今日内容
1. JDBC基本概念
2. 快速入门
3. 对JDBC中各个接口和类详解
JDBC:
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概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库
* JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。- 快速入门:
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步骤:
- 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
2.右键–>Add As Library - 注册驱动
- 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
- 定义sql
- 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
- 执行sql,接受返回结果
- 处理结果
- 释放资源
- 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
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代码实现:
//1. 导入驱动jar包
//2.注册驱动
Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);
//3.获取数据库连接对象
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3”, “root”, “root”);
//4.定义sql语句
String sql = “update account set balance = 500 where id = 1”;
//5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
//6.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//7.处理结果
System.out.println(count);
//8.释放资源
stmt.close();
conn.close();
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- 快速入门:
代码演示:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo1 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// 1. 导入驱动jar包// 2. 注册驱动Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 3. 获取数据库的连接对象Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 4. 定义sql语句String sql = "update students set address = '北京路110号' where s_no = '122003' ";// 5. 获取执行sql的对象 StatementStatement statement = conn.createStatement();// 6. 执行sqlint count = statement.executeUpdate(sql);// 7. 处理结果System.out.println(count);// 8. 释放资源statement.close();conn.close();}
}
3. 详解各个对象:1. DriverManager:驱动管理对象* 功能:1. 注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动jarstatic void registerDriver(Driver driver) :注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager 。 写代码使用: Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块static {try {java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());} catch (SQLException E) {throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");}}注意:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤。2. 获取数据库连接:* 方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password) * 参数:* url:指定连接的路径* 语法:jdbc:mysql://ip地址(域名):端口号/数据库名称* 例子:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3* 细节:如果连接的是本机mysql服务器,并且mysql服务默认端口是3306,则url可以简写为:jdbc:mysql:///数据库名称* user:用户名* password:密码 2. Connection:数据库连接对象1. 功能:1. 获取执行sql 的对象* Statement createStatement()* PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 2. 管理事务:* 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务* 提交事务:commit() * 回滚事务:rollback() 3. Statement:执行sql的对象1. 执行sql1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解 2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句* 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句2. 练习:1. students表 添加一条记录2. students表 修改记录3. students表 删除一条记录
代码演示: students表 添加一条记录
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo2 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;try {// 1. 注册驱动Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 定义sqlString sql = "insert into students values('0001','zep','男','1999-07-14','D111','深圳路118号','135000',null)";// 3. 获取Connection对象conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 4. 获取执行sql的对象 Statementstmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 执行sqlint count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); // 返回sql代码执行后所影响的行数// 6. 处理结果System.out.println(count);if (count>0) {System.out.println("添加成功!");}else {System.out.println("添加失败!");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {// 7. 释放资源// 为了避免空指针异常if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}
students表 修改记录:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;public class JdbcDemo3 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;try {// 1. 注册驱动Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 获取连接对象conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 3. 定义sqlString sql = "update students set s_no = '122001' where phone = '135000' ";// 4. 获取执行sql的对象stmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 执行sqlint count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);// 6. 处理结果System.out.println(count);if (count>0) {System.out.println("修改成功!");}else {System.out.println("修改失败");}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {// 释放资源if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}
}
- ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
* boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,如果不是则返回true
* getXxx(参数):获取数据
* Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
* 参数:
1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1)
2. String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble(“balance”)
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注意:
* 使用步骤:
1. 游标向下移动一行
2. 判断是否有数据
3. 获取数据//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。while(rs.next()){//获取数据//6.2 获取数据int id = rs.getInt(1);String name = rs.getString("name");double balance = rs.getDouble(3);System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);}
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练习:
* 定义一个方法,查询emp表的数据将其封装为对象,然后装载集合,返回。
1. 定义Emp类
2. 定义方法 public List findAll(){}
3. 实现方法 select * from emp;
Student.java:
package cn.itcast.domain;import java.sql.Blob;
import java.util.Date;/*** 封装student表数据的JavaBean*/
public class Student {private String s_no;private String s_name;private String sex;private Date birthday;private String D_NO;private String address;private String phone;private Blob photo;public String getS_no() {return s_no;}public void setS_no(String s_no) {this.s_no = s_no;}public String getS_name() {return s_name;}public void setS_name(String s_name) {this.s_name = s_name;}public String getSex() {return sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}public Date getBirthday() {return birthday;}public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {this.birthday = birthday;}public String getD_NO() {return D_NO;}public void setD_NO(String d_NO) {D_NO = d_NO;}public String getAddress() {return address;}public void setAddress(String address) {this.address = address;}public String getPhone() {return phone;}public void setPhone(String phone) {this.phone = phone;}public Blob getPhoto() {return photo;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Student{" +"s_no='" + s_no + '\'' +", s_name='" + s_name + '\'' +", sex='" + sex + '\'' +", birthday=" + birthday +", D_NO='" + D_NO + '\'' +", address='" + address + '\'' +", phone='" + phone + '\'' +", photo=" + photo +'}';}public void setPhoto(Blob photo) {this.photo = photo;}}
JdbcDemo8.java:
