原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/superchanon/article/details/8546254

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1. 运行平台：CentOS 6.3 x86_64，基本等同于RHEL 6.3

2. 安装方法：

安装MySQL主要有两种方法：一种是通过源码自行编译安装，这种适合高级用户定制MySQL的特性，这里不做说明；另一种是通过编译过的二进制文件进行安装。二进制文件安装的方法又分为两种：一种是不针对特定平台的通用安装方法，使用的二进制文件是后缀为.tar.gz的压缩文件；第二种是使用RPM或其他包进行安装，这种安装进程会自动完成系统的相关配置，所以比较方便。

3. 下载安装包：

a. 官方下载地址：

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads

或镜像文件下载：

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html

2. 下载文件（根据操作系统选择相应的发布版本）：

a. 通用安装方法

mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

b. RPM安装方法：

MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

4. 通用安装步骤

a. 检查是否已安装，grep的-i选项表示匹配时忽略大小写

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

*可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸:载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

b. 添加mysql组和mysql用户，用于设置mysql安装目录文件所有者和所属组。

[root@localhost JavaEE]#groupadd mysql

[root@localhost JavaEE]#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

*useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户，不可用于登录系统。

c. 将二进制文件解压到指定的安装目录，我们这里指定为/usr/local

[root@localhost ~]# cd/usr/local/

[root@localhost local]#tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

*加压后在/usr/local/生成了解压后的文件夹mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64，这名字太长，我们为它建立一个符号链接mysql，方便输入。

[root@localhost local]#ln -s mysql-5.5.29-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql

d. /usr/local/mysql/下的目录结构

Directory	Contents of Directory
bin	Client programs and the mysqld server
data	Log files, databases
docs	Manual in Info format
man	Unix manual pages
include	Include (header) files
lib	Libraries
scripts	mysql_install_db
share	Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
sql-bench	Benchmarks

e. 进入mysql文件夹，也就是mysql所在的目录，并更改所属的组和用户。

[root@localhost local]#cd mysql

[root@localhost mysql]#chown -R mysql .

[root@localhost mysql]#chgrp -R mysql .

f. 执行mysql_install_db脚本，对mysql中的data目录进行初始化并创建一些系统表格。注意mysql服务进程mysqld运行时会访问data目录，所以必须由启动mysqld进程的用户（就是我们之前设置的mysql用户）执行这个脚本，或者用root执行，但是加上参数--user=mysql。

[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

*如果mysql的安装目录（解压目录）不是/usr/local/mysql，那么还必须指定目录参数，如

[root@localhost mysql]scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql \

--basedir=/opt/mysql/mysql \

--datadir=/opt/mysql/mysql/data

*将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件，改回root用户所有，mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者。

[root@localhost mysql]chown -R root .

[root@localhost mysql]chown -R mysql data

g. 复制配置文件

[root@localhost mysql] cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

h. 将mysqld服务加入开机自启动项。

*首先需要将scripts/mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/，并重命名为mysqld。

[root@localhostmysql] cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

*通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中。

[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --add mysqld

*注意服务名称mysqld就是我们将mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/时重命名的名称。

*查看是否添加成功

[root@localhost mysql]#chkconfig --list mysqld

mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

i. 重启系统，mysqld就会自动启动了。

*检查是否启动

[root@localhost mysql]#netstat -anp|grep mysqld

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2365/mysqld

unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 14396 2365/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock

*如果不想重新启动，那可以直接手动启动。

[root@localhost mysql]#service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

j. 运行客户端程序mysql，在mysql/bin目录中，测试能否连接到mysqld。

[root@localhost mysql]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql

Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 2

Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may betrademarks of their respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit

Bye

*此时会出现mysql>命令提示符，可以输入sql语句，输入quit或exit退出。为了避免每次都输入mysql的全路径/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，可将其加入环境变量中，在/etc/profile最后加入两行命令：

MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

这样就可以在shell中直接输入mysql命令来启动客户端程序了

[root@localhost mysql]#mysql

Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 3

Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other namesmay be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

第二种方法

RPM安装步骤

a. 检查是否已安装，grep的-i选项表示匹配时忽略大小写

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64

可见已经安装了库文件，应该先卸载，不然会出现覆盖错误。注意卸载时使用了--nodeps选项，忽略了依赖关系：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

2. 安装MySQL的服务器端软件，注意切换到root用户：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

安装完成后，安装进程会在Linux中添加一个mysql组，以及属于mysql组的用户mysql。可通过id命令查看：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#id mysql

uid=496(mysql)gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)

MySQL服务器安装之后虽然配置了相关文件，但并没有自动启动mysqld服务，需自行启动：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#service mysql start

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

可通过检查端口是否开启来查看MySQL是否正常启动：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#netstat -anp|grep 3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 34693/mysqld

c. 安装MySQL的客户端软件：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.29-2.el6.x86_64.rpm

如果安装成功应该可以运行mysql命令，注意必须是mysqld服务以及开启：

[root@localhost JavaEE]#mysql

Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 1

Server version: 5.5.29MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracle is a registered trademarkof Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks oftheir respective owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' forhelp. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

d. RPM安装方式文件分布

Directory	Contents of Directory
/usr/bin	Client programs and scripts
/usr/sbin	The mysqld server
/var/lib/mysql	Log files, databases
/usr/share/info	Manual in Info format
/usr/share/man	Unix manual pages
/usr/include/mysql	Include (header) files
/usr/lib/mysql	Libraries
/usr/share/mysql	Miscellaneous support files, including error messages, character set files, sample configuration files, SQL for database installation
/usr/share/sql-bench	Benchmarks

---------2016-08-26--松门一枝花补充--------

但我安装时报错：

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

-----安装好serve的时候，有下面的提示：-----

适合5.7之前的版本。之后的请移步此处

A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER !
You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'.

You must change that password on your first connect,
no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted.
See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag.

Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed.

In addition, you can run:

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test database.
This is strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and
will be used by default by the server when you start it.
You may edit this file to change server settings

进入：mysql_secret

适合5.7之前的版本。之后的请移步此处

[root@hello110 ~]# cat .mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Sat Aug 27 01:33:41 2016 (local time): RsD3_afVuO4zOSxi

用里面的密码登录：

[root@hello110 hello]# mysql -uroot -pRsD3_afVuO4zOSxi

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.6.32

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>