mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现，两种方式各有利弊。
第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。
第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。
下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理
先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况：
环境介绍：
mysql 版本：5.1.50
操作系统：SUSE 11
mysql实例数：3个
实例占用端口分别为：3306、3307、3308
创建mysql用户
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
- /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
编译安装mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- tar xzvf mysql-5.1.50.tar.gz
- cd mysql-5.1.50
- ./configure '--prefix=/usr/local/mysql' '--with-charset=utf8' '--with-extra-charsets=complex' '--with-pthread' '--enable-thread-safe-client' '--with-ssl' '--with-client-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static' '--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive' '--enable-shared' '--enable-assembler'
- make
- make install
初始化数据库
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3306 --user=mysql
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3307 --user=mysql
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/dbdata_3308 --user=mysql
创建配置文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf
3306的配置文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- [client]
- port = 3306
- socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- port = 3306
- socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer_size = 512M
- sort_buffer_size = 512M
- read_buffer = 8M
- write_buffer = 8M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
- [mysqld_safe]
- open-files-limit = 8192
vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf
3307的配置文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- [client]
- port = 3307
- socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- port = 3307
- socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer_size = 512M
- sort_buffer_size = 512M
- read_buffer = 8M
- write_buffer = 8M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
- [mysqld_safe]
- open-files-limit = 8192
vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf
3308的配置文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- [client]
- port = 3308
- socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- [mysqld]
- datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- port = 3308
- socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer_size = 512M
- sort_buffer_size = 512M
- read_buffer = 8M
- write_buffer = 8M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
- [mysqld_safe]
- open-files-limit = 8192
创建自动启动文件
vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld
3306的启动文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #!/bin/bash
- mysql_port=3306
- mysql_username="admin"
- mysql_password="password"
- function_start_mysql()
- {
- printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
- /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
- }
- function_stop_mysql()
- {
- printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
- }
- function_restart_mysql()
- {
- printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql
- }
- function_kill_mysql()
- {
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- }
- case $1 in
- start)
- function_start_mysql;;
- stop)
- function_stop_mysql;;
- kill)
- function_kill_mysql;;
- restart)
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
- esac
vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld
3307的启动文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #!/bin/bash
- mysql_port=3307
- mysql_username="admin"
- mysql_password="password"
- function_start_mysql()
- {
- printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
- /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
- }
- function_stop_mysql()
- {
- printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
- }
- function_restart_mysql()
- {
- printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql
- }
- function_kill_mysql()
- {
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- }
- case $1 in
- start)
- function_start_mysql;;
- stop)
- function_stop_mysql;;
- kill)
- function_kill_mysql;;
- restart)
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
- esac
vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld
3308的启动文件如下：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #!/bin/bash
- mysql_port=3308
- mysql_username="admin"
- mysql_password="password"
- function_start_mysql()
- {
- printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
- /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
- }
- function_stop_mysql()
- {
- printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sock shutdown
- }
- function_restart_mysql()
- {
- printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql
- }
- function_kill_mysql()
- {
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
- }
- case $1 in
- start)
- function_start_mysql;;
- stop)
- function_stop_mysql;;
- kill)
- function_kill_mysql;;
- restart)
- function_stop_mysql
- function_start_mysql;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: /data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart|kill}";;
- esac
启动3306、3307、3308的mysql
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start
- /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start
- /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start
更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限，mysqld脚本要用到！
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了！
更改环境变量
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- vim /etc/profile 添加下面一行内容
- PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
- source /etc/profile
添加到自动启动
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- vim /etc/init.d/boot.local
- /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld start
- /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld start
- /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld start
如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local
管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！
再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战：
这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样，就不再赘述。
mysqld_multi的配置
vim /etc/my.cnf
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- [mysqld_multi]
- mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
- mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
- user = admin
- password = password
- [mysqld1]
- socket = /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
- port = 3306
- pid-file = /data/dbdata_3306/3306.pid
- datadir = /data/dbdata_3306
- user = mysql
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqld2]
- socket = /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
- port = 3307
- pid-file = /data/dbdata_3307/3307.pid
- datadir = /data/dbdata_3307
- user = mysql
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqld3]
- socket = /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- port = 3308
- pid-file = /data/dbdata_3308/3308.pid
- datadir = /data/dbdata_3308
- user = mysql
- skip-name-resolve
- lower_case_table_names=1
- innodb_file_per_table=1
- back_log = 50
- max_connections = 300
- max_connect_errors = 1000
- table_open_cache = 2048
- max_allowed_packet = 16M
- binlog_cache_size = 2M
- max_heap_table_size = 64M
- sort_buffer_size = 2M
- join_buffer_size = 2M
- thread_cache_size = 64
- thread_concurrency = 8
- query_cache_size = 64M
- query_cache_limit = 2M
- ft_min_word_len = 4
- default-storage-engine = innodb
- thread_stack = 192K
- transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
- tmp_table_size = 64M
- log-bin=mysql-bin
- binlog_format=mixed
- slow_query_log
- long_query_time = 1
- server-id = 1
- key_buffer_size = 8M
- read_buffer_size = 2M
- read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
- bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
- myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
- myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
- myisam_repair_threads = 1
- myisam_recover
- innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
- innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M
- innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
- innodb_file_io_threads = 8
- innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
- innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
- innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
- innodb_log_file_size = 512M
- innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
- innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
- innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
- [mysqldump]
- quick
- max_allowed_packet = 256M
- [mysql]
- no-auto-rehash
- prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m>
- [myisamchk]
- key_buffer_size = 512M
- sort_buffer_size = 512M
- read_buffer = 8M
- write_buffer = 8M
- [mysqlhotcopy]
- interactive-timeout
- [mysqld_safe]
- open-files-limit = 8192
mysqld_multi启动
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 2
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3
或者采用一条命令的形式：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3
更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot password 'password' -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -ppassword -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock
- GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
- flush privileges;
更改环境变量
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- vim /etc/profile
- PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
- source /etc/profile
添加到自动启动
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- vim /etc/init.d/boot.local
- /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 1-3
如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local
管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！
大家在管理多实例的话可以使用mysqlmanager实例管理器，管理器来会比较方面，限于篇幅，这里就不在多做介绍！
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