package cn.itcast.jdbc;import cn.itcast.domain.Student;import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;public class JdbcDemo8 {public static void main(String[] args) {List<Student> list = new JdbcDemo8().findAll();System.out.println(list);}/*** 查询所有Student对象* @return*/public List<Student> findAll() {Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;List<Student> list = null;try {// 1. 注册驱动Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 2. 获取连接conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jxgl","root","root");// 3. 定义sqlString sql = " select * from students ";// 4. 获取执行sql的对象stmt = conn.createStatement();// 5. 执行sql语句rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);// 6. 遍历结果集,封装对象,装载集合Student stu = null;list = new ArrayList<Student>();while(rs.next()) {// 获取数据String s_no = rs.getString("s_no");String s_name = rs.getString("s_name");String sex = rs.getString("sex");Date birthday = rs.getDate("birthday");String D_NO = rs.getString("D_NO");String address = rs.getString("address");String phone = rs.getString("phone");Blob photo = rs.getBlob("photo");// 创建stu对象,并赋值stu = new Student();stu.setS_no(s_no);stu.setS_name(s_name);stu.setSex(sex);stu.setBirthday(birthday);stu.setD_NO(D_NO);stu.setAddress(address);stu.setPhone(phone);stu.setPhoto(photo);// 装载集合list.add(stu);}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {if (rs != null) {try {rs.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (conn != null) {try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if (stmt != null) {try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}return list;}
}
运行结果:
5. PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象1. SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a' 2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决3. 预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符4. 步骤:1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar2. 注册驱动3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection4. 定义sql* 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.prepareStatement(String sql) 6. 给?赋值:* 方法: setXxx(参数1,参数2)* 参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始* 参数2:?的值7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句8. 处理结果9. 释放资源5. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作1. 可以防止SQL注入2. 效率更高
抽取JDBC工具类 : JDBCUtils
* 目的:简化书写
* 分析:1. 注册驱动也抽取2. 抽取一个方法获取连接对象* 需求:不想传递参数(麻烦),还得保证工具类的通用性。* 解决:配置文件jdbc.propertiesurl=user=password=3. 抽取一个方法释放资源* 代码实现:public class JDBCUtils {private static String url;private static String user;private static String password;private static String driver;/*** 文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块*/static{//读取资源文件,获取值。try {//1. 创建Properties集合类。Properties pro = new Properties();//获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader();URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");String path = res.getPath();System.out.println(path);///D:/IdeaProjects/itcast/out/production/day04_jdbc/jdbc.properties//2. 加载文件// pro.load(new FileReader("D:\\IdeaProjects\\itcast\\day04_jdbc\\src\\jdbc.properties"));pro.load(new FileReader(path));//3. 获取数据,赋值url = pro.getProperty("url");user = pro.getProperty("user");password = pro.getProperty("password");driver = pro.getProperty("driver");//4. 注册驱动Class.forName(driver);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 获取连接* @return 连接对象*/public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);}/*** 释放资源* @param stmt* @param conn*/public static void close(Statement stmt,Connection conn){if( stmt != null){try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( conn != null){try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 释放资源* @param stmt* @param conn*/public static void close(ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn){if( rs != null){try {rs.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( stmt != null){try {stmt.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}if( conn != null){try {conn.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}* 练习:* 需求:1. 通过键盘录入用户名和密码2. 判断用户是否登录成功* select * from user where username = "" and password = "";* 如果这个sql有查询结果,则成功,反之,则失败* 步骤:1. 创建数据库表 userCREATE TABLE USER(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,username VARCHAR(32),PASSWORD VARCHAR(32));INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'zhangsan','123');INSERT INTO USER VALUES(NULL,'lisi','234');2. 代码实现:public class JDBCDemo9 {public static void main(String[] args) {//1.键盘录入,接受用户名和密码Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入用户名:");String username = sc.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入密码:");String password = sc.nextLine();//2.调用方法boolean flag = new JDBCDemo9().login(username, password);//3.判断结果,输出不同语句if(flag){//登录成功System.out.println("登录成功!");}else{System.out.println("用户名或密码错误!");}}/*** 登录方法*/public boolean login(String username ,String password){if(username == null || password == null){return false;}//连接数据库判断是否登录成功Connection conn = null;Statement stmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;//1.获取连接try {conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();//2.定义sqlString sql = "select * from user where username = '"+username+"' and password = '"+password+"' ";//3.获取执行sql的对象stmt = conn.createStatement();//4.执行查询rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);//5.判断/* if(rs.next()){//如果有下一行,则返回truereturn true;}else{return false;}*/return rs.next();//如果有下一行,则返回true} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn);}return false;}}
JDBC控制事务:
1. 事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败。
2. 操作:1. 开启事务2. 提交事务3. 回滚事务
3. 使用Connection对象来管理事务* 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务* 在执行sql之前开启事务* 提交事务:commit() * 当所有sql都执行完提交事务* 回滚事务:rollback() * 在catch中回滚事务4. 代码:public class JDBCDemo10 {public static void main(String[] args) {Connection conn = null;PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null;PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null;try {//1.获取连接conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();//开启事务conn.setAutoCommit(false);//2.定义sql//2.1 张三 - 500String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?";//2.2 李四 + 500String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?";//3.获取执行sql对象pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1);pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2);//4. 设置参数pstmt1.setDouble(1,500);pstmt1.setInt(2,1);pstmt2.setDouble(1,500);pstmt2.setInt(2,2);//5.执行sqlpstmt1.executeUpdate();// 手动制造异常int i = 3/0;pstmt2.executeUpdate();//提交事务conn.commit();} catch (Exception e) {//事务回滚try {if(conn != null) {conn.rollback();}} catch (SQLException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}e.printStackTrace();}finally {JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn);JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null);}}}