一、预备知识
node, npm, react, redux, es6, webpack
二、学习资源
ECMAScript 6入门
React和Redux的连接react-redux
Redux 入门教程 redux middleware 详解 Redux研究
React 入门实例教程
webpack学习demo
NPM 使用介绍
三、工程搭建
之前有写过 webpack+react+es6开发模式 ,文章里介绍了一些简单的配置,欢迎访问。后续文章请参考 webpack+react+redux+es6开发模式---续。
1.可以npm init, 创建一个新的工程。创建package.json文件,定义需要的dependency,scripts,version等等。
2.新增webpack.config.json文件,定义插件项配置,页面入口文件,文件输出,加载器的配置,其他解决方案配置等。下面提供了简单配置的demo,更详细的讲解,请参考 webpack 入门指南: w2bc.com/Article/50764。
var webpack = require('webpack'); var commonsPlugin = new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin('common.js');module.exports = {//插件项 plugins: [commonsPlugin],//页面入口文件配置 entry: {bundle: './index.js'},//入口文件输出配置 output: {path: './build/',filename: '[name].js'},module: {//加载器配置 loaders: [{ test: /\.css$/, loader: 'style-loader!css-loader' },{ test: /\.js$/, loader: 'jsx-loader?harmony' },{ test: /\.scss$/, loader: 'style!css!sass?sourceMap'},{ test: /\.(png|jpg)$/, loader: 'url-loader?limit=8192'}]},//其它解决方案配置 resolve: {root: '******', //绝对路径extensions: ['', '.js', '.json', '.scss'],alias: {AppStore : 'js/stores/AppStores.js',ActionType : 'js/actions/ActionType.js',AppAction : 'js/actions/AppAction.js'}} };
3.编写如果文件 main.js。这里创建了provider,store,history,router。实现页面的路由以及react组件以及组件间的state交互。关于react-redux内容请参考 react-redux概念理解,关于react-router内容请参考 React Router 使用教程 。
var React = require('react'); var ReactDOM = require('react-dom'); var { Provider } = require('react-redux'); import { Router } from 'react-router'; import routes from 'routes'; import { createHashHistory, useBasename } from 'history'; import { syncReduxAndRouter } from 'redux-simple-router'; import { routeReducer } from 'redux-simple-router'; var configureStore = require('./stores/configureStore');// Run our app under the /base URL. const history = useBasename(createHashHistory)({basename: '/', }); const store = configureStore(window.__INITIAL_STATE__);syncReduxAndRouter(history, store);ReactDOM.render (<Provider store={store}><Router history={history}>{routes}</Router></Provider>,document.getElementById('root') );
4.创建工程的各个模块
|--demo1|--src //源码|--actions // 存放当前触发Redux的动作行为|--components // 存放工程内部的公共组件|--modules // 存放工程各模块代码|--constants // action动作常量|--reducers // 存放reducer函数,用来修改store状态|--routes // 放置页面路由 react router|--stores // 放置stores配置文件|--main.js // 入口js|--index.html // 工程入口文件html|--node_modules // 存放依赖的第三方模块库,使用命令 npm install|--build //打包文件存放的目录|--webpack.config.js|--package.json
四、功能开发
1.做一个简单的Home页面
(1).在modules文件夹新建Home.js, 使用antd 的Menu组件, 展示我们要演示的功能。
import React from 'react'; import 'less/home.less'; import { Scrollbars } from 'react-custom-scrollbars'; import {Menu} from 'antd';//首页 export class Home extends React.Component{constructor(props) {super(props);this.changeRoute = this.changeRoute.bind(this);}componentDidMount() {}changeRoute(e) {this.context.history.pushState({}, e.key);}render() {return (<div className='home'><Scrollbars style={{ height: 600 }}><Menu className='menu' onClick={this.changeRoute}><Menu.Item key='showSelfMsg'>页面渲染展示信息</Menu.Item><Menu.Item key='frontAndRearInteractive'>模拟前后台交互</Menu.Item><Menu.Item key='pageExchange'>页面切换</Menu.Item><Menu.Item key='extend'>子组件扩展</Menu.Item></Menu></Scrollbars></div> );} } Home.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; module.exports = Home;
(2).注册Home页面的路由,对应routes/index.js加入如下代码。
<Route path="/" component={ModuleRouters}><IndexRoute component={Home} /> </Route>
(3).启动工程, npm run dev, 浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8000/demo1,即可预览我们的Home页面。
2.单页面渲染,完成数据的展示和隐藏
(1).在component目录下新建ShowSelfMsg.js, 通过改变state状态,重新渲染页面.
