有两种方式实现：

1、快照和还原

2、导出和导入

一、快照和还原

1、在源Elasticsearch集群上创建快照存储库

PUT _snapshot/my_backup
{"type": "fs","settings": {"location": "/path/to/backup/directory"}
}

2、创建快照

PUT _snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1
{"indices": "index1,index2","ignore_unavailable": true,"include_global_state": false
}

3、在还原库上创建同样的快照存储库

PUT _snapshot/my_backup
{"type": "fs","settings": {"location": "/path/to/backup/directory"}
}

4、从快照还原

POST _snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/_restore
{"indices": "index1,index2","ignore_unavailable": true,"include_global_state": false
}

二、使用导出和导入进行备份和恢复

1、导出索引数据

POST _export
{"indices": "index1,index2","query": {"match_all": {}},"size": 1000,"sort": ["_doc"]
}

2、导入数据

POST _import
{"index": "index1","data": [{"index": {"_id": "1"}},{"field1": "value1", "field2": "value2"},{"index": {"_id": "2"}},{"field1": "value3", "field2": "value4"}]
}