短时间锁定的情况下,自旋锁(spinlock)更快。(因为自旋锁本质上不会让线程休眠,而是一直循环尝试对资源访问,直到可用。所以自旋锁线程被阻塞时,不进行线程上下文切换,而是空转等待。对于多核CPU而言,减少了切换线程上下文的开销,从而提高了性能。)
以下是简单实例(并行执行10000次,每次想list中添加一项。执行完后准确的结果应该是10000):
foo1:使用系统的自旋锁。
foo4:不使用锁。结果必然是不正确的。
foo5:通过Interlocked实现自旋锁。
1 public class SpinLockDemo2 {3 int i = 0;4 List<int> li = new List<int>();5 SpinLock sl = new SpinLock();6 int signal = 0;7 8 public void Execute() 9 {10 foo1();11 //li.ForEach((t) => { Console.WriteLine(t); });12 Console.WriteLine("Li Count - Spinlock: "+li.Count);13 li.Clear();14 foo4();15 Console.WriteLine("Li Count - Nolock: " + li.Count);16 li.Clear();17 foo5();18 Console.WriteLine("Li Count - Customized Spinlock: " + li.Count);19 20 }21 22 public void foo1()23 {24 Parallel.For(0, 10000, r =>25 {26 bool gotLock = false; //释放成功27 try28 {29 sl.Enter(ref gotLock); //进入锁30 //Thread.Sleep(100);31 if (i == 0)32 {33 i = 1;34 li.Add(r);35 i = 0;36 }37 }38 finally39 {40 if (gotLock) sl.Exit(); //释放41 }42 43 });44 }45 46 public void foo4()47 {48 Parallel.For(0, 10000, r =>49 {50 if (i == 0)51 {52 i = 1;53 li.Add(r);54 i = 0;55 }56 });57 }58 59 public void foo5()60 {61 Parallel.For(0, 10000, r =>62 {63 while (Interlocked.Exchange(ref signal, 1) != 0)//加自旋锁64 {}65 li.Add(r);66 Interlocked.Exchange(ref signal, 0); //释放锁67 });68 69 }70 71 public void foo6()72 {73 //Console.WriteLine(i);74 //Task.Run(new Action(foo2)).ContinueWith(new Action<Task>(t =>75 //{76 // Console.WriteLine("foo2 completed: " + i);77 //}));78 //Console.WriteLine(i);79 //Task.Run(new Action(foo2)).ContinueWith(new Action<Task>(t =>80 //{81 // Console.WriteLine("foo3 completed: " + i);82 //}));83 //Console.WriteLine(i);84 }85 public void foo2()86 {87 bool lck = false;88 sl.Enter(ref lck);89 Thread.Sleep(100);90 ++i;91 if (lck) sl.Exit(); 92 }93 94 public void foo3()95 {96 bool lck = false;97 sl.Enter(ref lck);98 ++i;99 if (lck) sl.Exit();
100 }
101 }