Spring MVC源码——Root WebApplicationContext
打算开始读一些框架的源码,先拿 Spring MVC 练练手,欢迎点击这里访问我的源码注释, SpringMVC官方文档一开始就给出了这样的两段示例:
WebApplicationInitializer示例:
public class MyWebApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {@Overridepublic void onStartup(ServletContext servletCxt) {// Load Spring web application configurationAnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();ac.register(AppConfig.class);ac.refresh();// Create and register the DispatcherServletDispatcherServlet servlet = new DispatcherServlet(ac);ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletCxt.addServlet("app", servlet);registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);registration.addMapping("/app/*");} }
web.xml 示例:
<web-app><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/app-context.xml</param-value></context-param><servlet><servlet-name>app</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value></param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>app</servlet-name><url-pattern>/app/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping></web-app>
我们按照 web.xml 中的实例来看一下 Spring MVC 初始化过程.
上下文层次结构
Spring MVC 的上下文有如下这样的层级:
图中的 Servlet WebApplicationContext
是与 DispatcherServlet
绑定的上下文, 其中还有 controllers、ViewResolver、HandlerMapping 等组件.
Root WebApplicationContext
不是必须的上下文, 在需要时,可以用来在多个 DispatcherServlet
间共享一些 bean.
Root WebApplicationContext 初始化和销毁
ContextLoaderListener
web.xml 中配置的 ContextLoaderListener
用于启动和终止 Spring 的 root WebApplicationContext
.
ContextLoaderListener
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {public ContextLoaderListener() {}public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {super(context);}/*** Initialize the root web application context.* Servlet 上下文初始化,调用父类的方法初始化 WebApplicationContext*/@Overridepublic void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());}/*** Close the root web application context.* Servlet 上下文被销毁,调用父类的方法销毁 WebApplicationContext*/@Overridepublic void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());// 销毁 ServletContext 上实现了 DisposableBean 的属性并移除他们 ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());} }
ContextLoaderListener
直接调用了父类 ContextLoader
的方法来初始化和销毁上下文.
ContextLoaderListener
在创建上下文时,会尝试读取 contextClass
context-param 来指定上下文的类型,被指定的类需要实现 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext
接口. 如果没有获取到,默认会使用 WebApplicationContext
.
初始化上下文时,会尝试读取 contextConfigLocation
context-param, 作为 xml 文件的路径.
初始化上下文
initWebApplicationContext()
方法如下:
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {// 检查有没有绑定上下文if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");}servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");}// 初始化开始时间long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();try {// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.// 保存上下文到本地实例变量中,保证上细纹能在 ServletContext 关闭时访问到if (this.context == null) {// 创建上下文this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);}if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {// 如果上下文实现了 ConfigurableWebApplicationContextConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;if (!cwac.isActive()) {// 上下文还没有刷新,设置 父上下文(如果能找到),并且刷新// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etcif (cwac.getParent() == null) {// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent ->// determine parent for root web application context, if any.ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);cwac.setParent(parent);}// 设置和刷新上下文 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);}}// 将上下文绑定到 servletContext 的属性上servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);// 获取当前线程的上下文类加载器ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {currentContext = this.context;}else if (ccl != null) {// 如果有线程上下文类加载器,而且不是 ContextLoader 本身的类加载器,放入到 currentContextPerThread 中。这是一个 static 的域currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);}if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext initialized in " + elapsedTime + " ms");}return this.context;}catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {// 发生异常, 把异常绑定到上下文对应的属性上,之后不会再进行初始化logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);throw ex;} }
initWebApplicationContext()
方法调用了 createWebApplicationContext()
方法来创建上下文;调用了 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()
来对实现了 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext
接口的上下文做初始化.
createWebApplicationContext()
会调用 determineContextClass()
来获取上下文类型的 Class 对象.
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {// 获取上下文类型Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);// 检查是否实现了 ConfigurableWebApplicationContextif (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");}// 实例化return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); }protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {// 获取 serveltContext 的 'contextClass' 初始化参数。String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);if (contextClassName != null) {// 指定过上下文类型,加载类try {return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);}}else {// 去默认策略里获取默认的上下文类型名称contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());try {// 加载类return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());}catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {throw new ApplicationContextException("Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);}} }
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()
方法.
