Netty是一个以事件驱动的异步通信网络框架,可以帮助我们实现多种协议的客户端和服务端通信,话不多说,上代码,需要引入下方依赖
<dependency><groupId>io.netty</groupId><artifactId>netty-all</artifactId><version>4.1.42.Final</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.msgpack</groupId><artifactId>msgpack</artifactId><version>0.6.12</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.slf4j</groupId><artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId><version>1.7.30</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId><artifactId>logback-core</artifactId><version>1.2.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.itextpdf</groupId><artifactId>itextpdf</artifactId><version>5.5.8</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId><artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId><version>1.49</version><type>jar</type><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId><artifactId>bcpkix-jdk15on</artifactId><version>1.49</version><type>jar</type><scope>compile</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency>
1.Server
package http;import constant.Constant;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContextBuilder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.util.SelfSignedCertificate;import java.security.cert.CertificateException;public class HttpServer {// 通过nio方式来接收连接和处理连接private static EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();// 服务端引导类private static ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();// 是否开启SSL模式public static final boolean SSL = false;// Netty创建全部都是实现自AbstractBootstrap,客户端的是Bootstrap,服务端的则是ServerBootstrappublic static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {final SslContext sslContext;if (SSL) {SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate();sslContext = SslContextBuilder.forServer(ssc.certificate(),ssc.privateKey()).build();} else {sslContext = null;}try {b.group(group).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 设置过滤器.childHandler(new ServerHandlerInit(sslContext));// 异步进行绑定ChannelFuture f = b.bind(Constant.DEFAULT_PORT);// 给ChannelFuture 增加监听器f.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {@Overridepublic void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {System.out.println("绑定端口已成功....");}});System.out.println("服务端启动成功,端口是:" + Constant.DEFAULT_PORT);System.out.println("服务器启动模式: " + (SSL ? "SSL安全模式" : "普通模式"));// 监听服务器关闭监听ChannelFuture closeFuture = f.channel().closeFuture().sync();closeFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {@Overridepublic void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {System.out.println("服务器已经关闭....");}});} finally {// 关闭EventLoopGroup,释放掉所有资源,包括创建的线程group.shutdownGracefully();}}
}
package http;import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContentCompressor;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;public class ServerHandlerInit extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {private final SslContext sslContext;public ServerHandlerInit(SslContext sslContext) {this.sslContext = sslContext;}@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();if (sslContext != null) {pipeline.addLast(sslContext.newHandler(ch.alloc()));}// pipeline中的handler可以自定义名称方便排查问题// 把应答报文 编码pipeline.addLast("encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());// 把请求报文 解码pipeline.addLast("decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());// 聚合http为一个完整的报文pipeline.addLast("aggregator",new HttpObjectAggregator(10*1024*1024));// 把应答报文压缩pipeline.addLast("compressor", new HttpContentCompressor());pipeline.addLast(new BusinessHandler());}
}
2.业务处理类
package http;import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;public class BusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {String result = "";FullHttpRequest httpRequest = (FullHttpRequest)msg;System.out.println(httpRequest.headers());try {// 获取路径String path = httpRequest.uri();// 获取bodyString body = httpRequest.content().toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);// 获取请求方法HttpMethod method = httpRequest.method();System.out.println("接收到 " + method + "请求");// 如果不是这个路径,就直接返回错误if (!"/test".equalsIgnoreCase(path)) {result = "非法请求!" + path;send(ctx,result, HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST);return;}// 如果是GET请求if (HttpMethod.GET.equals(method)) {// 接收到的消息,做业务处理...System.out.println("body :" + body);result = "GET请求,应答:" + RespConstant.getNews();send(ctx, result, HttpResponseStatus.OK);return ;}// 如果是其他类型请求,如postif (HttpMethod.POST.equals(method)) {// 接收到的消息,做业务逻辑处理// ....// return;}} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("处理请求失败!");e.printStackTrace();} finally {// 释放请求httpRequest.release();}}private void send(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String context,HttpResponseStatus status) {FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,status, Unpooled.copiedBuffer(context, CharsetUtil.UTF_8));response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);}// 建立连接时,返回消息@Overridepublic void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {System.out.println("连接的客户端地址 :" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
