

2. 解决方法

查阅了多种处理方法，npm install都无法使用，最终解决方式是下载指定版本的nodejs归档包，并拷贝里面的npm整个目录覆盖到本地解决

1. 下载归档zip包，如 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v20.10.0/node-v20.10.0-win-x64.zip

2. 找到本地的node安装目录，如：D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules，并将D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules中的npm目录删掉

3. 从新下载的nodejs归档包中拷贝npm到本地对应的目录，如拷贝到D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules
   法，npm install都无法使用，最终解决方式是下载指定版本的nodejs归档包，并拷贝里面的npm整个目录覆盖到本地解决

4. 下载归档zip包，如 https://nodejs.org/download/release/v20.10.0/node-v20.10.0-win-x64.zip

5. 找到本地的node安装目录，如：D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules，并将D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules中的npm目录删掉

6. 从新下载的nodejs归档包中拷贝npm到本地对应的目录，如拷贝到D:\devsoftware\nodejs\node_modules