Django 8 通用视图基础

1. 什么是通用视图

1. 在terminal 输入 django-admin startapp the_12回车

2. tutorial\settings.py 注册

INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles',"the_3","the_5","the_6","the_7","the_8","the_9","the_10","the_12",
]

3. tutorial\urls.py

urlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('the_3/', include('the_3.urls')),path('the_4/', include('the_4.urls')),path('the_5/', include('the_5.urls')),path('the_7/', include('the_7.urls')),path('the_10/', include('the_10.urls')),path('the_12/', include('the_12.urls')),
]

4. the_12\views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View# Create your views here.class Chello(View):def get(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})def post(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})

5. the_12\urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import Chellourlpatterns = [path('index/', Chello.as_view()),
]

6. 运行tutorial, 点击http://127.0.0.1:8000/，地址栏 127.0.0.1:8000/the_12/index/ 刷新

7. 回到the_12\urls.py, 看as_view的源码（ctrl + 点鼠标左键）

2.使用通用视图的tips

提供了什么功能
数据从哪里来
提供了哪些模板变量
渲染的模板页

3.ListView 的使用

如何自定义获取到的列表对象的名字
如何确定渲染的模板名字
如何分页展示

1. the_12\models.py

from django.db import models# Create your models here.class SomeThing(models.Model):msg = models.CharField(max_length=200)is_delete = models.BooleanField()

2. 迁移， terminal 输入 python .\manage.py makemigrations回车

Migrations for 'the_12':
the_12\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model SomeThing

3. terminal 输入 python .\manage.py migrate回车

Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, the_10, the_12, the_6, the_8, the_9
Running migrations:
Applying the_12.0001_initial... OK

4. the_12\admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from the_12.models import SomeThing# Register your models here.admin.site.register(SomeThing)

5. 浏览器 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin在SomeThing添加5条数据

6. the_12\views.py 添加以下代码

class MyListView(ListView):pass

7. the_12\urls.py

from django.urls import path
from .views import Chello,MyListViewurlpatterns = [path('index/', Chello.as_view()),# path 的第二个参数应该是一个函数，as_view就是把Chello这个类变成函数path('mylist/', MyListView.as_view()),
]

8. 浏览器 ImproperlyConfigured at /the_12/mylist/

9. the_12\views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView
from .models import SomeThing# Create your views here.class Chello(View):def get(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})def post(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})class MyListView(ListView):model = SomeThing

10. 刷新网页

11. 在templates创建the_12文件夹，再在新创建的the_12文件夹内创建一个something_list。html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>这是something_list的页面</h1>
</body>
</html>

12. 刷新网页

13. templates\the_12\something_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>这是something_list的页面</h1><ul>{% for i in object_list %}<li>{{ i.msg }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>
</body>
</html>

14. 刷新网页

15. 总结

"""
提供了什么功能以列表的形式展示数据的功能
数据从哪里来数据从数据库中查询得来的modelquerysetget_queryset
提供了哪些模板变量object_list自定义 : context_object_namesomething_list
渲染的模板页默认模型名的小写_list.html自定义:template_name
"""

the_12\views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView
from .models import SomeThing# Create your views here.class Chello(View):def get(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})def post(self,request):return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})class MyListView(ListView):# model = SomeThing# queryset = SomeThing.objects.all()def get_queryset(self):queryset = SomeThing.objects.filter(is_delete=0)return querysetcontext_object_name = 'panda'template_name = 'the_12/huahua.html'

templates\the_12\something_list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>这是something_list的页面</h1><ul>{% for i in object_list %}<li>{{ i.msg }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>
</body>
</html>

templates\the_12\huahua.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>这是huahua的页面</h1><ul>{% for i in object_list %}<li>{{ i.msg }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>
</body>
</html>

16. 分页操作， the_12\views.py

class MyListView(ListView):paginate_by = 2

templates\the_12\huahua.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title>
</head>
<body><h1>这是huahua的页面</h1><ul>{% for i in object_list %}<li>{{ i.msg }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% for page in paginator %}<a href="">{{ page.number }}</a>{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

刷新网页

17. the_12\urls.py, 做以下更改

path('mylist/', MyListView.as_view(),name='something')

18. templates\the_12\huahua.html

{% for page in paginator %}<a href="{% url 'something' %}">{{ page.number }}</a>{% endfor %}

相当于 templates\the_12\huahua.html

{% for page in paginator %}<a href="{% url 'something' %}?page={{ page.number }}">{{ page.number }}</a>
{% endfor %}

19. 源码分析

class MyListView(ListView):

class ListView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseListView):

class MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin(TemplateResponseMixin):

the_12/something_list.html

自定义了模板名，供程序使用

class TemplateResponseMixin:

主要的作用是找到模板的名字，然后渲染上下文数据

class BaseListView(MultipleObjectMixin, View):

重写了get方法

class MultipleObjectMixin(ContextMixin):

        queryset = Nonemodel = Nonepaginate_by = Nonepaginate_orphans = 0context_object_name = None

4.常见通用视图可自定义属性

本文来自互联网用户投稿，该文观点仅代表作者本人，不代表本站立场。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如若转载，请注明出处：http://www.mzph.cn/news/597330.shtml

如若内容造成侵权/违法违规/事实不符，请联系多彩编程网进行投诉反馈email:809451989@qq.com，一经查实，立即删除！