// super.channelActive(ctx);}
}
3.Client
package http;import constant.Constant;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpClientCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContentDecompressor;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;public class HttpClient {public static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {if (HttpServer.SSL) {System.out.println("服务器处于SSL模式,客户端不支持,推出");return ;}HttpClient client = new HttpClient();client.connect(Constant.DEFAULT_SERVER_IP, Constant.DEFAULT_PORT);}public void connect(String host, int port) throws InterruptedException {EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();try {Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();b.group(workerGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {@Overrideprotected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientCodec());// 聚合Http为一个完整的报文ch.pipeline().addLast("aggregator",new HttpObjectAggregator(10 * 1024 * 1024));// 解压缩ch.pipeline().addLast("decompressor", new HttpContentDecompressor());ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpClientInboundHandler());}});// start ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();f.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {@Overridepublic void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {System.out.println("连接成功....");}});ChannelFuture closeFuture = f.channel().closeFuture().sync();closeFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {@Overridepublic void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {System.out.println("关闭成功...");}});} finally {workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();}}}
package http;import constant.Constant;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;import java.net.URI;public class HttpClientInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {@Overridepublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {FullHttpResponse httpResponse = (FullHttpResponse) msg;System.out.println(httpResponse.status());System.out.println(httpResponse.headers());ByteBuf buf = httpResponse.content();System.out.println(buf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));httpResponse.release();}@Overridepublic void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {System.out.println("channelActive.......");URI uri = new URI("/test");String msg = "Hello";DefaultFullHttpRequest request =new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,HttpMethod.GET,uri.toASCIIString(),Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes("UTF-8")));// 构建http请求request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, Constant.DEFAULT_SERVER_IP);request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes());// 发送http请求ctx.writeAndFlush(request);// super.channelActive(ctx);}@Overridepublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {cause.printStackTrace();ctx.close();
// super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);}
}
package http;import java.util.Random;public class RespConstant {private static final String[] NEWS = {"她那时候还太年轻,不知道所有命运赠送的礼物,早已在暗中标好了价格。——斯蒂芬·茨威格《断头皇后》","这是一个最好的时代,也是一个最坏的时代;这是一个智慧的年代,这是一个愚蠢的年代;\n" +"这是一个信任的时期,这是一个怀疑的时期;这是一个光明的季节,这是一个黑暗的季节;\n" +"这是希望之春,这是失望之冬;人们面前应有尽有,人们面前一无所有;\n" +"人们正踏上天堂之路,人们正走向地狱之门。 —— 狄更斯《双城记》",};private static final Random R = new Random();public static String getNews() {return NEWS[R.nextInt(NEWS.length)];}
}
package constant;import java.util.Date;/*** 常量*/
public class Constant {public static final Integer DEFAULT_PORT = 7777;public static final String DEFAULT_SERVER_IP= "127.0.0.1";// 根据输入信息拼接出一个应答信息public static String response(String msg) {return "Hello, " + msg + ", Now is" + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString(); }
}
4.总结分析
如果你想实现http请求,需要把HttpServer中的SSL置为false,结果如下
如果你想实现Https的请求,则将SSL的变量置为true,目前的代码中是没有支持客户端的SSL请求的,我们可以在postman或者chrome浏览器中查看
https://localhost:7777/test
由于我们的证书是自己设置的,所以chrome浏览器认为这个证书不是有效的,需要我们手动点击
IDEA中会出现红色证书错误,暂时可以不用管,你还可以在postman的GET请求中添加body
到此http的简易服务器就搭建好了,如果你的程序出现了以下错误,请检查开头的pom配置是否下载成功,这是由于证书有问题才报的错