一、前言
项目刚刚开发的时候,并没有做好充足的准备。开发到一定程度的时候才会想到还有一些问题没有解决。就比如今天我要说的一个问题:异常的处理。写程序的时候一般都会通过try...catch...finally对异常进行处理,但是我们真的能在写程序的时候处理掉所有可能发生的异常吗? 以及发生异常的时候执行什么逻辑,返回什么提示信息,跳转到什么页面,这些都是要考虑到的。
二、基于@ControllerAdvice(加强的控制器)的异常处理
参考文档:http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/1866350
@ControllerAdvice注解内部使用@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder、@ModelAttribute注解的方法应用到所有的 @RequestMapping注解的方法。本例子中使用ExceptionHandler应用到所有@RequestMapping注解的方法,处理发生的异常。
示例代码:
import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils;@ResponseBody public class ExceptionAdvice {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExceptionAdvice.class);/*** 拦截web层异常,记录异常日志,并返回友好信息到前端* 目前只拦截Exception,是否要拦截Error需再做考虑** @param e 异常对象* @return 异常提示*/@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public ResponseEntity<String> handleException(Exception e) {//不需要再记录ServiceException,因为在service异常切面中已经记录过if (!(e instanceof ServiceException)) {LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e));}HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();headers.set("Content-type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");headers.add("icop-content-type", "exception");String message = StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "系统异常!!" : e.getMessage();return new ResponseEntity<>(message, headers, HttpStatus.OK);} }
如果不起作用,请检查 spring-mvc的配置文件,是否有ControllerAdvice的如下配置
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xx" use-default-filters="false"> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> </context:component-scan>
附上:Spring MVC的Controller统一异常处理:HandlerExceptionResolver
三、基于AOP的异常处理
1.处理controller层的异常 WebExceptionAspect.java
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;/*** web异常切面* 默认spring aop不会拦截controller层,使用该类需要在spring公共配置文件中注入改bean,* 另外需要配置<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>*/ @Aspect public class WebExceptionAspect {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebExceptionAspect.class);@Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping)")private void webPointcut() {}/*** 拦截web层异常,记录异常日志,并返回友好信息到前端* 目前只拦截Exception,是否要拦截Error需再做考虑** @param e 异常对象*/@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "webPointcut()", throwing = "e")public void handleThrowing(Exception e) {//不需要再记录ServiceException,因为在service异常切面中已经记录过if (!(e instanceof ServiceException)) {LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e));}String errorMsg = StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "系统异常" : e.getMessage();writeContent(errorMsg);}/*** 将内容输出到浏览器** @param content 输出内容*/private void writeContent(String content) {HttpServletResponse response = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse();response.reset();response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");response.setHeader("icop-content-type", "exception");PrintWriter writer = null;try {writer = response.getWriter();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}writer.print(content);writer.flush();writer.close();} }
2.处理service层的异常ServiceExceptionAspect .java
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import com.hjz.exception.ServiceException; import com.hjz.exception.utils.ExceptionUtils;@Aspect public class ServiceExceptionAspect {private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceExceptionAspect.class);/*** @within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service),拦截带有 @Service 注解的类的所有方法* @annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping),拦截带有@RquestMapping的注解方法*/@Pointcut("@within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service) && execution(public * *(..))")private void servicePointcut() {}/*** 拦截service层异常,记录异常日志,并设置对应的异常信息* 目前只拦截Exception,是否要拦截Error需再做考虑** @param e 异常对象*/@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "servicePointcut()", throwing = "e")public void handle(JoinPoint point, Exception e) {LOGGER.error(ExceptionUtils.getExcTrace(e));String signature = point.getSignature().toString();String errorMsg = getMessage(signature) == null ? (StringUtils.isEmpty(e.getMessage()) ? "服务异常" : e.getMessage()) : getMessage(signature);throw new ServiceException(errorMsg, e);}/*** 获取方法签名对应的提示消息** @param signature 方法签名* @return 提示消息*/private String getMessage(String signature) {return null;} }
3.使用方式,在spring的公共配置文件中加入如下配置:
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" /> <bean class="com.hjz.exception.aspect.ServiceExceptionAspect" /> <bean class="com.hjz.exception.aspect.WebExceptionAspect" />
或者 自定义一个 注册类,ServiceExceptionAspect.java和WebExceptionAspect.java都加入@Component注解
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;/*** 异常相关bean注册类*/ @Configuration @EnableAspectJAutoProxy @ComponentScan("com.hjz.exception.aspect") public class ExceptionConfig {}
注:spring 公共配置文件中的配置 改成 <bean class="com.hjz.exception.config.ExceptionConfig"/>,如果controller层的异常无法拦截,请将配置换到springmvc的配置文件中,原因请见(SpringMVC关于AOP拦截controller的注意事项)
@Aspect @Component public class WebExceptionAspect {.......... }@Aspect @Component public class ServiceExceptionAspect {......... }
四、疑惑
@within(org.springframework.stereotype.Service),拦截带有 @Service 注解的类的所有方法
@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping),拦截带有@RquestMapping的注解方法
五、测试
分别编写controller层和service层的异常测试类。这个很简单,在方法里简单的抛一下异常就可以了。最后验证一下,异常发生的时候有没有 执行 @AfterThrowing对应的方法就好了。具体还是看我写的demo吧,嘿嘿嘿!!!
完整项目下载地址:https://github.com/hjzgg/Spring-annotation-AOP-Exception_handling