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button} from 'antd'; import 'less/common.less'; var mapStateToProps = function(state){};class ShowSelfMsg extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.state = {showContent: false};this.showContent = this.showContent.bind(this);}showContent() {this.setState({showContent: !this.state.showContent});}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//加载该页面的数据 }componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {}render() {let showContent = this.state.showContent;return (<div className='main'><div className='content'><Button type="ghost" onClick={this.showContent}>{!this.state.showContent ? '单击显示内容' : '单击隐藏内容'}</Button> {showContent ? (<div><span>大家好,我是hjzgg</span></div>) : (null)}<div className='back'><Button type="ghost" onClick={()=>this.context.history.pushState({}, '/')}>返回</Button></div></div></div> );} }ShowSelfMsg.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(ShowSelfMsg);
(2).注册路由,在routes/index.js中加入如下代码。
<Route path="/showSelfMsg" component={ShowSelfMsg} />
(3).在Home页面中点击 ‘页面渲染展示信息’,即可进入这个页面。
3.模拟前后台交互
(1).代码编写如下。
(I).在constants新建ActoinTypesjs,定动作类型;
(II).在actions目录中新建simulationRquest.js, 定义要分发的动作;
(III)在reducers目录新建simulationRquest.js,存放reducer函数,用来修改store状态,然后将该函数放入到reducers/index.js中的combineReducers函数中,最终会合并成一个新的reducer;
(IV)components目录中新建FrontAndRearInteractive.js, dispatch 自定义的动作,实现模拟前后台交互功能。
ActionType.js
export const SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS = 'SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS'; export const SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL = 'SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL'; export const INIT_EXTEND_DATA_SUCCESS = 'INIT_EXTEND_DATA_SUCCESS'; export const INIT_EXTEND_DATA_FAIL = 'INIT_EXTEND_DATA_FAIL'; export const SAVE_EXTEND_DATA_SUCCESS = 'SAVE_EXTEND_DATA_SUCCESS';
FrontAndRearInteractive.js
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button} from 'antd'; import {simulationRquestAction} from 'actions/simulationRequest'; var mapStateToProps = function(state){return {myRequest: state.myRequest,} };class FrontAndRearInteractive extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.state = {showContent: false};this.simulationRequest = this.simulationRequest.bind(this);}simulationRequest() {const {dispatch} = this.props;console.log('props>>>dispath:' + dispatch);dispatch(simulationRquestAction());}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//加载该页面的数据 }componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {const { myRequest } = nextProps;if(myRequest.code && myRequest.msg)alert('请求结果:code=' + myRequest.code + ', msg=' + myRequest.msg);}render() {const { myRequest } = this.props;return (<div className='main'><div className='content'><Button type="ghost" onClick={this.simulationRequest}>模拟请求</Button> {myRequest && myRequest.data ? (<div><span>{myRequest.data}</span></div>) : (null)}<div className='back'><Button type="ghost" onClick={()=>this.context.history.pushState({}, '/')}>返回</Button></div></div></div> );} } FrontAndRearInteractive.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(FrontAndRearInteractive);
actions/simulationRquest.js
import {ajax} from 'utils/ajax'; import url from 'utils/Url'; import {SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS, SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL,} from 'constants/ActionTypes';function simulationRquestSuccess(data, msg){return {type: SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS,data,msg,} }function simulationRquestFail(msg){return {type: SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL,msg,} }export function simulationRquestAction(args){return function (dispatch) {console.log('actions>>>dispath:' + dispatch);/*//真是请求ajax({method : 'GET',url : url.QUERY_ALL_USER,query : {'args': args},type : 'json',success : function(data) {return dispatch(simulationRquestSuccess(data));},error : function(data) {return dispatch(simulationRquestFail('request fail'));} });*///假设请求成功return dispatch(simulationRquestSuccess('我是后台返回数据:hjzgg!!!', '获取数据成功'));}; }
reducers/simulationRquest.js
