python使用 flask+vue 制作前后端分离图书信息管理系统

目录标题

- - 前言
  - 制作前后端分离图书信息管理系统的思路：
  - 素材+代码
  - - 效果展示
  - 后端部分
  - 接口部分
  - 前端部分
  - 尾语

前言

嗨喽~大家好呀，这里是魔王呐 ❤ ~!

哈喽兄弟们，今天咱们来用Python实现一个前后端分离的图书信息管理系统。

制作前后端分离图书信息管理系统的思路：

1、前端部分

首先，我们可以使用 VueJS 作为前端框架，并通过 Vue CLI 工具进行创建和管理项目。

2、后端部分

后端部分我们可以采用 Python Flask 框架,这个框架是一个轻量级的Web框架，十分适合快速开发API接口。

3、前端和后端交互

前后端的交互可以采用 Restful API 设计的方式进行，例如创建一个图书列表接口，前端只需要发送一个 GET 请求给后端，后端通过查询数据库，返回 JSON 格式的数据给前端。

4、数据库

为了方便管理图书信息，我们可以使用关系型数据库 MySQL 存储和管理相关数据。

5、部署

可以使用 Docker 将前后端应用部署在同一个容器内，或者使用 CI/CD 工具将前后端应用分别部署在不同的服务器上。

总的来说，通过使用以上技术栈，我们就可以实现一个前后端分离的图书信息管理系统。

素材+代码

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效果展示

后端部分

flask: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.1.x/

flask-sqlalchemy: https://flask-sqlalchemy.palletsprojects.com/en/2.x/

flask-cors: https://flask-cors.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

flask 快速上手

from flask import Flask, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def hello_world(): # put application's code here
return 'Welcome Books!'

数据库部分

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from extension import db
class Book(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'book'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
book_number = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
book_name = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
book_type = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
book_prize = db.Column(db.Float, nullable=False)
author = db.Column(db.String(255))
book_publisher = db.Column(db.String(255))
@staticmethod
def init_db():
rets = [
(1, '001', '活着', '小说', 39.9, '余华', '某某出版社'),
(2, '002', '三体', '科幻', 99.8, '刘慈欣', '重庆出版社')
]
for ret in rets:
book = Book()
book.id = ret[0]
book.book_number = ret[1]
book.book_name = ret[2]
book.book_type = ret[3]
book.book_prize = ret[4]
book.author = ret[5]
book.book_publisher = ret[6]
db.session.add(book)
db.session.commit()

使用之前需要 flask create 初始化一下数据、

接口部分

RESTful API 最佳实践(阮一峰) : https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2018/10/restful-api-best-practice
s.html

Method Views for APIs: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.1.x/views/#method-views-for-apis

from flask import Flask, request
from flask_cors import CORS
from flask.views import MethodView
from extension import db
from models import Book
app = Flask(__name__)
CORS().init_app(app)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///books.sqlite'
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app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db.init_app(app)
@app.cli.command()
def create():
db.drop_all()
db.create_all()
Book.init_db()
@app.route('/')
def hello_world(): # put application's code here
return 'Welcome Books!'
class BookApi(MethodView):
def get(self, book_id):
if not book_id:
books: [Book] = Book.query.all()
results = [
{
'id': book.id,
'book_name': book.book_name,
'book_type': book.book_type,
'book_prize': book.book_prize,
'book_number': book.book_number,
'book_publisher': book.book_publisher,
'author': book.author,
} for book in books
]
return {
'status': 'success',
'message': '数据查询成功',
'results': results
}
book: Book = Book.query.get(book_id)
return {
'status': 'success',
'message': '数据查询成功',
'result': {
'id': book.id,
'book_name': book.book_name,
'book_type': book.book_type,
'book_prize': book.book_prize,
'book_number': book.book_number,
'book_publisher': book.book_publisher,
'author': book.author,
}
}
def post(self):
form = request.json
book = Book()
book.book_number = form.get('book_number')
book.book_name = form.get('book_name')
book.book_type = form.get('book_type')
book.book_prize = form.get('book_prize')
book.author = form.get('author')
book.book_publisher = form.get('book_publisher')
db.session.add(book)
db.session.commit()
# id, book_number, book_name, book_type, book_prize, author,
book_publisher
return {
'status': 'success',
'message': '数据添加成功'
}
def delete(self, book_id):
book = Book.query.get(book_id)
db.session.delete(book)
db.session.commit()
return {
'status': 'success',
'message': '数据删除成功'
}
def put(self, book_id):
book: Book = Book.query.get(book_id)
book.book_type = request.json.get('book_type')
book.book_name = request.json.get('book_name')
book.book_prize = request.json.get('book_prize')
book.book_number = request.json.get('book_number')
book.book_publisher = request.json.get('book_type')
book.author = request.json.get('book_type')
db.session.commit()
return {
'status': 'success',
'message': '数据修改成功'
}
book_api = BookApi.as_view('book_api')
app.add_url_rule('/books', view_func=book_api, methods=['GET', ], defaults=
{'book_id': None})
app.add_url_rule('/books', view_func=book_api, methods=['POST', ])
app.add_url_rule('/books/<int:book_id>', view_func=book_api, methods=['GET',
'PUT', 'DELETE'])