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {// 用可以获取到的信息,获取一个更有意义的上下文if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {// The application context id is still set to its original default value// -> assign a more useful id based on available information// 获取 ServletContext 的 'contextId' 初始化参数。String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);if (idParam != null) {wac.setId(idParam);}else {// Generate default id...// 生成默认 idwac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));}}// 设置 servletContext 属性 wac.setServletContext(sc);// 设置配置文件路径String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);if (configLocationParam != null) {wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);}// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh// 初始化属性源, 确保 servlet 属性源到位并能够在任何 refresh 之前的后期处理和初始化中使用ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);}// 在设置了配置文件之后上下文刷新之前,自定义上下文 customizeContext(sc, wac);wac.refresh(); }protected void customizeContext(ServletContext sc, ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {// 根据 ServletContext 的 'contextInitializerClasses' 和 'globalInitializerClasses' 初始化参数 加载 ApplicationContextInitializer 的 classList<Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>>> initializerClasses =determineContextInitializerClasses(sc);for (Class<ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext>> initializerClass : initializerClasses) {// 获取范型参数类型Class<?> initializerContextClass =GenericTypeResolver.resolveTypeArgument(initializerClass, ApplicationContextInitializer.class);// 检查 Initializer 是否适用于当前上下文对象if (initializerContextClass != null && !initializerContextClass.isInstance(wac)) {throw new ApplicationContextException(String.format("Could not apply context initializer [%s] since its generic parameter [%s] " +"is not assignable from the type of application context used by this " +"context loader: [%s]", initializerClass.getName(), initializerContextClass.getName(),wac.getClass().getName()));}// 创建 Initializer 实例,并添加到 contextInitializersthis.contextInitializers.add(BeanUtils.instantiateClass(initializerClass));}// 根据 org.springframework.core.Ordered 和 org.springframework.core.annotation.Order 排序,如果没有实现或注解,会被排到最后AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.contextInitializers);// 执行每个 initializer 的 initialize() 方法for (ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> initializer : this.contextInitializers) {initializer.initialize(wac);} }
销毁上下文
closeWebApplicationContext()
方法如下:
public void closeWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {servletContext.log("Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext");try {// 如果 context 是 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext 调用 close() 方法if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {((ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context).close();}}finally {ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {currentContext = null;}else if (ccl != null) {currentContextPerThread.remove(ccl);}// 移除 servletContext 中的 context 属性 servletContext.removeAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);} }
Servlet 3.0+ 中初始化
Servlet 3.0+ 中可以通过 ServletContext
的 addlistener()
方法来添加监听器.因此可以先把 Spring 容器先创建好,再传给 ContextLoaderListener
的构造器.这里就不自己写例子了,选了单元测试中的 ContextLoaderTests.testContextLoaderListenerWithDefaultContext()
方法:
public void testContextLoaderListenerWithDefaultContext() {MockServletContext sc = new MockServletContext("");sc.addInitParameter(ContextLoader.CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM,"/org/springframework/web/context/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml " +"/org/springframework/web/context/WEB-INF/context-addition.xml");ServletContextListener listener = new ContextLoaderListener();ServletContextEvent event = new ServletContextEvent(sc);listener.contextInitialized(event);String contextAttr = WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE;WebApplicationContext context = (WebApplicationContext) sc.getAttribute(contextAttr);assertTrue("Correct WebApplicationContext exposed in ServletContext", context instanceof XmlWebApplicationContext);assertTrue(WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(sc) instanceof XmlWebApplicationContext);LifecycleBean lb = (LifecycleBean) context.getBean("lifecycle");assertTrue("Has father", context.containsBean("father"));assertTrue("Has rod", context.containsBean("rod"));assertTrue("Has kerry", context.containsBean("kerry"));assertTrue("Not destroyed", !lb.isDestroyed());assertFalse(context.containsBean("beans1.bean1"));assertFalse(context.containsBean("beans1.bean2"));listener.contextDestroyed(event);assertTrue("Destroyed", lb.isDestroyed());assertNull(sc.getAttribute(contextAttr));assertNull(WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(sc)); }
转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/FJH1994/p/10798028.html