import {SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS, SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL,} from 'constants/ActionTypes'; import assign from 'lodash/assign';function myRequest(state = {data: null,msg: null,code: null,}, action) {console.log('reducer action属性>>>>>' + JSON.stringify(action));switch(action.type) {case SIMULATION_REQUEST_SUCCESS:return assign({}, state, {msg: action.msg,data: action.data,code: 'success',});case SIMULATION_REQUEST_FAIL:return assign({}, state, {msg: action.msg,data: null,code: 'fail',});default:return state;}}module.exports = myRequest;
(2).路由注册,在routes/index.js增加如下代码。
<Route path="/frontAndRearInteractive" component={FrontAndRearInteractive} />
(3).在Home页面中点击 ‘模拟前后台交互’,即可进入页面。
4.页面切换
(1).在components目录新建PageExchange.js 和 Childpage.js,分别为父页面和子页面。注意,这里父页面的变量信息 是通过路由的方式传递过去的,当然也可以通过state方式传递过去。
PageExchange.js
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button} from 'antd'; import 'less/common.less'; var mapStateToProps = function(state){};class PageExchange extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.state = {showContent: false};this.gotoChildPage = this.gotoChildPage.bind(this);}gotoChildPage() {console.log('this.context.history>>>>>>' + JSON.stringify(this.context.history));this.context.history.pushState({}, 'childDemoPage/' + '我是父页面信息');}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//加载该页面的数据 }componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {}render() {let showContent = this.state.showContent;return (<div className='main'><div className='content'><Button type="ghost" onClick={this.gotoChildPage}>进入子页面</Button><div className='back'><Button type="ghost" onClick={()=>this.context.history.pushState({}, '/')}>返回</Button></div></div></div> );} }PageExchange.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(PageExchange);
Childpage.js
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button} from 'antd'; import 'less/common.less'; var mapStateToProps = function(state){return {} };class ChildPage extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.returnParentPage = this.returnParentPage.bind(this);}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//加载该页面的数据 }componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {}returnParentPage() {this.context.history.pushState(null, 'pageExchange');}render() {const parentPageMsg = this.props.params.parentPageMsg;return (<div className='main'><div className='content'><Button type="ghost" onClick={this.returnParentPage}>返回父页面</Button> {parentPageMsg ? (<div><span>{parentPageMsg}</span></div>) : (null)}</div></div> );} }ChildPage.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(ChildPage);
(2).注册路由,在routes/index.js中加入如下代码。
<Route path="/pageExchange" component={PageExchange} /> <Route path="/childDemoPage(/:parentPageMsg)" component={ChildPage}/>
(3).在Home页面中点击‘页面切换’,即可进入页面。
5.自定义扩展组件
(1).先说一下应用场景:多个页面可能需要类似的扩展功能,通过自定义扩展组件,完成对信息的加载。主页面信息保存时,通知扩展组件要保存信息了,扩展组件将最新修改的信息告知主页面,主页面获取到全部信息后,一起将数据传给后台,完成主页面信息和扩展信息的保存。
(2).在components目录下新建Page.js和ExtendPage.js,分别为主页面和自定义扩展组件。
Page.js
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button, Input, Form} from 'antd'; import ExtendPage from 'components/ExtendPage'; import 'less/common.less'; const FormItem = Form.Item; var mapStateToProps = function(state){return {extendStore: state.extendStore} };class Page extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.state = {childState: false,}this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);this.onSaveExtendPage = this.onSaveExtendPage.bind(this);}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//加载该页面的数据 }componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {}//通知扩展组件,准备保存了 onSaveExtendPage() {if(this.state.childState) {this.setState({childState: false,});}}save(values) {//打印父级和子级文本 alert(JSON.stringify(values));}handleSubmit() {var self = this;this.props.form.validateFields((err, values) => {if (!err) {//表单符合标准//values 为当前父页面的数据,接下来获取子页面的数据this.setState({childState: true}, function() {const { extendStore } = self.props;values.extendData = extendStore && extendStore.data || extendStore;self.save(values);});}});}render() {const { getFieldProps } = this.props.form;const inputProps = getFieldProps('inputText', {initialValue: '',rules: [{required: true, message: 'the input is required' },],validateTrigger: "onBlur"});return (<div style={{marginTop: 50, width: 600, marginLeft: 'auto', marginRight: 'auto'}}><Form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}><FormItem {...{labelCol: { span: 6 }, wrapperCol: { span: 14 }}} label="父级文本: "><Input {...inputProps} id='inputText' type='text'/></FormItem><FormItem wrapperCol={{ span: 12, offset: 6 }}><Button type="primary" htmlType="submit">提交</Button></FormItem></Form><ExtendPagechildState={this.state.childState}callBack={this.onSaveExtendPage}/><div style={{float: 'right'}}><Button type="ghost" onClick={()=>this.context.history.pushState({}, '/')}>返回</Button></div></div> );} } Page.contextTypes = {history: React.PropTypes.object.isRequired, }; Page = Form.create()(Page); module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(Page);
