引言
使用Condition实现生产者-消费者模型,并与wait和notify实现的效果相对比。
wait/notify模拟生产者-消费者
面试题:写一个固定容量同步容器,拥有put和get方法,以及getCount方法能够支持2个生产线程以及10个消费者线程的阻塞调用。
在《Effective Java》一书中提到:wait()方法()绝大多数情况下都是和while一起使用的。这是因为,当wait()执行完成后,会立刻释放当前锁,如果这时其他线程立刻获得锁并对变量进行操作,会出现数据不一致的情况,使用while可以确保数据不会出现不一致的情况。
public class ProducerConsumer1<T> {final private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();final private int MAX = 10;// 最多10个元素private int count = 0;public synchronized void put(T t) {while (lists.size() == this.MAX) {// 想想为什么用while而不是iftry {this.wait();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}lists.add(t);count++;this.notifyAll();// 通知消费者线程进行消费}public synchronized T get() {T t = null;while (lists.size() == 0) {try {this.wait();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}t = lists.removeFirst();count--;this.notifyAll();// 通知生产者进行生产return t;}public static void main(String[] args) {ProducerConsumer1<String> c = new ProducerConsumer1<>();// 启动消费者线程for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {new Thread(() -> {for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {System.out.println(c.get());}}, "c" + i).start();}try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {new Thread(() -> {for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) {c.put(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + j);}}).start();}}
}
Condition模拟生产者-消费者
使用Lock和Condition来实现类似需求时,可以更加精确的指定哪些线程被唤醒,这比notifyAll()效率更高一些。
将上面的程序代码进行改写:
public class ProducerConsumer2<T> {final private LinkedList<T> lists = new LinkedList<>();final private int MAX = 10;private int count = 0;private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();private Condition producer = lock.newCondition();private Condition consumer = lock.newCondition();public void put(T t) {try {lock.lock();while (lists.size() == MAX) {producer.await();}lists.add(t);++count;consumer.signalAll(); // 通知消费者线程进行消费} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {lock.unlock();}}public T get() {T t = null;try {lock.lock();while (lists.size() == 0) {consumer.await();}t = lists.removeFirst();count--;producer.signalAll();// 通知生产者进行生产} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {lock.unlock();}return t;}public static void main(String[] args) {ProducerConsumer2<String> c = new ProducerConsumer2<>();// 启动消费者线程for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {new Thread(() -> {for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {System.out.println(c.get());}}, "c" + i).start();}try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {new Thread(() -> {for (int j = 0; j < 25; j++) {c.put(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " " + j);}}).start();}}
}
鸣谢
《马士兵老师高并发编程系列》