Lua-面向对象中函数使用时冒号(:)和点(.)的区别,我们先来看一段简单的代码:
local Animal ={}functionAnimal:Eat( food )print("Animal:Eat", self, food)end
functionAnimal.Sleep( time )print("Animal.Sleep", self, time)endAnimal:Eat("grass")
Animal.Eat("grass")
Animal:Sleep(1)
Animal.Sleep(1)
输出结果为:
Animal:Eat table: 0x7f8421c07540 grass
Animal:Eat grassnilAnimal.Sleepniltable: 0x7f8421c07540
Animal.Sleepnil 1
由此可见,
定义:
在Eat(冒号函数)内部有一个参数self,在Sleep(点函数)内部没有参数self;
调用:
用冒号(:)调用函数时,会默认传一个值(调用者自身)作为第一个参数;
用点(.)调用函数时,则没有;
-- 如果要使结果一致,则:
Animal:Eat("grass")
Animal.Eat(Animal,"grass")
Animal:Sleep()
Animal.Sleep(Animal)
输出结果:
Animal:Eat table: 0x7f8421c07540 grass
Animal:Eat table: 0x7f8421c07540 grass
Animal.Sleepniltable: 0x7f8421c07540
Animal.Sleepnil table: 0x7f8421c07540
-- 我们为什么可以用.和:来定义函数
function Animal.Sleep( time ) end
-- 这种写法是一种语法糖(syntactic sugar),它的原型是:
Animal.Sleep = function ( time ) end
用双冒号(:)时,也是一种语法糖,实际上默认传递一个self(Animal)参数:
function Animal:Eat( food ) end
等价于
function Animal.Eat( self, food ) end
可参考Lua函数定义:
http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/manual.html#pdf-next
3.4.10 – Function Definitions
The syntax for function definition is
functiondef ::= function funcbody
funcbody ::= ‘(’ [parlist] ‘)’ block end
The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
stat ::= function funcname funcbody
stat ::= local function Name funcbody
funcname ::= Name {‘.’ Name} [‘:’ Name]
The statement
function f () body end
translates to
f = function () body end
The statement
function t.a.b.c.f () body end
translates to
t.a.b.c.f = function () body end
The statement
local function f () body end
translates to
local f; f = function () body end
not to
local f = function () body end
Lua 的详细介绍:请点这里
Lua 的下载地址:请点这里