知识概览
- Dijkstra算法适用于解决所有边权都是正数的最短路问题。
- Dijkstra算法分为朴素的Dijkstra算法和堆优化版的Dijkstra算法。
- 朴素的Dijkstra算法时间复杂度为,适用于稠密图。堆优化版的Dijkstra算法时间复杂度为,适用于稀疏图。
- 稠密图的边数m和是一个级别的,稀疏图的边数m和点数n是一个级别的。
朴素的Dijkstra算法
例题展示
题目链接
活动 - AcWing系统讲解常用算法与数据结构,给出相应代码模板,并会布置、讲解相应的基础算法题目。https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/description/851/
代码
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>using namespace std;const int N = 510;int n, m;
int g[N][N];
int dist[N];
bool st[N];int dijkstra()
{// dist[1] = 0, dist[i] = 无穷大memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);dist[1] = 0;for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++){int t = -1;for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)if (!st[j] && (t == -1 || dist[t] > dist[j]))t = j; // t为不在st为false的距离最近的点st[t] = true;// 用t更新其它点的距离for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)dist[j] = min(dist[j], dist[t] + g[t][j]);}if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) return -1;return dist[n];
}int main()
{scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);memset(g, 0x3f, sizeof g);while (m--){int a, b, c;scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);g[a][b] = min(g[a][b], c); // 重边取最小距离}int t = dijkstra();printf("%d\n", t);return 0;
}
堆优化版的Dijkstra算法
例题展示
题目链接
活动 - AcWing系统讲解常用算法与数据结构,给出相应代码模板,并会布置、讲解相应的基础算法题目。https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/852/
代码
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>using namespace std;typedef pair<int, int> PII;const int N = 150010;int n, m;
int h[N], w[N], e[N], ne[N], idx;
int dist[N];
bool st[N];void add(int a, int b, int c)
{e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}int dijkstra()
{memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);dist[1] = 0;priority_queue<PII, vector<PII>, greater<PII>> heap;heap.push({0, 1});while (heap.size()){auto t = heap.top();heap.pop();int ver = t.second, distance = t.first;if (st[ver]) continue;st[ver] = true;for (int i = h[ver]; i != -1; i = ne[i]){int j = e[i];if (dist[j] > distance + w[i]){dist[j] = distance + w[i];heap.push({dist[j], j});}}}if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) return -1;return dist[n];
}int main()
{scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);memset(h, -1, sizeof h);while (m--){int a, b, c;scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);add(a, b, c);}int t = dijkstra();printf("%d\n", t);return 0;
}
参考资料
- AcWing算法基础课