前端部分

vite: https://vitejs.cn/

vue3: https://v3.cn.vuejs.org/

Element Plus: https://element-plus.gitee.io/zh-CN/

axios: https://axios-http.com/docs/intro

项目创建

C:\Users\xxp\Desktop>npm init vite@latest
√ Project name: ... book-fontend
√ Select a framework: » vue
√ Select a variant: » vue
Scaffolding project in C:\Users\xxp\Desktop\book-fontend...
Done. Now run:
cd book-fontend
npm install
npm run dev

项目初始化

npm install element-plus
npm install axios

初始化 element-plus

import {createApp} from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import ElementPlus from 'element-plus'
import 'element-plus/dist/index.css'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(ElementPlus)
app.mount('#app')

页面创建

表单数据显示

<template>
<div style="margin: 0 auto;width: 50%;">
<h1 style="text-align: center">图书管理系统</h1>
<!-- 添加图书按钮 -->
<el-button type="primary" @click="add_dialog_visible = true" size="small">添
加图书</el-button>
<!-- 数据表格 -->
<el-table :data="books" style="margin: 20px auto;">
<el-table-column label="编号" prop="book_number"/>
<el-table-column label="书名" prop="book_name"/>
<el-table-column label="类型" prop="book_type"/>
<el-table-column label="价格" prop="book_prize"/>
<el-table-column label="作者" prop="author"/>
<el-table-column label="出版社" prop="book_publisher"/>
<el-table-column align="right" label="操作" width="200px">
<template #default="scope">
<el-button size="small" @click="handleEdit(scope.$index, scope.row)">
编辑
</el-button>
<el-button
size="small"
type="danger"
@click="handleDelete(scope.$index, scope.row)"
>
删除
</el-button
>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import axios from 'axios'
import {reactive, ref, onMounted} from "vue";
import {ElMessageBox} from 'element-plus'
const books = reactive([])
const getStudents = () => {
axios.get("http://localhost:5000/books",).then(res => {
books.splice(0, books.length)
books.push(...res.data.results)
console.log('更新数据')
})
}
// 页面渲染之后添加数据
onMounted(() => {
getStudents()
})
// 删除数据
const handleDelete = (index, scope) => {
axios.delete(`http://localhost:5000/books/${scope.id}`).then(() => {
getStudents()
})
}
</script>

添加数据

html表单

<!-- 添加图书页面 -->
<el-dialog
title="添加图书"
v-model="add_dialog_visible"
width="30%"
:before-close="handleClose"
>
<el-form
ref="ruleFormRef"
:model="book_form"
status-icon
label-width="120px"
class="demo-ruleForm"
>
<el-form-item label="编号" prop="book_number">
<el-input v-model="book_form.book_number" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="书名" prop="book_name">
<el-input v-model="book_form.book_name" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="类型" prop="book_type">
<el-input v-model="book_form.book_type" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="价格" prop="book_prize">
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<el-input v-model.number="book_form.book_prize" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="作者" prop="author">
<el-input v-model="book_form.author" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="出版社" prop="book_publisher">
<el-input v-model="book_form.book_publisher" autocomplete="off"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm(ruleFormRef)">提交</elbutton>
<el-button @click="resetForm(ruleFormRef)">重置</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
</el-dialog>

JavaScript

/*表单添加*/
const add_dialog_visible = ref(false)
const ruleFormRef = ref()
const book_form = reactive({
book_number: "",
book_name: "",
book_type: "",
book_prize: "",
author: "",
book_publisher: "",
id: "",
})
// 表单提交事件
const submitForm = (formEl) => {
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axios.post('http://localhost:5000/books', book_form).then(() => {
add_dialog_visible.value = false
formEl.resetFields()
getStudents()
})
}
// 重置表单
const resetForm = (formEl) => {
formEl.resetFields()
}
// 关闭弹窗前确认
const handleClose = (done) => {
ElMessageBox.confirm('确认关闭？')
.then(() => {
done();
})
.catch(() => {
});
}