ExtendPage.js
import React from 'react'; import {connect} from 'react-redux'; import {Button, Form, Input, message} from 'antd'; const FormItem = Form.Item; import {initExtendData, saveExtendDataAction} from 'actions/extendPage'; var mapStateToProps = function(state){return {extendStore: state.extendStore} };class ExtendPage extends React.Component{constructor(props){super(props);this.state = {}this.saveExtendData = this.saveExtendData.bind(this);this.checkText = this.checkText.bind(this);}checkText(rule, value, callBack) {if(/\s+/.test(value)) {callBack("不能有空白字符");} else {callBack();}}saveExtendData() {this.props.callBack();//保存成功后,更改父页面的childState的状态this.props.form.validateFields((err, values) => {if (!err) {//表单符合标准console.log('save ExtendPage values: ' + JSON.stringify(values));const {dispatch} = this.props;dispatch(saveExtendDataAction(values));}});}componentDidMount() {const { dispatch} = this.props;//初始化扩展页的数据 dispatch(initExtendData());}componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {const { extendStore, childState } = nextProps;if(extendStore && extendStore.msg) {message.info(extendStore.msg, 5);extendStore.msg = null;}if(childState) {//父页面 改变 子页面的状态this.saveExtendData();}}render() {const { getFieldProps } = this.props.form;const { extendStore } = this.props;const inputValue = extendStore && extendStore.data && extendStore.data.extendInputText || null;const inputProps = getFieldProps('extendInputText', {initialValue: inputValue,rules: [{required: true, message: 'the input is required' },{validator: this.checkText}],validateTrigger: "onBlur"});return (<div><Form><FormItem {...{labelCol: { span: 6 }, wrapperCol: { span: 14 }}} label="扩展本文: "><Input {...inputProps} type="text" id="extendInputText"/></FormItem></Form></div> );} } ExtendPage = Form.create()(ExtendPage); module.exports = connect(mapStateToProps)(ExtendPage);
(3).说一下组件的扩展机制
(I).扩展组件自身会维护更新自己state状态,在触发扩展组件保存时,扩展组件将自身数据通过dispatch进行分发,最后通过对应的reducer(这个reducer会通过combineReducers函数合并成一个新的reducer)进行处理,根据逻辑生成新的state。
>>定义动作类型
>>分发动作
>>reducer处理动作,返回新的state
>>自定义的reducer函数通过combineReducers函数进行合并
(II).父级组件如何获取扩展组件的状态?
也就是store中的状态树变化的时候,组件可以通过 mapStateToProps 函数从状态树中获取最新的state。
(III).父级组件如何通知扩展组件 准备保存数据了?
>>扩展组件接收父级组件两个参数:childState, 通知扩展组件状态发生变化; callBack, 修改childState状态,扩张组件通知父级组件更新完成。
>>父级组件保存数据时,首先获取到自己的数据,然后通过setState()方法改变childState的值,通知扩展组件。最后通过setState方法传入的回调函数(该函数在组件更新完成之后调用)获取到扩展组件的最新state。
>>扩展组件接收到父级组件的通知,刷新store中的state。这样父级组件和扩展组件自身都可以通过mapStateToProps方法获取到最新的state。
(4).注册路由,在routes/index.js中加入如下代码。
(5).在Home页面中点击‘页面切换’,即可进入页面。
五、问题解惑
1.module.filename、__filename、__dirname、process.cwd(): http://www.tuicool.com/articles/bQre2a
2.node.js之path模块: http://www.jianshu.com/p/fe41ee02efc8
3.react-router: http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/05/react_router.html?utm_source=tool.lu
4.出现如下错误:Cannot sync router: route state does not exist. Did you install the routing reducer,参考:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34039619/redux-simple-router-react-router-error-route-state-does-not-exist
5.module.exprots, export, export default区别:
export default variationimport variation from 'js file'export variationimport {variation} from 'js file'module.exports=variationimport variation from 'js file'
参考:
http://www.2cto.com/kf/201412/360211.html
http://www.jb51.net/article/33269.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/zhou_xiao_cheng/article/details/52759632
http://blog.csdn.net/zhou_xiao_cheng/article/details/52759632
六、dispath疑问
react-router相关API
react-redux 之 connect 方法详解
验证一下 redux store.dispatch 和 react组件 props中的dispath,的确是一样的。
dispath:function (action) {return typeof action === 'function' ? action(dispatch, getState) : next(action); }
七、演示地址
http://study.hujunzheng.cn:8000/DEMO_FRONT/
八、完整项目下载
https://github.com/hjzgg/webpack-react-redux