密码学常用的算法填充模式_密码学的操作模式

密码学常用的算法填充模式

Modes of operation of a block cipher are procedural rules for a generic block cipher. The different modes of operation result in different properties being achieved which add to the security of the underlying block cipher in the cryptography.

分组密码的操作模式是通用分组密码的程序规则。不同的操作模式导致获得不同的属性，这增加了密码学中基础块密码的安全性。

The block cipher processes the data blocks of fixed size in the character. Eventually, the size of a message is larger than the block size in the modes. Hence, the long message is divided into a series of sequential message blocks which divides it into blocks, and the cipher operates on these blocks one at a time in the cryptography.

块密码处理字符中固定大小的数据块。最终，消息的大小大于模式中的块大小。因此，长消息被分为一系列连续的消息块，这些消息块将其分成多个块，并且密码在密码学中一次对这些块进行操作。

操作方式类型 (Types of mode of operations)

There are 5 types of mode of operation,

有5种操作模式，

Electronic CodeBook (ECB).
电子密码簿(ECB)。
Cipher Block Chaining (CBC).
密码块链接(CBC)。
Cipher feedback (CFB).
密码反馈(CFB)。
Output Feedback (OFB).
输出反馈(OFB)。
Counter Mode (CTR).
计数器模式(CTR)。

1)电子密码本(ECB) (1) Electronic Codebook (ECB))

This Electronic Code Book (ECB) is cryptography as a mode of operation for a block cipher, with the characters the main things that every feasible block of plaintext or an original text has a corresponding characteristic of ciphertext value and vice versa. In other words, the same or main plaintext or original value will always result or work in the same ciphertext value. Electronic Code Book(ECB) is used when a volume or character of plaintext is separated or divided into several blocks of data, each or every of which is then encrypted independently divides it into other blocks.

这种电子密码书(ECB)是一种密码术，是一种用于分组密码的操作模式，其特征是，每个可行的明文或原始文本块均具有对应的密文值特征，反之亦然。换句话说，相同或主要的明文或原始值将始终产生或使用相同的密文值。电子卷书(ECB)用于将明文的卷或字符分开或分成几个数据块，然后分别加密每个或每个数据块将其分成其他块。

2)密码块链接(CBC) (2) Cipher Block Chaining (CBC))

This is a Cipher block chaining (CBC) is a cryptography mode of operation for a block cipher (one in which a sequence of bits are encrypted as a single unit or a block with a ciphertext or encrypted key applied to the entire block of the cryptography). Cipher block chaining uses what is known as an initialization vector (IV) of a certain length of a character. There are one of its key characteristics is that it uses chaining the working mechanism that causes the decryption of a block of ciphertext to depend on all the preceding ciphertext blocks. As a result, the entire validity of all preceding blocks is contained in the cryptography immediately previous ciphertext block.

这是密码块链接(CBC)，是一种用于块密码的加密操作模式(一种加密模式，其中位序列被加密为单个单元，或者是将块密码或加密密钥应用于加密的整个块的块)。密码块链接使用某个字符长度的所谓的初始化向量(IV)。它的主要特征之一是它使用链接工作机制，该机制导致密文块的解密依赖于所有前面的密文块。结果，所有先前块的全部有效性都包含在密码术紧接前的密文块中。

3)密码回馈模式(CFB) (3) Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB))

This is Ciphertext feedback (CFB) which is also a mode of operation for a block cipher. In contrast to the cipher block chaining(CBC) mode, which encrypts a set number of bits of plaintext or original text at a time, it is at times desirable or sensible to encrypt and transfer or exchange some plaintext or original text values instantly one at a time, for which ciphertext feedback is a method in cryptography. Like cipher block chaining(CBC), ciphertext feedback(cfb) also makes use of an initialization vector (IV) in the blocks.

这是密文反馈(CFB)，也是块密码的一种操作模式。与一次加密一定数量的纯文本或原始文本的密码块链接(CBC)模式相反，有时希望或明智的做法是立即加密并传输或交换某些纯文本或原始文本值。时间，密文反馈是密码学中的一种方法。像密码块链接(CBC)一样，密文反馈(cfb)也使用了块中的初始化向量(IV)。

4)输出反馈模式(OFB) (4) Output Feedback Mode (OFB))

This is an output feedback (OFB) mode that is similar in structure to that of CFB in cryptography. It is the output of the encryption function that is fed back to the shift register in OFB in the cryptography, whereas in CFB in the mode of blocks, the ciphertext unit is fed back to the shift register in the block. The other difference is that the OFB mode operates on full blocks of plaintext or original text and ciphertext, not on an s-bit subset of character.

这是一种输出反馈(OFB)模式，其结构与密码学中的CFB相似。加密功能的输出被反馈到密码术中的OFB中的移位寄存器，而在CFB中，在块模式下，密文单元被反馈到块中的移位寄存器。另一个区别是，OFB模式对纯文本或原始文本和密文的完整块进行操作，而不对字符的s位子集进行操作。

5)计数器模式(CTR) (5) Counter Mode (CTR))

The Counter Mode or CTR is a simple counter based block cipher implementation in cryptography. Each or every time a counter initiated value is encrypted and given as input to XOR with plaintext or original text which results in ciphertext block. The CTR mode is independent of feedback use and thus can be implemented in parallel in this mode. It generates the next keystream block by encrypting successive values as named as "counter". This counter can be any purpose or function which generates a sequence that is guaranteed not to call for a long time, although an actual increment-by-one counter is the simplest or easiest and most popular or famous.

计数器模式或CTR是密码术中基于计数器的简单的块密码实现。每次或每次对计数器的初始值进行加密，并以纯文本或原始文本作为XOR的输入时，都会产生密文块。 CTR模式与反馈的使用无关，因此可以在此模式下并行实现。它通过加密称为“计数器”的连续值来生成下一个密钥流块。该计数器可以是生成序列的任何目的或功能，该序列可以保证长时间不调用，尽管实际的逐一递增计数器是最简单，最简单，最受欢迎或最受欢迎的。