任务目标

基于给定数据集，进行数据预处理，搭建以LSTM为基本单元的模型，以Adam优化器对模型进行训练，使用训练后的模型进行预测并计算预测分类的准确率。

数据简介

IMDB数据集是一个对电影评论标注为正向评论与负向评论的数据集，共有25000条文本数据作为训练集，25000条文本数据作为测试集。

已知数据集中数据格式如下

1、读取数据

2、数据预处理

首先，对于创建词汇表，记录每一个单词出现的频率，并由此将特征数据集转为特征向量。最后转化为tensor格式

由于数据量庞大，这里先用PCA将数据降维，这里选择降到20个维度

将特征数据集和标签进行匹配，并每两个数据作为一个批次，全部数据进行随机的打乱

模型构建

这里采用pytorch中的LSTM来得到LSTM层的状态

LSTM层总共设置4层，传入初始隐藏状态的细胞内容和输入内容。最后取得最后的时间步的输出

模型训练

损失函数选择均方误差函数，优化器选择了Adam优化，总共训练4个epoch

损失值变化图像

绘制出损失值的变化图像

模型评估

将测试集的内容导入并做和训练集一样的预处理，然后将测试集放入模型中，将均方误差作为评价标准，计算平均误差。

并绘制出误差图像

误差都在0.003到0.005之间，说明模型能够正确预测情感。

完整代码

 
import gzip
import pandas as pd
from io import StringIO
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optimfeat_file_path = 'labeledBow.feat'with open(feat_file_path, 'r') as file:lines = file.readlines()  # 逐行读取文件内容# 显示部分文件内容（可根据需要调整）
# for line in lines[990:1000]:  # 显示前10行内容
#     print(line)# In[2]:labels = []
features = []for line in lines:parts = line.split(' ')labels.append(int(parts[0]))feats = {}for part in parts[1:]:index, value = part.split(':')feats[int(index)] = float(value)features.append(feats)# In[3]:# 1. 创建词汇表
vocab = {}
for feat_dict in features:vocab.update(feat_dict)# 创建特征索引到新的连续索引的映射
feature_idx = {feat: idx for idx, feat in enumerate(sorted(vocab.keys()))}# 2. 创建特征向量
max_features = len(vocab)
feature_vectors = []
for feat_dict in features:# 初始化特征向量vector = [0.0] * max_features# 填充特征向量for feat_idx, feat_value in feat_dict.items():vector[feature_idx[feat_idx]] = feat_valuefeature_vectors.append(vector)# 3. 转换为张量
features_tensor = torch.tensor(feature_vectors, dtype=torch.float32)# 检查张量形状
print(features_tensor.shape)# In[4]:from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
import torch# features_tensor 是特征张量，大小为 torch.Size([25000, 89527])
# 这里将其转换为 NumPy 数组
features_np = features_tensor.numpy()# 初始化PCA，选择需要降维的维度，这里假设降到100维
pca = PCA(n_components=20)# 用PCA拟合数据
features_reduced = pca.fit_transform(features_np)# 将降维后的数据转换回张量形式
features_reduced_tensor = torch.tensor(features_reduced)# 打印降维后的数据大小
print(features_reduced_tensor.size())# In[5]:import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDatasetlabels_tensor = torch.tensor(labels, dtype=torch.float32)
features_reduced = features_reduced_tensor.unsqueeze(1) 
labels_t = labels_tensor.unsqueeze(1) train_data = TensorDataset(features_reduced, labels_t)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=2, shuffle=True)class LSTMModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size, num_layers=4):super(LSTMModel, self).__init__()self.hidden_size = hidden_sizeself.num_layers = num_layersself.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True)self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size)def forward(self, x):h0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(x.device)c0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(x.device)out, _ = self.lstm(x, (h0, c0))out = self.fc(out[:, -1, :])  # 取最后一个时间步的输出return out# 定义模型参数
input_size = 20
hidden_size = 128
num_layers = 4
output_size = 1# 初始化模型、损失函数和优化器
model = LSTMModel(input_size, hidden_size, output_size, num_layers)
criterion = nn.MSELoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.0001)
losses = []  # 存储损失值
# 训练模型
num_epochs = 5
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model.to(device)for epoch in range(num_epochs):for i, (inputs, targets) in enumerate(train_loader):inputs, targets = inputs.to(device), targets.to(device)optimizer.zero_grad()outputs = model(inputs)loss = criterion(outputs.squeeze(), targets.squeeze())loss.backward()optimizer.step()losses.append(loss.item())  # 记录损失值if (i+1) % 2 == 0:print(f'Epoch [{epoch+1}/{num_epochs}], Step [{i+1}/{len(train_loader)}], Loss: {loss.item()}')# In[6]:import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDataset
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 绘制损失值变化图
plt.plot(losses, label='Training Loss')
plt.xlabel('Training Steps')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.title('Training Loss over Steps')
plt.legend()
plt.show()# In[7]:feat_file_path = 'labeledBow_test.feat'with open(feat_file_path, 'r') as file:lines = file.readlines()  # 逐行读取文件内容labels_test = []
features_test = []for line in lines:parts = line.split(' ')labels_test.append(int(parts[0]))feats = {}for part in parts[1:]:index, value = part.split(':')feats[int(index)] = float(value)features_test.append(feats)# In[8]:# 1. 创建词汇表
vocab = {}
for feat_dict in features_test:vocab.update(feat_dict)# 创建特征索引到新的连续索引的映射
feature_idx = {feat: idx for idx, feat in enumerate(sorted(vocab.keys()))}# 2. 创建特征向量
max_features = len(vocab)
feature_vectors = []
for feat_dict in features_test:# 初始化特征向量vector = [0.0] * max_features# 填充特征向量for feat_idx, feat_value in feat_dict.items():vector[feature_idx[feat_idx]] = feat_valuefeature_vectors.append(vector)# 3. 转换为张量
features_tensor = torch.tensor(feature_vectors, dtype=torch.float32)# 检查张量形状
print(features_tensor.shape)# In[9]:from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
import torch# features_tensor 是特征张量，大小为 torch.Size([25000, 89527])
# 这里将其转换为 NumPy 数组
features_np = features_tensor.numpy()# 初始化PCA，选择需要降维的维度，这里假设降到100维
pca = PCA(n_components=20)# 用PCA拟合数据
features_reduced = pca.fit_transform(features_np)# 将降维后的数据转换回张量形式
features_reduced_tensor = torch.tensor(features_reduced)# 打印降维后的数据大小
print(features_reduced_tensor.size())# In[14]:from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, TensorDatasetlabels_tensor = torch.tensor(labels_test, dtype=torch.float32)
features_reduced = features_reduced_tensor.unsqueeze(1) 
labels_t = labels_tensor.unsqueeze(1) train_data = TensorDataset(features_reduced, labels_t)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=2, shuffle=True)losses = []for epoch in range(num_epochs):for i, (inputs, targets) in enumerate(train_loader):inputs, targets = inputs.to(device), targets.to(device)outputs = model(inputs)loss = criterion(outputs.squeeze(), targets.squeeze())losses.append(loss.item()/len(train_loader))if (i+1) % 2 == 0:print(f'Epoch [{epoch+1}/{num_epochs}], Step [{i+1}/{len(train_loader)}], Loss: {loss.item()/len(train_loader)}')# In[15]:plt.plot(losses, label='Training Loss')
plt.xlabel('Training Steps')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.title('Training Loss over Steps')
plt.legend()
plt.show()