1、结构体的定义和使用
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct Student {string name;int age;int score; }s3;int main() {//1、struct Student s1;s1.name = "张三";s1.age = 18;s1.score = 100;cout << "姓名:" << s1.name << " 年龄:" << s1.age << " 分数:" << s1.score << endl;//2、struct Student s2 = { "李四",19,80 };cout << "姓名:" << s2.name << " 年龄:" << s2.age << " 分数:" << s2.score << endl;//3、s3.name = "王五";s3.age = 20;s3.score = 60;cout << "姓名:" << s3.name << " 年龄:" << s3.age << " 分数:" << s3.score << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
结构体变量创建的时候 struct可以省略
2、结构体数组
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct Student {string name;int age;int score; }s3;int main() {struct Student stuArray[3] = {{"张三",18,100},{"李四",28,99},{"王五",38,66}};stuArray[2].name = "赵六";stuArray[2].age = 80;stuArray[2].score = 60;for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {cout << stuArray[i].name <<" "<< stuArray[i].age <<" "<< stuArray[i].score << " "<<endl;}system("pause");return 0; }
3、结构体指针
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct Student {string name;int age;int score; };int main() {struct Student s = { "张三",18,100 };struct Student* p = &s;cout << "姓名:" << p->name << " 年龄:" << p->age << " 成绩:" << p->score << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
4、结构体嵌套结构体
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct student {string name;int age;int score; };struct teacher {int id;string name;int age;struct student stu; };int main() {teacher t;t.id = 10000;t.name = "老王";t.age = 50;t.stu.name = "小王";t.stu.age = 20;t.stu.score = 60;cout << "老师姓名:" << t.name << " 老师编号:" << t.id << " 老师年龄:" << t.age<< " 老师辅导的学生姓名:" << t.stu.name << " 学生年龄:" << t.stu.age << " 学生成绩:" << t.stu.score << endl;system("pause");return 0; }
5、结构体做函数参数
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct student {string name;int age;int score; };void printfStudent1(struct student s) {cout << "在子函数中打印 姓名:" << s.name << " 年龄:" << s.age << " 分数:" << s.score << endl;}void printfStudent2(struct student* p) {cout << "子函数2中 姓名:" << p->name << " 年龄:" << p->age << " 分数:" << p->score << endl; }int main() {struct student s;s.name = "张三";s.age = 20;s.score = 85;//cout << "main函数中打印 姓名:" << s.name << " 年龄:" << s.age << " 分数:" << s.score << endl;//printfStudent1(s);printfStudent2(&s);system("pause");return 0; }
6、结构体中const的使用
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct student {string name;int age;int score; };void printfStudent(const student *s) {//s->age = 150;加入const之后,一旦有修改的操作就会报错,可以防止误操作cout << "姓名:" << s->name << " 年龄:" << s->age << " 分数:" << s->score << endl; }int main() {struct student s;s.name = "张三";s.age = 15;s.score = 70;printfStudent(&s);system("pause");return 0; }
7、案例一
案例描述:
学校正在做毕设项目,每名老师带领5个学生,总共有3名老师,需求如下设计学生和老师的结构体,其中在老师的结构体中,有老师姓名和一个存放5名学生的数组作为成员。学生的成员有姓名、考试分数,创建数组存放3名老师,通过函数给每个老师及所带的学生赋值,最终打印出老师数据以及老师所带的学生数据。
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string> #include <ctime>struct student {string sName;int score; };struct Teacher {string tName;struct student sArray[5]; };void allocatSpace(struct Teacher tArray[],int len) {string nameSeed = "ABCDE";for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {tArray[i].tName = "Teacher_";tArray[i].tName += nameSeed[i];for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {tArray[i].sArray[j].sName = "Student_";tArray[i].sArray[j].sName += nameSeed[j];int random = rand() % 61+40;//40`100tArray[i].sArray[j].score = random;}} }void printfInfo(struct Teacher tArray[], int len) {for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {cout << "老师的姓名:" << tArray[i].tName << endl;for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {cout << "\t学生的姓名:" << tArray[i].sArray[j].sName <<" 考试分数:" << tArray[i].sArray[j].score << endl;}} }int main() {srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));Teacher tArray[3];int len = sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(tArray[0]);allocatSpace(tArray, len);printfInfo(tArray,len);system("pause");return 0; }
8、案例二
案例描述:
设计一个英雄的结构体,包括成员姓名,年龄,性别;创建结构体数组,数组中存放5名英雄。
通过冒泡排序的算法,将数组中的英雄按照年龄进行升序排序,最终打印排序后的结果。#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <string>struct Hero {string name;int age;string sex; };void bubbleSort(struct Hero heroArray[], int len) {for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {for (int j = 0; j < len - i - 1; j++) {if (heroArray[j].age > heroArray[j + 1].age) {struct Hero temp = heroArray[j];heroArray[j] = heroArray[j + 1];heroArray[j + 1] = temp;}}} }void printfHero(struct Hero heroArray[], int len) {for (int i= 0; i < len; i++) {cout << "姓名:" << heroArray[i].name << " 年龄:" << heroArray[i].age<< " 性别:" << heroArray[i].sex << endl;} }int main() {struct Hero heroArray[5] ={{"刘备",23,"男"},{"关羽",22,"男"},{"张飞",20,"男"},{"赵云",21,"男"},{"貂蝉",19,"女"},};int len = sizeof(heroArray) / sizeof(heroArray[0]);bubbleSort(heroArray, len);printfHero(heroArray, len);system("pause");return 0; }